jkpo; ,yf;fpa eak;

ftpijia eae;J vOJjy;

S.L. Fathima Faseena (Tr)

BA (First Class)
Gmail: kittyfasna123@[Link]
ftpijia thrpj;J mjd; fPo; jug;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfspd;/ njhlu;fspd;
mbg;gilapy; ftpijia eae;J Fiwe;jgl;rk; 200 nrhw;fspy;
vOJf.
jdpj;jike;j tPl;bw; Gj;jfKk; ehDk;
irNahfk; Gupe;jnjhU Ntisjd;dpy;>
,dpj;jGtp ,aw;ifnaopy; vy;yhk; fz;Nld;;
,irNfl;Nld;! kzk;Nkhe;Njd;! Ritfs; cz;Nld;!

kdpj;jupNy kpf;Fau;e;j ftpQu; neQ;rpd;

kfhNrhjpapw; fye;j njdJ neQ;Rk;!
rdpj;jjq;Nf Gj;Jzu;T! Gj;jfq;fs;
jUKjtp ngupJ! kpfg;ngupJ fz;Bu;!

kdpjnuyhk; md;Gnewp fhz;gjw;Fk;

kNdhghtk; thidg;Nghy; tpuptile;J
jdpkdpj jj;tkhk; ,Uisg; Nghf;fpr;
rfkf;fs; xd;nwd;g Jzu;tjw;Fk;>
,dpjpdpjha; vOe;jcau; vz;znky;yhk;
,yFtJ Gytu;jU Rtbr;rhiy;
GdpjKw;W kf;fs;GJ tho;TNtz;by;
Gj;jf rhiyNtz;Lk; ehl;by;ahz;Lk;.

jkpou;f;Fj; jkpo;nkhopapw; Rtbr;rhiy

ru;tfyh rhiyiag;Nghy; vq;Fk; Ntz;Lk;.
jkpopypyhg; gpwnkhopE}y; midj;Jk; ey;y
jkpohf;fp thrpf;fj; jUjy;Ntz;Lk;>
mKjk;Nghy; nre;jkpopw; ftpijE}w;fs;>
mofpathk; ciweilapy; mike;j E}w;fs;>
RikRikaha;r; Nrfupj;Jg; gy;fiyNru;
JiwJiwaha;g; gpupj;jLf;fp itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

ehiye;J tPjpfSf; nfhd;W tPjk;

ey;yJtha; trjpajha; ,y;yk; Ntz;Lk;>
E}nyy;yhk; Kiwahf Mq;fikj;J
nehbf;Fnehb Mrpupau; cjTfpd;w

1|Page
 NfhyKWk; nra;jpj;jhs; midj;Jk; Mq;Nf
Ftpe;jpUf;f tifnra;J jUjy; Ntz;Lk;.
%iyapNyhu; rpWE}Yk; GJE}yhapd;
KbjdpNy Rke;Jte;J jUjy; Ntz;Lk;

thrpf;f tUgtupd; tUif Vw;Wk;

kupahij fhl;b mtu;f; fpUf;if je;Jk;>
Mrpj;j E}y;je;Jk; Gjpa E}y;fs;
mioj;jpUe;jhy; mijAiuj;Jk;> ehSk; E}iy
Nerpj;J tUNthu;fs; ngUFk; tz;zk;
epidg;ghYk; thf;fhYk; Njfj;jhYk;
khrw;wnjhz; biog;gPu;!
rKjhar;rPu; kWkyu;r;rp fz;lnjd Kof;fQ; nra;tPu;!

m. Gj;jfthrpg;gpy; %o;fpa NghJ ftpQu; fz;lit

M. 'Gj;jfrhiy Ntz;Lk; ehl;by; ahz;Lk;' vd;W ftpQu; $Wtjw;fhd
fhuzq;fs;/ Gj;jfrhiyapd; gad;fs;
,. ftpQu; fhz tpioAk; E}yfj;jpd; jd;ik
<. E}yfj;jpw;F tUNthu;f;F nra;a Ntz;ba njhz;Lfs; / mtu;fis
cgrupf;Fk; Kiw
c. ftpijapy; fhzg;gLk; mzpg;gad;ghLfs;
(5X6 = 30 Gs;spfs;)

ghujpjhrdpd; Gj;jfrhiy vDk; ,f;ftpijapy; Gj;jfj;jpd;

gad;fs;> Gj;jfrhiy mike;jpUf;f Ntz;ba Kiwik vdg; gy
tplaq;fs; eaj;NjhL nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. mtw;iwg; gpd;tUkhW tpupthf
Nehf;fyhk;.

me;j tifapy; thrpg;Gf;Nfw;w R+oypypUe;J> Gj;jf thrpg;gpy; %o;fpa

NghJ ftpQu; fz;l gad;fshfg; gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.
,d;gk; epiwe;j Gtpapd; ,aw;ifaoifnay;yhk; thrpg;gpD}Nl jhd;
fz;L nfhz;ljhff; $wf; fhzyhk;. mt;NtisapNy thrpg;gpdhy;
mDgtpf;f fpilj;j ,d;g> Jd;g> eifr; Rit czu;Tfs; vdg;
gytw;iwAk; ",ir Nfl;L> kzk; Efu;e;J> mjd; Ritfis cz;Nld;"
vd;fpwhu;. ,d;Dk; Fwpj;j vOj;Jf;fSf;F cupj;Jila> kdpjupNy
mwptpw; rpwe;J tpsq;Ffpd;w ftpQuJ mwpnthspahd kfhNrhjpapy;
2|Page
jdJ neQ;rKk; fye;J tpLtjhfTk; mjdhy; Gj;Jzu;T gpwe;jjhfTk;
$Wfpwhu;.
mt;thNw gy E}W Gj;jfq;fisj; jhq;fp epw;Fk; Gj;jfrhiy
ehl;by; vq;Fk; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;Fg; gpd;tUk; fhuzq;fisAk; $Wfpwhu;.
kdpju;fspilNa md;G ngUfTk; kNdhghtk; thidg; Nghy; tpuptile;J
gue;j kdg;ghq;ifg; ngWtJld; FWfpa kdg;ghd;ik mfd;W jdpkdpj
jj;Jtk; vDk; ,Us; tpyfp vy;NyhUk; rkk; vDk; czu;T ngWtjw;Fk;
Gj;jfrhiy Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhu;. NghyNt ,dpJ ,dpjhd cau;
vz;zq;fnsy;yhk; Njhd;wp kf;fs; GdpjKw;W GJtho;T tho;tjw;Fk;
Gj;jfrhiy Jiz nra;Ak; vd;gjhy; Gj;jfrhiy vq;Fk; Ntz;Lk;
vd;fpwhu; ftpQu;.

mLj;J ftpQu; jhd; fhz tpUk;Gk; E}yfj;jpd; jd;ik gw;wpf;

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. me;j tifapy; gue;Jgl;l mwpitj; jUfpd;w
gy;fiyf;fofj;ijg; Nghy jkpo;nkhopapyhd Rtbr;rhiyfs; vq;Fk;
fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. jkpo;nkhopay;yhj gpw nkhop E}y;fs; jkpopy; nkhop
ngau;f;fg;gl;L thrpf;Fk; gbahf E}yfj;jpy; fpilf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;
fpilj;jw;fupa mKjk; Nghd;w nre;jkpo;f; ftpij E}y;fs;> mofpa
ciueil E}y;fs; vd;gd Nrfupf;fg;gl;L Jiw Jiwahfg; gpupj;J
mLf;fp itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.ehiye;J tPjpfSf;F xd;W tPjk; ey;y
trjp gilj;j E}yfq;fs; mike;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. nehbf;F nehb
ntsptUk; nra;jpj;jhs;fSk; Mq;Nf Ftpf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. GJ
E}y;fs; vq;fpUe;jhYk; rpukk; ghuhJ mjidj; jiyNkw; Rke;J te;J
E}yfj;jpy; itj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vdf; ftpQu; tpiofpwhu;.

mj;NjhL E}yfj;jpw;F tUNthu;f;Fr; nra;a Ntz;ba njhz;Lfs;

gw;wpAk; ftpQu; ftpijapy; tpsf;fpAs;shu;. E}yfj;jpw;F thrpf;f
tUNthupd; tUifia kdjhu Vw;W > mtu;fis kupahijAld; tuNtw;W
,Uf;if nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtu;fs; tpUk;gpf; Nfl;Fk; E}y;fisf;
nfhLg;gJld; Gjpjhf tutiof;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; E}y;fs; gw;wpa
tpguq;fisAk; njupag;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. jpdKk; E}yfj;jpw;F tUgtu;fs;
ngUFk; tz;zk; vz;zj;jhYk; nrayhYk; clyhYk; khrw;w tpjj;jpy;
mtu;fSf;Fj; njhz;L nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhu;.

mLj;J ,f;ftpijapy; mzpfspd; gad;ghL gw;wp Nehf;fyhk;.

mt;tifapy; ctik> cUtf mzpfSk; vJif > Nkhid mzpfspd;
gad;ghLfSk; ,lk;ngw;wpUf;ff; fhzyhk;. “kNdhghtk; thidg; Nghy;
tpuptile;J" vd;gjpy; ctik mzp ifahsg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,q;F
kNdhghtk; thDf;F ctkpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. NghyNt “mKjk; Nghy;
3|Page
nre;jkpopw; ftpij E}w;fs;" vd;w ctik mzpapy; nre;jkpo;f; ftpij
E}w;fs; mKjj;jpw;F ctkpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
“jdpkdpjj; jj;Jtkhk; ,Us;" vd;w cUtf mzpapNy
jdpkdpjj; jj;Jtk; ,USf;F cUtfpf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ. vJifg;
gad;ghl;bw;F cjhuzkhf> jdpj;j - ,dpj;j - kdpju; - rdpj;jJ> thrpf;f
- Mrpj;j - Nerpj;j Nghd;wtw;iwf; fhl;lyhk;. Nkhid
mzpg;gad;ghl;bw;F cjhuzkhf> ,dpj;j - ,ir> kdpju; - kNdhghtk;>
jkpou; - jkpopy; Nghd;wtw;iw vLj;Jf; fhl;lyhk;.
,t;thwhff; ftpQu; ghujpjhrdpd; Gj;jfrhiy vd;w ftpij
Gj;jfq;fspdJk; Gj;jfrhiyapdJk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wpAk; mtw;iw
tpUk;Gtjd; mtrpak; gw;wpAk; eak;gl tpgupf;ff; fhzyhk;.

ftpijia thrpj;J mjd; fPo; jug;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfspd;/ njhlu;fspd;

mbg;gilapy; ftpijia eae;J Fiwe;jgl;rk; 200 nrhw;fspy;
vOJf.

tha;nkhopg;ghly;
maYk; GilAk; tho Ntz;Lk;
md;dKk; Rw;wKk; tho Ntz;Lk;
Mr;rpAk; mg;GTk; tho Ntz;Lk;
mk;khDk; khkpAk; tho Ntz;Lk;

muprpg; nghjpNahLk; te;jPNuh jk;gp

muprp kiyehLk; fz;BNuh jk;gp

ney;Yg; nghjpNahLk; te;jPNuh jk;gp

ney;Y kiyehLk; fz;BNuh jk;gp

kQ;rs; nghjpNahLk; te;jPNuh jk;gp

kQ;rs; kiyehLk; fz;BNuh jk;gp
4|Page
 kpsFg; nghjpNahLk; te;jPNuh jk;gp
kpsF kiyehLk; fz;BNuh jk;gp
cs;spg; nghjpNahLk; te;jPNuh jk;gp
cs;sp kiyehLk; fz;BNuh jk;gp

,Q;rpg;nghjpNahLk; te;jPNuh jk;gp

,Q;rp kiyehLk; fz;BNuh jk;gp

cg;Gg; nghjpNahLk; te;jPNuh jk;gp

cg;G kiyehLk; fz;BNuh jk;gp

fhRg; nghjpNahLk; te;jPNuh jk;gp

fhR kiyehLk; fz;BNuh jk;gp

Nte;ju;f;F Nte;juha; te;jPNuh jk;gp

Nte;ju; kzpKbAk; fz;BNuh jk;gp

Nfhr;rp tho nfhg;gu; tho

Ngj;jp tho Ngud; tho

G+l;bthoG+l;ld; tho
nfhk;khd; tho khkp tho

FQ;rpahr;rp tho FQ;rpag;G tho

ngupahr;rp tho ngupag;G tho

Cu; tho Njrk; tho

FUTf;Fk; rptDf;Fk;
ey;y gps;isaha; ,Ue;J tho;f...

m. kUj;Jtpr;rp tho;j;J gw;wpa gpd;dzp

M. Foe;ij gw;wpa kUj;Jtpr;rpapd; tho;j;J
,. kUj;Jtpr;rpapd; gue;j kdg;ghq;F
<. fpuhkpa kz;thrid
c. mofpay; czu;T
(5X6 = 30 Gs;spfs;)

5|Page
 tha;nkhopg;ghly;fspd; tiffspy; xd;whd kUj;Jtpr;rpg;
ghlYf;F cjhuzkhf ,g;ghly; fhzg;gLfpwJ. itj;jpa trjpfspd;
nry;thf;F Fd;wpa fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; gpurtr; rpfpr;irfis
kUj;Jtpr;rpNa Nkw;nfhs;ths;. mt;thW jhiaAk; Foe;ijiaAk;
ghJfhj;j mtSf;F ed;wp nrYj;Jk; nghUl;L jhdpaq;fs; Kjyhd
nghUl;fs; toq;fg;gLtJz;L. gpurtk; ghu;f;Fk; kUj;Jtpr;rp gpwe;j
Foe;ijia Kjd;Kjypy; iffspy; J}f;fpathW Foe;ijiag; gythW
tho;j;jp tuNtw;Wg; ghLthu;. ,JNt kUj;Jtpr;rp tho;j;jpd;
gpd;dzpahFk;.
mt;thW Foe;ijia tho;j;jpg;ghLk; kUj;Jtpr;rpapd; tho;j;J
,g;ghlypy; gpd;tUkhW mike;Js;sJ. maytu;fSk; Rw;wj;jpdUk; tho>
mj;NjhL Foe;ijapd; ngw;Nwhu;> mtu;fspd; ngw;Nwhu;> khkd;> khkp> rpwpa
jha;> rpwpa je;ij> ngupa jha;> ngupa je;ij> Ngj;jp> Ngud;> G+l;ld;>
G+l;b vd vy;NyhUlDk; ,ize;J fhyq;fhykhf kfpo;r;rpAlDk; ePz;l
MASlDk; Foe;ij tho Ntz;Lk; vd kUj;Jtpr;rp tho;j;Jfpwhs;.
kl;Lkd;wp muprp> ney;> kpsF> ,Q;rp> cs;sp> cg;G> fhR Nghd;w
nry;tq;fsidj;Jk; ngw;W rfy eyd;fSlDk; tho Ntz;Lnkd
tho;j;Jfpwhs;. NghyNt Nte;ju;f;nfy;yhk; Nte;juha; tho Ntz;Lnkd
Foe;ijia vy;NyhiuAk; tpl cau;j;jp tho;j;Jfpwhs; kUj;Jtpr;rp.
,Wjpahf ,j;jid eyd;fisAk; rpwg;Gf;fisAk; ngw;W kfpo;Tld;
tho;tjw;F Vw;Gila tifapy; jd; MrhDf;Fk; flTSf;Fk;
nghUj;jKilatdha; tho;e;J CiuAk; Njrj;ijAk; tho itg;ghahf
vdf; Foe;ijia kdjhu tho;j;Jtijf; fhzyhk;.
mLj;J ,g;ghlypd; %yk; kUj;Jtr;rpapd; gue;j kdg;ghq;F
njs;sj;njspthf Gyg;gLfpwJ. maYk; Rw;wKk; tho Ntz;Lnkd Rw;wp
thOk; vy;NyhiuAk; nkhj;jkhf tho;j;Jtjpy; mtsJ caupa
kdg;ghq;iff; fhzyhk;. kl;Lkd;wp nrhe;j ge;jk; midtUk; tho
Ntz;LnkdTk; tho;j;jpg; ghLfpwhs;.NkYk; Foe;ijapd; gpwg;igj; je;j
jha;> je;ijau; njhlf;fk; Ngud;> Ngj;jp> G+l;ld;> G+l;b vdg;
guk;giuiaNa tho;j;jp epw;Fk; gue;j kdg;ghq;iff; fhzyhk;. ,d;Dk;
vy;NyhUkhf Nru;e;J $l;Lf;FLk;gkha; kfpo;r;rpAld; tho Ntz;Lnkdf;
fUJjy;> CUk; NjrKk; rpwg;ghf tho Ntz;Lnkdg; ghLjy;>
FUgf;jpAld; ,iwgf;jpiaAk; kjpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk;> Foe;ij
rfy nry;tq;fSk; eyd;fSk; ngw;W cw;whu; cwtpdUld; kfpo;r;rpaha;
tho tho;j;JtJ> Nte;ju;f;nfy;yhk; Nte;juha; tho Ntz;Lnkd
tho;j;Jjy; vd midj;jpYNk kUj;Jtpr;rpapd; gue;j kdg;ghq;if
czuf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

6|Page
 tha;nkhopg;ghlYf;F toq;fg;gLk; ngau;fspy; xd;W fpuhkpag;
ghly; vd;gjhFk;. me;j tifapy; fpuhkpag;ghly; fpuhkpa
kz;thridahy; epiwe;J epw;Fk;. ,f;fpuhkpag;ghlypYk; Vuhskhd
kz;thridfisf; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. Foe;ijf;F fpuhkj;J
cwTKiwfis xt;nthd;whf mwpKfg; gLj;JtjpYk; fpuhkpaf; $l;Lf;
FLk;g Kiwikia ntspf;nfhzu;tjpYk; fpuhkpa kz;thridNa
cs;sJ. NghyNt fpuhkq;fspy; tpisAk; tskhdJk;
kq;fsfukhdJkhd nghUl;fisf; (ney;> muprp> kQ;rs;> kpsF> ,Q;rp)
$wp tho;j;Jjy;> rfyiuAk; Ngzp cwTfisf; nfhz;lhLk; tof;fj;ij
Cf;Ftpj;jy;> may;>Rw;wk; vd r%f cwTfisg; Ngzj; J}z;Ljy;>
FUitAk; flTisAk; kjpf;Fk; kdg;ghq;if tpUj;jp nra;jy;> Cu;>Njrk;
tho tho;j;Jk; nghJTlik kdg;ghq;F> gps;isiaj; jk;gpnad
tpspf;Fk; fpuhkpa tof;F vd vy;yhtw;wpYNk fpuhkpa kz;thridia
Efuf;$bajhf cs;sJ.
mj;Jld; ,t; tha;nkhopg; ghly; mofpay; czu;Tfs;
epuk;gg;ngw;W <u;f;Fk; tpjj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. mt;tifapy; ehl;lhu;
ghlYf;Nfw;w rpwe;j ,dpikahd Xir eak; ghlypd; mofpaiy
nkU$l;LfpwJ. NkYk; vJif>Nkhid nrhy;yzpfSk; ghlypy;
epiwe;jpUg;gijf; fhzyhk;. (vJif : muprp - muprp> ney;Y - ney;Y>
Nkhid: may; - md;dk;). ,d;Dk; ghly; tpdhj;njhLj;J tpil
nrhy;Yk; tpjkhf mike;jpUg;gJ $l Xu; mofpay; czu;itj;
Njhw;Wtpf;fpwJ. fpuhkj;jpw;NfAupa jdpj;jd;ikAld; cwTKiwfs;
tpspj;Jr; nrhy;yg;gLtJk; ghlypd; mopay; jhd;.

njhFj;J Nehf;Fifapy; ,k; kUj;Jtpr;rp tho;j;Jg; ghly;

tha;nkhopg; ghlYf;fhd jdpj;jd;ikAld; gy rpwg;Gf;fisg; ngw;W
mike;jpUg;gijf; fhzyhk;.

7|Page
ftpijia thrpj;J mjd; fPo; jug;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfspd;/ njhlu;fspd;
mbg;gilapy; ftpijia eae;J Fiwe;jgl;rk; 200 nrhw;fspy;
vOJf.

mKjk;

jq;f tisf; iffs; njhl;Lr; rikj;jJ

rhyf; fkOijah - ,jpy;>
mq;fnk yhk;kpfg; nghq;fp tope;jpLk;
md;Gq; fye;j ifah

nfhl;ba cg;Gf; frg;gnjd;whYKs;

$bapdpf;F ifah - ,J
tpl;Lg; gpupifapw; nrhl;Lf; fz;zPugl;l
tpz;zpd; mKjikah

nrhd;dgbel thj Jbg;gay;

njhl;Lr; Ritj;j ifah - ,J
rpd;dQ; rpWiff; Foe;ij aise;jJ
nja;t mKj ikah

Mff; fupe;J nghupe;jnjd; whYNk

md;G kzf;F ifah - ,J
Ntfitf; fhjnjd; whYk; vdf;nfhU
tpe;ij cUrp ikah

CJ Fow;rj;jk; Nfl;lt jpg;gl;L

XbtUif apNy - ,J
ghjp topte;J jhkiuf; ifje;j
gr;ir mKjikah

fl;ba md;Gf; fapw;wpdpw; Rw;wpa

fl;Lg; nghjpap ijah- ,ijj;
njhl;Lr; Ritf;ifapy; cs;snky; yhnkhU
Nrhjp kpspU ijah.

8|Page
(m) mKjk; vd;w jiyg;G ftpijf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tpjk;
(M) kidtp kPJ fztd; nfhz;l md;gpd; ntspg;ghL / kidtp
rikj;j czitf; fztd; Gfo;e;Jiuf;Fk; tpjk;
(,) fztd; Nky; kidtp nfhz;l md;G
(<) Foe;ijahy; je;ij milAk; ,d;gk;
(c) ftpijapd; ftpj;Jtk;
(5X6 = 30 Gs;spfs;)

rr;rpjhde;jd; vd;gtuhy; vOjg;gl;l 'mKjk;” vd;w ftpij

gaz eLtpNy kidtp rikj;Jf; nfhLj;j czit cz;Zk;
fztDf;F mt;TzT mtd; cs;sj;jpy; Vw;gLj;Jk; czu;Tfs; gw;wpg;
NgRfpwJ.

mt;thwhd ftpijf;F 'mKjk;” vd;w jiyg;G nghUe;Jk; tpjk;

gw;wpg; ghu;f;fyhk;. fztd; kPJ vy;iyaw;w md;G nfhz;l kidtp
gpuahzj;jpy; jd; fztd; gl;bdp fplf;ff; $lhnjd mtrukhfr;
rikj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; czT gw;wpf; ftpij mike;jpUg;gjhy; jiyg;G
mKjk; vd mikag;ngw;Ws;sJ. kl;Lkd;wp jd; kidtp jdf;fhfr;
rikj;Jj; je;j czit tpz;zpd; mKjk;> nja;t mKjk;> gr;ir
mKjk; vd;nwy;yhk; mKjj;jpw;F xg;gpl;Lf; $WtjdhYk; ftpijf;F
jiyg;G nghUe;jp epw;fpwJ. ,d;Dk; ftpij KOtJk; czitg;
Nghw;Wtjhff; fhzg;gLtjhYk; gpuahzj;jpd; ,ilapNy rhg;gplf;
fpilf;Fk; fl;Lg;nghjpf;F Urp mjpfnkd;gjhYk; jd;Nky; md;G
nfhz;ltu; jdf;fhfr; rikj;jJ vg;gbapUe;jhYk; mJ fpilj;jw;fupa
mKjk; NghyNt Njhd;Wk; vd;gjhYk; mKjk; vd;w jiyg;G
ftpijf;Fg; nghUe;jpg; NghfpwJ.

kidtp jdf;fhfg; gpuaj;jdg;gl;Lr; rikj;Jj; je;j czit

gpuahzj;jpd; ,ileLtpNy fztd; gpupj;J cz;Zifapy; me;j
cztpYs;s Fiwfisnay;yhk; nghUl;gLj;jhky; mjidg;
gythnwy;yhk; Gfo;e;Jiug;gjd; %yk; jhd; kidtp kPJ nfhz;bUf;Fk;
vy;iy fle;j md;igg; Gyg;gLj;Jfpwhd;. jq;f tisay;fs; mzpe;j
jd; kidtpapd; iffs; njhl;Lr;rikj;j czthifahy; mJ ed;whf
kzk; tPRfpwJ vd;fpwhd;. mt;TzT cg;G rw;W mjpfkhff; fhzg;gl;l
NghjpYk; fupe;J nghupe;J NghapUe;jhYk; rupahf Ntf itf;fhjJ
vd;whYNk mJ mtDf;F tpe;ij cUrpiaj;jUk; Ritahd czT
vdf; $wf; fhzyhk;. ,d;Dk; mtisg; gpupe;J tUtjdhy; mts;
rpe;jpa fz;zPu;j; Jspfs; fye;j czit tpz;zpd; mKjk; vd
9|Page
Njtu;fspd; cztpd; juj;jpw;F cau;j;jpf; $Wfpwhd;. mtruj;jpy;
Gwg;gl;l NghJ ghjp top tiu mts; Xb te;J je;j gr;ir mKjk;
vd;Wk; mj;jifa md;gpd; epkpj;jk; nghjp nra;J je;j cztpidr;
Ritf;Fk; NghJ jd; cs;snky;yhk; Ngnuhsp ngw;W G+upj;Jg; Nghtjhff;
fztd; $Wtnjy;yhk; jd; kidtp kPjhd msT fle;j md;gpdhNyNa
MFk;.

mt;thNw kidtpahdts; fztd; kPJ nfhz;l md;Gk;

ftpijapy; mofhff; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpuahzk; nry;Yk; fztDf;fhf
rpuj;ijAld; mtrukhfj; jd; jq;f tisf; iffshy; rikj;J
Kbf;fpwhs;. ,jd;NghJ mts; ntWkNd czit khj;jpuk; rikf;fhky;
jd; rfy mq;fq;fspypUe;Jk; nghq;fp topAk; md;igAk; fye;Nj
rikj;njLf;fpwhs;. rikj;j czit md;igf; fapwhff; nfhz;L nghjp
nra;fpwhs;. jd; md;Gf;Fupa fztd; gpuahz epkpj;jk; jd;idg;
gpuptijnaz;zp fz;zPu; rpe;Jfpwhs;. CJ Fow; rj;jk; Nfl;L
mtruj;jpy; fztd; czit tpl;Lr; nrd;w NghJ ghjp top tiuf;Fk;
Xbr; nrd;W mt;Tzitf; nfhLj;J mtid topaDg;gp itf;fpwhs;.

kidtp fztDf;fpilapyhd md;ig kl;Lkd;wp Foe;ij kPjhd

md;igAk; gupitAk; ftpijapy; fhzyhk;. fztDf;fhf kidtp
rikj;jpUe;j czit Jbg;ghd Foe;ij Xbte;J njhl;Lr; Ritj;Jg;
ghu;f;fpwJ. ,t;thW jd; Foe;ijapd; rpd;dQ;rpW iffshy;
misag;gl;l czT vd;gjhy; mJ je;ijf;F nja;tj;jpw;F gilf;Fk;
cztpw;F epfuhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. ,it Foe;ijahy; je;ij milAk;
,d;gj;jpw;Fr; rhd;whfpd;wd.
,t;thW ,y;ywg; gz;ghl;il ikakhff; nfhz;L gilf;fg;gl;l
mKjk; vd;w ftpij ftpj;Jtk; epiwe;jjhf mike;Js;sJ.
mt;tifapy; fztDf;F kidtp czT rikj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; xw;iwr;
rk;gtj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fztd; kidtpf;fpilapyhd
,y;ywg; gz;ghl;il ntspg;gLj;jpapUg;gJ eaf;fj;jf;fJ. ,d;Dk;
ftpQu; jhd; nrhy;y te;j tplaq;fis gbKiw mikg;gpy;
$wpapUg;gJk; kidtp rikj;j czit mKjkhfj; juKau;j;jpf;
ftpijapd; gy ,lq;fspy; $wpapUg;gJk; ,jD}lhff; ftpijapd;
jiyg;ig ftpijf;Fg; nghUe;jr; nra;jpUg;gJk; ftpQupd;
ftpj;Jtj;ijNa fhl;Lfpd;wd. NkYk; KiwNa jhikuf;if> md;Gf;
fapW Mfpa ctik> cUtf mzpfisg; gad;gLj;jpapUg;gJk; vJif>
Nkhid (jq;f - mq;f> mq;fk; - md;G) nrhy;yzpfisf; nfhz;L
ftpijia re;jj;jhy; nkUNfw;wpapUg;gJk;$l ftpj;Jtj;jpd; rhd;WfNs.
NghyNt vspikahd nrhy;yhl;rp> rpwg;ghd czu;r;rp ntspg;ghl;Lld;
10 | P a g e
$ba tupfs; vd;gdTk; ftpijapy; ftpQupd; ftpj;Jtj;ijNa
Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

,t;thwhf ftpj;Jtq;fs; epiwe;J fztd; kidtpf;fpilapyhd

,y;ywg; gz;ghl;il eaj;Jld; ntspg;gLj;jp epw;Fk; ftpijahf
'mKjk;” vDk; ftpij gilf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ rpwg;Gf;FupaJ.

ftpijia thrpj;J mjd; fPo; jug;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfspd;/ njhlu;fspd;

mbg;gilapy; ftpijia eae;J Fiwe;jgl;rk; 200 nrhw;fspy;
vOJf.

GJikg; ngz;zha; khwpLNthk;

fhiyapNy gdp fhAKd;Nd Fspu;

fhw;iwf; fpopj;JNk XLfpd;Nwhk;! - njhopw;
rhiyapNy rq;F CJ Kd;Nd gRe;
jq;fj; jspupid fps;spLNthk;!

ntz;il tpuy;fs; tpiwj;jpbDk; vq;fs;

Nkdp Fspupy; eLq;fpbDk;> - ,U
nfz;il tpopfs; gsgsf;Fk;> jspu;
fps;sNth iffs; guguf;Fk;!
$il mire;J gf;fj;jpYk; te;J
$l;Lk; 'fpWf; fpWf;” NfhirapNy - neQ;r
NkilapNy rjp uhLnkz; zq;fspd;
Ntjid Jd;g xypNfl;Fk;

gf;f epiur;nrb rpf;fpLk; NghjpYk;

gf;Ft khftp yf;fpr; nry;Nthk; - vk;ikr;
rpf;fitj; jpUf;Fk; mbikj; jisapid
J}f;fp nawpaj; JzpT nfhs;Nthk;!
11 | P a g e
 ntl;ba nrbapy; Gilj;njOk; mUk;ngd
NkYWk; vz;zk; vq;fs; kdjpy;> - ,dp
Kl;bj; jJk;gp Kisj;J tpLk; vk;ik
%ba NgupUs; Xl;bLNthk;

vd;Wk; mbikr; rpiwapdp Nyitj;j

vj;ju;fs; nfhl;l klf;fplNt ngUq;
Fd;W epfu;j;j kdTWjp nfhz;L
Nfhijau; Nghupl Kd;tUNthk;!
ngz;Zf;F fy;tp ngUe;jPJ> cupik
Ngrpb NyhmJ ngUe;jtW> vd;w
vz;zk; gilj;jtu; kz;zpw; Gije;jpl
vz;zw; fupa fiygilg;Nghk;!

rhjpr; rka rq;fWj;J > ngz;fs;

jho;TnaDk; jPa Nghf;nfhopj;J ; ,k;
Nkjpdp apy;GJ khw;wk; gilj;J ngz;
tpLjiyf; fPjk; ,irj;jpLNthk;!

ngz;Zf;F ,q;Nfhu; jdpePjp - vd

NgrpLk; E}y;fs; vitnadpDk; - mit
kz;zpy; Gijj;J kfpo;e;jpLNthk; - et
khju; mwq;fs; gilj;jpLNthk;!

Nghypj; jiyik nghRf;fpLNthk; - ,tu;

ngha;ikj; jpiuiaf; fpopj;njwpNthk;!
ghypj;jpLNthk; GJAfj;ij> kiyg;
ghitau; tho;tpy; cau;e;jpLNthk;!

(m) kiyafj; njhopyhspg; ngz;fspd; fbd ciog;G

(M) tpLjiy Ntl;if
(,) ngz; cupikr; rpe;jidfs;
(<) mzpfspd; gad;ghL
(c) ftpij ntspg;ghl;L KiwapYs;s rpwg;Gfs;
(5X6 = 30 Gs;spfs;)

12 | P a g e
 FwpQ;rpj; njd;dtdhy; vOjg;gl;l 'GJikg; ngz;zha;
khwpLNthk;” vd;w ,f; ftpij kiyafj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhspg;
ngz;fspd; NtjidfisAk; mjpypUe;J kPsj;Jbf;Fk; mtu;fsJ
Ntl;ifiaAk; gpd;dzpahff; nfhz;L gilf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.

mj;jifa ,f;ftpijapy; kiyafj; njhopyhspg; ngz;fspd;

fbd ciog;G fd fr;rpjkhff; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpfhiyapNyNa gdp
fha;tjw;F Kd;ghfNt fLq;FspiuAk; nghUl;gLj;jhky; mtu;fs;
Ntiyf;F tpiufpd;wdu;. mJTk; Ntiy njhlq;Ftjw;F mwpFwpahd
rq;Fr; rj;jk; Nfl;gjw;F Kd;duhfNt Ntiyf;Fg; Gwg;gl;L tpLfpd;wdu;.
mq;F mtu;fspd; tpuy;fs; Fspupy; tpiwj;Jg; NghdhYk; clNyh
Fspupy; eLq;fpdhYk; $l mtw;iwj; jhz;b gRikahd nfhOe;Jfis
gugug;ghfj; Njbj;Njbg; gwpf;fpd;wdu;. ,d;Dk; mtu;fspd; kdjpNy gy
Ntjidfisr; Rke;jgb> rpf;fpLk; gf;f epiur; nrbfis gf;Ftkhf
tpyf;fpagb nfhOe;Jfisg; gwpj;J ciof;fpd;wdu;.

njhlu;e;Jk; Nehf;Fifapy; ,f;ftpijapy; kiyafg; ngz;fspd;

tpLjiy Ntl;if rpwg;ghfg; Gyg;gLfpwJ. guk;giu guk;giuahf mjpfhu
tu;f;fj;jpd; mbikj;jisapy; rpf;Fz;L tho;e;J tUk; kiyafr;
r%fj;jpy; Fwpg;ghfg; ngz;fspd; epiy kpf mtyk; epiwe;jJ.
mtw;wpypUe;J kPz;nlOe;J tpLjiyaila Ntz;Lk; vd;w mtu;fspd;
Ntl;ifiag; gpd;tUkhW FwpQ;rpj; njd;dtd; fhl;Lfpwhu;. “rpf;f
itj;jpUf;Fk; mbikj;jisapid J}f;fpnawpaj; JzpT nfhs;Nthk;"
vd;fpwhu;. ,d;Dk; ntl;ba nrbapy; Kisj;J epw;Fk; mUk;G Nghy
mtu;fspd; kdjpNy Njhd;wp epw;Fk; tpLjiy Ntl;ifapdhy; jk;ik
%bapUf;Fk; NgupUis tpul;b Xl;bl Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhu; ftpQu;. mjid
epiwNtw;Wk; tifapy; jk;ik mbikr; rpiwapy; itj;jpUf;Fk;
vj;ju;fspd; nfhl;lq;fis mlf;fp kiyNghy epiyj;j kd cWjpAld;
ngz;fs; Nghupl Kd;tu Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhu;. NghyNt rhjp rka NtWghL
fise;J> ngz;fs; jho;e;jtu;fs; vDk; jPa Nghf;ifnahopj;J>
cyfj;jpy; GJkhw;wk; gilj;J ngz; tpLjiyf; fPjk; ghbl Ntz;Lk;
vd;Wk; Nghypj; jiyikfisg; nghRf;fp> mtu;fspd; ngha;ikj;
jpiuapidf; fpopj;J jk; tpLjiy Ntl;ifapid epiwitw;wpf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk; vdTk; Cf;fg;gLj;Jfpwhu; ftpQu;.

NkYk; ,f;ftpijapy; ngz; cupikr; rpe;jidfSk;

jhuhskhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd. tpLjiy Ntl;ifAld; Gwg;gLk; ngz;fs;
mjidaila jk; cupikfis czu;e;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
vd;W mtu;fspd; cupikfs; gw;wpAk; NgRfpwJ ftpij. mt;tifapy;
13 | P a g e
ngz; fy;tp NgZjy;> ngz;Zupik NgRjy;> ngz; vz;zw;fupa
fiyfs; gilj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ,tw;Wf;nfjpuhd rpe;jidg;
Nghf;Fs;sstu;fisj; Juj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; $WfpwJ ftpij.
NghyNt ngz;Zf;F jdpePjp vd;W NgRtij ,y;yhnjhopj;J
ngz;Zf;F rkePjp fpilf;f top nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; $wf; fhzyhk;.
NkYk; khw;wk; fz;l ngz;fSf;fhd et khju; mwq;fs; gilj;J> GJ
Afj;ij cUthf;fp kiyafg; ngz;fs; jk; tho;tpdpy; cau;e;J tpsq;f
Ntz;Lnkd ngz; cupikr; rpe;jidfisg; NgRfpwJ ftpij.

mLj;J ,f;ftpijapy; mzpfspd; gad;ghL gw;wp

Nehf;FNthkhdhy; ctik> cUtf mzpfs; epiwe;J ftpijia NkYk;
moF gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ. mt;tifapy; jq;fj;jspu;> ntz;il tpuy;fs;>
nfz;il tpopfs;> ntl;ba nrbapy; Gilj;njOk; mUk;ngd NkYWk;
vz;zq;fs;> Fd;W epfu;j;j kdTWjp Nghd;w ctik mzpfisAk;
neQ;r Nkil> mbikr; rpiw kw;Wk; ngha;ikj; jpiu Nghd;w cUtf
mzpfisAk; ftpijapy; ifahz;bUf;ff; fhzyhk;. mJ NghyNt
vJif> Nkhid nrhy;yzpfSk; epiwe;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd. gf;f -
gf;Ftk;> vj;ju; - vd;Wk; Nghd;w Nkhid mzpfSk; rpf;f - J}f;fp>
vz;zk; - vz;zw; Nghd;w vJif mzpfSk; thrpf;fj; J}z;Lk;
tifapy; ftpijia nkUNfw;wpAs;sJ.

mLj;J ,f;ftpij ntspg;ghl;L KiwapYs;s rpwg;Gf;fis

Nehf;Ffpd;w NghJ kiyafg; ngz;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; ciug;gJ Nghy
ftpij mike;jpUg;gJ ftpijf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. NkYk;
kiyafg; ngz;fspd; tho;tpaypd; mDgtq;fspd; ntspg;ghlhf ftpij
mike;jpUg;gJ czu;T G+u;tkhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ngz; tpLjiy> ngz;
cupik vdg; Gul;rpfur; rpe;jidfspd; ntspg;ghlhfTk; tpLjiyapd;
ce;JNfhyhfTk; ftpij mikag;ngw;wpUg;gJ rpwg;Gf;FupaJ. ,d;Dk;
ctik> cUtfk;> vJif> Nkhid vd;w mzpfspd; gad;ghLfSk;
ftpijia nkUNfw;wpAs;sJ.

,t;thwhf 'GJikg; ngz;zha; khwpLNthk;” vDk; ftpij

ajhu;j;j jd;ikNahL thrfu;fs; kdjpy; mg;gpf; nfhz;L rpe;jidiaf;
fpsur; nra;Ak; tifapy; mike;jpUg;gJ mf;ftpijf;NfAupa
jdpj;JtkhFk;.

14 | P a g e
ftpijia thrpj;J mjd; fPo; jug;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfspd;/ njhlu;fspd;
mbg;gilapy; ftpijia eae;J Fiwe;jgl;rk; 200 nrhw;fspy;
vOJf.

NaR fpwp];J

<rd; te;J rpYitapy; khz;lhd;

vOe; Japu;j;jdd; ehs; xU %d;wpy;;
Ner kh kupah kf;jNydh
NeupNy ape;jr; nra;jpiaf; fz;lhs;’
Njrj;jPu;! ,jd; cl;nghUs; NfsPu;
Njtu; te;J ekf;Fl; GFe;Nj
ehr kpd;wp eik epj;jq; fhg;ghu;;
ek; m`e;ijia ehk; nfhd;W tpl;lhy;

md;G fhz; kupah kf;jNyeh

Mtp fhZjpu; NaR fpwp];J
Kd;G jPik tbtpidf; nfhd;why;
%d;W ehspdpy; ey;Yapu; Njhd;Wk;;
nghd; nghype;j Kfj;jpdpw; fz;Nl
Nghw;Wths; me;j ey;Yapu; jd;id;
md;ngDk; kupah kf;j Nyeh
M`! rhyg; ngUq;fsp ap/Nj

cz;ik nad;w rpYitapw; fl;b

czu;it Mzpj; jtq;nfhz; lbj;jhy;
tz;ikg; NgUapu; – NaR fpwp];J
thd Nkdpapy; mq;F tpsq;Fk;.
ngz;ik fhz; kupah kf;j Nyeh
NgZk; ey;ywk; NaR fpwp];J
Ez;ik nfhz;l nghUspJ fz;Bu;
nehbap yp/J gapd;wpl yhFk;.

15 | P a g e
(m) NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Fzg;gz;Gfs;
(M) kupah kf;jNyeh gw;wpa rpj;jpupg;G
(,) ghujpapd; Nehf;fpy; NaRtpd; capu;j;njOjy;
(<) mzpfspd; gad;ghL
(c) ,g;ghlypd; %yk; czu;j;jg;gLk; nra;jp
(5X6 = 30 Gs;spfs;)

NaR fpwp];J rpYitapy; miwag;gl;L %d;whk; capu;j;njOe;jhu;

vd;w epfo;it mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ghujpahu; vOjpa ftpijNa
'NaR fpwp];J” vDk; ftpijahFk;.

,f;ftpijapy; NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Fzg;gz;Gfshf epiwaNt

vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd. mtu; kz;zpy; Njhd;wpajd; fhuzNk
kf;fSf;F ed;ik cz;lhf;fNt vdr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. NkYk;
midtuhYk; ey;ywkhfg; Ngzg;glf; $batu;> mfe;ij ,y;yhj
cs;sq;fspy; FbapUe;J epj;jKk; capu;fisf; fhj;jUsf; $batu;>
vy;NyhuhYk; Nghw;wg;gLgtu;> nghypthd Njhw;wKilatu;> tz;ikg;
NgUapu;> jPikfisf; nfhd;nwhopj;jjd; %yk; kPz;Lk; capu;j;njOe;jtu;
vd;nwy;yhk; NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Fzg;gz;Gfs; ftpijapy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gijf; fhzyhk;.

mJ NghyNt kupah kf;jNyeh gw;wpAk; gythwhd rpj;jpupg;Gfs;

ftpijapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mt;tifapy; NaR fpwp];J capu;j;njOe;j
epfo;r;rpia NeupNy fz;ltuhfTk; Nerk; kpFe;jts; vdTk; md;gpd;
tbtkhdts; vd;Wk; NaR fpwp];Jit ey;ywkhfg; Ngzpg; Nghw;WksT
mtu; kPJ gf;jp nfhz;lts; vd;Wk; ngz;ikf;Fupa ey;ywq;fs;
epiwe;jtnsdTk; kupah kf;jNyeh rpj;jpupf;fg; gl;Ls;sijf; fhzyhk;.

mLj;J NaR fpwp];J capu;j;njOe;j epfo;r;rp gw;wpa ghujpapd;

Nehf;if Muhayhk;. rpYitapy; miwag;gl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;l NaR jd;
rPlu;fsplk; MUlk; $wpaJ NghyNt %d;whk; ehs; capu;j;njOfpwhu;.
mtu; mt;thW capu;j;njOtij kupNah kf;jNyeh vd;w ngz; NeupNy
fhz;fpwhs;. mtu; capu;j;njOe;jjw;F fhuzk; kf;fis ehrkpd;wpf;
fhj;jUsNt vd;fpwhu; ghujp. mt;thW NaR ehju; kf;fisf; fhj;jUs
Ntz;Lkhf ,Ue;jhy; ehd; vd;w mfe;ijiaf; nfhd;nwhopf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;Wk; clypd; jPik tbtj;jpid mopj;J %d;whk; ehs; ey;Yapuhfj;
Njhw;wk; ngw;wtu; vd;Wk; cz;ikiar; rpYitahfr; Rke;J
czTu;fisj; jtkhff; fl;Lg;gLj;jp tho;e;jjd; NgwhfNt ,t;thW

16 | P a g e
rpwg;ghd capuhf mtuhy; kyu Kbe;jJ vd;Wk; ftpijapD}Nl $wp
epw;fpwhu; ghujp.

njhlu;e;J ftpijapy; mzpfspd; gad;ghL gw;wp

Nehf;FNthkhdhy; ftpQu; jhuhskhfNt mzpfisf; ifahz;L
ftpijia nkUNfw;wpAs;shu;. 'nghd; nghype;j Kfk;” vd;w ctik
%yk; NaR fpwp];Jtpd; Kfk; nghd; Nghd;W nghypTw;wpUe;jijf;
fhl;bAs;shu;. NghyNt cUtf mzpfSk; epiwaNt ifahsg;
gl;Ls;sd. md;ngDk; kupNah kf;jNyeh> cz;iknad;w rpYit>
Mzpj;jtk;> tz;ikg; NgUapu;> thd Nkdp Nghd;w cUtf mzpfis
vLj;Jf; fhl;lyhk;. ,J jtpuTk; vJif> Nkhid nrhy;yzpfSk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. <rd; - Nerd; - Njrk; - ehrk;> md;G - Kd;G - nghd;
- md;G Nghd;wtw;wpy; vJifiaAk; Nerk; - NeupNy> Njrj;jPu; - Njtu;>
cz;ik - czu;T Nghd;wtw;wpy; NkhidiaAk; fhzyhk;.

,f;ftpijapD}lhff; ftpQu; czu;j;j tpioAk; nra;jpAk;

,Uf;fj;jhd; nra;fpwJ. NaR fpwp];J capu;j;njOe;j nra;jpia kl;LNk
$wf; ftpij mikatpy;iy. khwhf mjD}lhf epiwa tpOkpaf;
fUj;Jf;fisAk; nra;jpfisAk; czu;j;j tpiofpwhu; ftpQu;. me;j
tifapy; vkJ cs;sj;jpNy fhzg;gLk; mfe;ijiaf; nfhd;nwhopj;jhy;
,iwtdpd; Mrpu;thjj;ijg; ngwyhk; vd;Wk; jPa nray;fis
tpl;nlhopj;J cz;ik> ePjp> ey;nyz;zq;fs;> Kaw;rp vd;gd
ek;kplkpUf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; Gjpa kdpjuha; tho;tpy; kyu;e;J nfhs;syhk;
vd;Wk; ,jD}lhfNt tho;tpd; NgW fhzyhk; vd;Wk; czu;j;jg;gLfpwJ.
NkYk; md;G epiwe;jtu;fshfTk; ngz;ikiag; Nghw;Wgtu;fshfTk;
ehkpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w nra;jpAk; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,tw;iwnay;yhk; iff;
nfhz;L tho;f;ifapy; ,iwtid czu vkf;F xU nehbNa
NghJkhdJ vdr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

,t;thwhf NaR fpwp];J vDk; ftpij eaKk; tpOkpaKk;

epiwe;J rpwg;ghf mikag; ngw;Ws;sijf; fhzyhk;.

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ftpijia thrpj;J mjd; fPo; jug;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfspd;/ njhlu;fspd;
mbg;gilapy; ftpijia eae;J Fiwe;jgl;rk; 200 nrhw;fspy;
vOJf.

J}u;

Ntg;gk; G+ kpjf;Fk;
vq;fs; tPl;L fpzw;wpy;
J}u; thUk; cw;rtk;
tUlj;Jf;F xU Kiw
tpN\rkhf elf;Fk;.

Mo; ePUf;Fs;
mg;gh Kq;f Kq;f
mjpraq;fs; NkNy tUk;...
nfhl;lhq;Fr;rp> Nfhyp> fuz;b>
JUg;gpbj;jf; fl;ilNahL
cs; tpOe;j uhl;bdk;>
Ntiyf;fhup jpUbajha;
re;Njfg;gl;l nts;sp lk;su;...
vLg;Nghk; epiwaNt

‘NrWlh NrWlh’ ntd

mk;kh mjl;Lths;
vd;whYk;
re;Njh\k; fiyf;f
ahUf;F kdk; tUk;?

gil ntd;w tPudha;

jiyePu; nrhl;lr; nrhl;l
mg;gh NkNy tUthu;.

,d;W tiu mk;kh

fjTf;Fg; gpd;dpUe;Jjhd;
mg;ghNthL NgRfpwhs;.

18 | P a g e
 filrp tiu mg;ghTk;
kwe;Njg; Nghdhu;
kdRf;Fs; J}u; vLf;f.

(m) ftpijapd; gpd;dzp

(M) Ntiyf;fhup gw;wpa gpk;gk; ftpijapy; jfu;f;fg;gLk; tpjk;
(,) ftpijapy; ifahsg;gl;Ls;s mzpg; gad;ghL
(<) ftpijapy; NkNyhq;fpapUf;Fk; Mzhjpf;fk;
(c) ftpijapy; fhZk; ftpj;Jtk;
(5X6 = 30 Gs;spfs;)
eh. Kj;Jf;Fkhu; mtu;fshy; vOjg;gl;l 'J}u;” vDk; ftpij
mtUila gl;lhk;G+r;rp tpw;gtd; vd;w njhFg;gpy; cs;sjhFk;.
tho;tpay; ajhu;j;jj;jpd; njhdpahd ,f;ftpijapd; gpd;dzp gw;wpg;
gpd;tUkhW Nehf;fyhk;.

tUlj;jpw;F xUKiw FLk;gj;jtu;fspd; gq;F gw;WjYld;

tpNrlkhfj; J}u; thu;jy; epfo;T ,lk;ngWk;. mjhtJ fpzw;Wf;Fs; jtwp
tpOk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; ghrp> NrW> Fg;ig> $sq;fis mfw;wp
fpzw;iwr; Rj;jg; gLj;Jk; eilKiwiaNa J}u; thu;jy; / J}u; vLj;jy;
vd;gu;. ,e;epfo;Tld; njhlu;G gLj;jp FLk;gq;fspy; Mz;fspd; kdjpy;
gbe;J NghAs;s Mzhjpf;f mOf;Ffisr; Rj;jg;gLj;j
epidahjpUg;Nghiur; rhLk; tpjj;jpy; vOjg;gl;lNj J}u; vDk; ,f;
ftpijahFk;. ,JNt ,f;ftpijapd; gpd;dzpahf cs;sJ.

tWikapy; coy;gtu;fs;> Viofs;> Ntiyf;fhuu;fs; Nghd;Nwhu;

kPJ r%fk; jpzpf;f Kw;gLfpd;w xU ghu;itiaf; ftpijapy;
fl;Lilg;Gr; nra;jpUf;fpwhu; ftpQu;. me;j tifapy; tPl;L Ntiyapd;
NghJ fhzhky; Nghfpd;w nghUl;fSf;F Ntiyf; fhuu;fisr; re;Njfk;
nfhs;Sk; tPl;Lf; fhuu;fspd; ghu;it> nts;sp lk;su; fhzhkw; Nghd
NghJ ,tu;fSf;Fk; Vw;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; J}u; vLf;Fk; NghJ ntspg;gl;l
nts;sp lk;su; Ntiyf;fhup gw;wpa mtu;fspd; gpk;gj;ij jfu;j;J
tpLfpwJ. mq;Nf ntspg;gl;lJ nts;sp lk;su; kl;Lky;y ,tu;fspd;
re;Njfj;Jf;Fupa tpilAk; jhd;.

ftpijapd; eaj;Jf;Fg; gq;fspf;Fk; tifapy; mzpfisg;

gad;gLj;JtJ ftpQu;fspd; tof;fk;. mt;tifapy; eh. Kj;Jf;Fkhu;
mtu;fSk; ,f;ftpijapy; mu;j;jk; epiwe;j ctikazpapidg;

19 | P a g e
gad;gLj;jp cs;shu;. fpzw;Wf;FspUe;J J}u; vLj;J tpl;L ntspNa tUk;
mg;ghitg; gif ntd;w tPuDf;F ctkpj;Js;shu; ftpQu;. fpzw;iwr;
Rj;jg;gLj;jp Kbe;jJk; vijNah rhjpj;j ngUkpjj;Jld; ntspNa tUk;
mg;ghtpDila kpLf;fhd Njhw;wj;jpw;F gif ntd;w tPudpd; kpLf;fhd
Njhw;wk; ctkhdkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
NkYk; mg;gh fpzw;Wf;Fs; ,wq;fpj; J}u; vLf;Fk;
Mw;wYs;stuhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk; mk;khTld; Gupe;Jzu;TlNdh
md;GlNdh gofhjtuhf> mk;kh ,ay;ghf ,Uf;f tha;g;gspf;fhjtuhfNt
,Uf;fpwhu; vd;gijg; gpd;tUk; ftpij tupfs; fhl;Lfpd;wd.
“,d;W tiu mk;kh
fjTfspd; gpd;dpUe;J jhd;
mg;ghNthL NgRfpwhs;" .

,q;F ngz; Rje;jpuk; kWf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjhL MZf;F epfuhfg;

Ngrf; $ba tha;g;G ,y;yhky; NghAs;sJ vd;w cz;ik njspthfpwJ.
NkYk;
“..........mg;gh kwe;Nj Nghdhu;
kdRf;Fs; J}nuLf;f"
vd;w tupfSk; $l Mzhjpf;fj;jpd; gpujpgypg;ghfNt cs;sJ
vdyhk;. ,t;thW NkNyhq;fp ,Uf;Fk; Mzhjpf;fj;ij ,f;ftpij
fhl;LfpwJ.

,j;jifa ftpijapy; ftpQu; jd; ftpj;Jtj;ij rpwg;ghff;

ifahz;bUf;fpwhu;. J}u; thUk; epfo;T tUlj;jpw;F xUKiw midtuJ
gq;fspg;GlDk; tpNrlkhf eilngWtjdhy; J}u; thUk; 'cw;rtk;”
vd;fpwhu; ftpQu;. NkYk; mg;ghtpd; (Mz;fspd;) kdjpDs;
Njq;fpapUf;Fk; mOf;Ffisj; J}u; vd;w epfo;Tld; njhlu;GgLj;jpf;
$wpapUf;ff; fhzyhk;. fpzw;iwr; Rj;jg; gLj;Jk; mg;gh jd; kdjpw;Fs;
ngz; mbik vd;w tplaj;ijAk; Mzhjpf;fj;ijAk; Gijj;J
itj;Js;sij ftpijapd; filrp tupfspy; fd fr;rpjkha; ntspg;gLj;jp
tpLfpwhu;. NkYk; J}u; vLj;J tpl;L ntspNa tUk; mg;ghitg; gif
ntd;w tPuDf;F ctkpg;gJk; ftpQupd; ftpj;Jtj;jpw;F rpwe;j
vLj;Jf;fhl;Nl MFk;.
,t;thwhf ftpQu; [Link];Jf;Fkhupd; J}u; vd;w ftpij
rhjhuzkhff; FLk;gq;fspy; NkNyhq;fp ,Uf;Fk; Mzhjpf;fj;ijg; gw;wp
rpe;jid miyfis vOg;Gtjw;F gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpwJ vdyhk;.

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ftpijia thrpj;J mjd; fPo; jug;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfspd;/ njhlu;fspd;
mbg;gilapy; ftpijia eae;J Fiwe;jgl;rk; 200 nrhw;fspy;
vOJf.

mofhd xU Nrhbf; fz;fs;

mofhd xU Nrhbf; fz;fs; – mit

mk;Gfs; gha;r;rp csnky;yhk; Gz;fs;!

Gtpapay; fw;wpLk; Ntis – mit

GifAs;Ns kpd;dpr; rpupj;jpLk; fhiy
jtpj;Jj; Jbg;gnjd; Ntiy – fy;tp
jq;Ftnjq;Nf kdk; xU ghiy!

Ml;rpapapy; kWghlk; – ehd;

mq;fpUg;Ngd; kdk; vq;Nfh XLk;!
Ml;rp nra;AKidr; rhLk; – ehd;
Mopr; Ropapy; kpje;jpLk; Xlk;!

jha; nkhopg; ghlk; elf;Fk; – eiw

jhq;fpa fz;fNsh gpd;dybf;Fk;!
“Va;!” vd;W vd;idg; gpbf;Fk; – kdk;
vg;gbf; fz;Nz ghlk; gbf;Fk;.?

jj;Jtg; ghlk; elf;Fk; – mit

jj;jpj; jpkpf;fp ,ikfs; kbf;Fk;!
tpj;ijapy; gpj;Jg; gpbf;Fk; – ek;
tPl;lhu; mwpe;jhy; fd;dk; jbf;Fk;

(m) ftpij tptupf;Fk; tplak;

(M) ftpQu; jd;idAk; jd; kdijAk; vt;thnwy;yhk; cUtfpf;fpwhu;
(,) fhjy; tag;gl;ltdpd; cs;sj; jtpg;G
(<) mofhd xU Nrhbf; fz;fSk; mit Vw;gLj;Jk; jhf;fq;fSk;
(c) mzpfspd; gad;ghLk; re;jKk;
(5X6 = 30 Gs;spfs;)
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 ghtyu; g]Py; fhupag;gu; vOjp nky;ypirg; ghlyhf ,yq;if
thndhypapy; xypgug;gg;gl;l ,f;ftpij gyUk; urpj;Jg; gbf;Fk;
tifapy; mikag;ngw;Ws;sJ.

mj;jifa ,f;ftpij ntspg;gLj;Jk; tplak; gw;wp Nehf;fpdhy;>

xU ngz;zpd; mofhd xU Nrhbf; fz;fisf; fz;lJk; mJ
tFg;giwapy; ghlk; fw;wpLk; xU khztdpd; cs;sj;jpy; Vw;gLj;Jk;
jhf;fj;ijAk; ghlj;jpy; ftdk; nrYj;j Kbahky; mtd; gLk;
jtpg;igAk; tptupf;fpd;wJ. ftpijapy; khztdpd; Fuyhf ftpQNu
NgRfpwhu;

me;j tifapy; ,f;ftpijapy; ftpQu; jd;idAk; jd; kdijAk;

gpd;tUkhW cUtfpj;Jf; $wf; fhzyhk;. xU Nrhbf; fz;fspd; mofpy;
rpf;fpj; jtpf;Fk; mtu; kdJ ghlk; jq;fhky; tuz;L fplg;gjhy; 'kdk;
xU ghiy” vd cUtfpf;fpwhu;. NghyNt me;j mofhd Nrhbf; fz;fspy;
kaq;fp epiyaw;W epw;Fk; jd;id cUtfpj;Jf; $w 'ehd; Mopr;Ropapy;
kpje;jpLk; Xlk;” vd;fpwhu;.

,t;thW mofhd xU Nrhbf; fz;fspd; ghu;itahy;

jhf;fg;gl;ltdpd; cs;sj; jtpg;Gk; mjdhy; kdjpNy fy;tp jq;fhky;
mtd; gLk; ghLk; mofhff; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;jLkhw;wq;fshy; Mopr;
Ropapy; kpje;jpLk; Xlkhf mtd; xUepiyaw;Wj; jtpg;gjhfTk; mts;
ghu;it gLk; Nghnjy;yhk; mtd; jd;idNa kwe;J mjpy; kaq;fp
epw;gjhfTk; $wg;gLfpwJ. mj;NjhL ghlj;ijf; ftdpf;f Kbahky;
mtd; gLk; ghl;il tPl;lhu; mwpa Neupl;lhy; fd;dk; jbf;Fk; vd;w
mr;rj;Jldhd cs;sf; fplf;ifAk; ntspg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thwhf ftpij
KOf;f fhjy; tag;gl;ltdpd; cs;sj; jtpg;G ntspg;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ.

mLj;J me;j mofhd Nrhbf; fz;fs; mtdpy; Vw;gLj;Jk;

jhf;fq;fs; gw;wpg; ghu;f;fyhk;. mofhd xU Nrhbf; fz;fspd; ghu;it
mk;Gfs; mtidj; ijj;jJk; mtd; cs;snky;yhk; Gz;zhfpg; NghdJ
vd;Wk; mj;jifa fz;fspd; mofpy; rpf;fpj; jtpg;gjhy; Gtpapay;
ghlj;jpd; NghJ ghlk; kdjpy; cs;thq;fg;glhky; ghiy epykhfpf;
fplg;gjhfTk; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,d;Dk; mf;fz;fspd; mofpy; kaq;fpa
mtd;> Ml;rpapay; ghl Ntisapy; mg;ghlj;ij xU kdNjhL ftdpf;f
Kbahky; Mopr; Ropapy; kpje;jpLk; Xlkhfj; jj;jspf;fpwhd; vd;Wk; jha;
nkhopg; ghlk; eilngWk; NghJ me;j mofhd Nrhbf; fz;fs; ghlk;
gbf;f tplhky; jd;id 'Va;” vd;W jd; gf;fk; ,Oj;Jg; gpbg;gjhfTk;

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jj;Jtg; ghl Ntisapd; NghJ Nrhbf; fz;fspd; kaf;Fk; tpj;ij fz;L
mtDf;F gpj;Jg; gpbg;gjhfTk; $wg;gLfpwJ.

ftpQu; ifahz;bUf;Fk; mzpfspd; gad;ghL ftpijf;F NkYk;

moF Nru;j;jpUf;fpd;wJ. cUtf mzpfSld; vJif> Nkhidr;
nrhy;yzpfSk; ftpijapy; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd. kdk; xU ghiy>
ehd; Mopr; Ropapy; kpje;jpLk; Xlk; vd;gd cUtf mzpfshfTk; jj;Jt
- jj;jp - tpj;ij vd vJif mzpfSk; Gtp - Gif> jj;Jt - jj;jp
vd Nkhid mzpfSk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gJ ftpijf;F uridiaAk;
Xir eaj;ijAk; toq;fpapUf;fpwJ. NghyNt ftpijapd; tupfs;
epiwTWk; njhlu;fspNy xj;jpirthd nrhw;fs; ,lk;ngw;wpUg;gJ
ftpijf;Fupa re;jj;ij nkUNfw;wpAs;sijAk; fhzyhk;.

(c+k;)
fz;fs; - Gz;fs;
fhiy - ghiy
XLk; - Xlk;
gpd;dybf;Fk; - gbf;Fk;
kbf;Fk; - jbf;Fk;

,t;thwhf mofhd xU Nrhbf; fz;fs; vd;w ftpij gy

eaq;fs; epuk;gg;ngw;W gbf;Fk; thrfu; kdij <u;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk; gbahf
mikag;ngw;Ws;sJ vdyhk;.

23 | P a g e