Computer Programming - Python (Assessment Test – II Answers)

PART-A (2 Marks Answers)

1. Define a nested loop with an example.

A nested loop is a loop inside another loop. The inner loop will run completely for
every single iteration of the outer loop. Nested loops are used when we need to perform
repeated operations inside another repeated process, such as printing patterns or working
with multi-dimensional data.

Example:

for i in range(3): # Outer loop

for j in range(2): # Inner loop

print(i, j)

In this example, the inner loop executes 2 times for each iteration of the outer loop.

2. What is the difference between function definition and function call?

A function definition is the process of creating a function with a name, parameters, and a
block of code to perform a task. It tells Python what the function does.

Example:

def greet():

print("Hello")

A function call is the process of executing the code written inside the function definition. It
tells Python to run the function.

Example:

greet()

3. What is the use of the pass statement in Python?

The pass statement in Python is a null statement used as a placeholder. It is used when a
statement is required syntactically but you do not want to execute any code. It helps avoid
syntax errors during program [Link]:

for i in range(5):

pass # Placeholder for future code

4. Define anonymous function and give one Python example.

An anonymous function is a function without a name, created using the lambda

keyword. It is mainly used for small one-line operations.

Example:

square = lambda x: x * x

print(square(5)) # Output: 25

5. Write a simple Python function greet() that prints "Good Morning!".

Program:

def greet():

print("Good Morning!")

greet()

This function definition and call prints the message “Good Morning!” on execution.

Below are detailed answers for Part-B based on your question paper.

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✅ PART-B – Detailed Answers

Question 6(a)

Write a Python program to test whether a given year is leap year or not.

A year is a leap year if:

It is divisible by 4

If it is divisible by 100, it must also be divisible by 400

This rule ensures that the calendar stays in alignment with Earth’s revolution around the
Sun.
Program

year = int(input("Enter a year: "))

if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):

print(year, "is a Leap Year")

else:

print(year, "is Not a Leap Year")

Explanation

year % 4 == 0: checks divisibility by 4

year % 100 != 0: ensures years like 1900 are not leap years

year % 400 == 0: makes years like 2000 leap years

This ensures accurate leap year calculation.

Question 6(b)

Write a function calc() to perform addition, subtraction & multiplication using if-elif-else.

Functions help modularize code. The below function accepts two numbers and an operator,
then performs the respective operation.

Program

def calc(a, b, op):

if op == "+":

return a + b

elif op == "-":

return a - b

elif op == "*":

return a * b

else:
 return "Invalid Operator"

# Function Call

num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))

num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))

operator = input("Enter operator (+, -, *): ")

result = calc(num1, num2, operator)

print("Result =", result)

Explanation

Function calc() receives three arguments (a, b, op)

if-elif-else used to check operator and perform operation

Invalid operator handled by else

Question for 6(b)

Types of function arguments in Python with examples

Argument Type Description Example

Positional arguments Values passed in order add(10, 20)

Keyword arguments Parameter name used while calling add(a=10, b=20)

Default arguments Parameter has default value def greet(name="Guest")

Variable-length arguments Accepts multiple values def sum(*n)

Examples
# Positional Argument

def add(a, b):

print(a + b)

add(10, 20)

# Keyword Argument

add(a=5, b=15)

# Default Argument

def greet(name="Guest"):

print("Hello", name)

greet()

greet("Ram")

# Variable Length Argument

def total(*nums):

s=0

for i in nums:

s += i

print("Total =", s)

total(10, 20, 30, 40)

Question 7(a)

Differentiate formal and actual arguments

Feature Formal Arguments Actual Arguments

Meaning Variables in function definition Values supplied during function call

Purpose Receive data Provide data

Example def add(a, b): → a, b add(10, 20) → 10, 20

Example

def add(x, y): # x & y are formal arguments

print(x + y)

add(5, 3) # 5 & 3 are actual arguments

Question 7(b)

Write a program using for loop to find the sum of even and odd numbers from 1 to 100

Program

sum_even = 0

sum_odd = 0

for i in range(1, 101):

if i % 2 == 0:

sum_even += i

else:

sum_odd += i

print("Sum of Even Numbers =", sum_even)

print("Sum of Odd Numbers =", sum_odd)

Explanation

Loop runs from 1 to 100

% 2 == 0 → even numbers

Separate sums maintained and printed

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Question 7(b)

What is a lambda function? How is it different from a normal function?

Lambda function = Small anonymous function defined using lambda keyword.

Lambda Function Normal Function

Single expression Multiple statements allowed

Anonymous (no name)Has a name

Used for short tasks Used for complex logic

Examples

# Lambda function

square = lambda x: x * x

print(square(5))

# Normal function

def square_fn(x):

return x * x

print(square_fn(5))

# Lambda with two arguments

add = lambda a, b: a + b

print(add(10, 20))

PART-C – 14 MARKS
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8(a) Discuss different types of loops in Python (for, while, nested loops) with syntax and
programs for each.

Looping statements are used to execute a block of code repeatedly until a certain condition
is satisfied. Python provides for loop, while loop, and nested loops.

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⭐ 1. For Loop

A for loop is used to iterate over a sequence like list, string, tuple, or range.

Syntax

for variable in sequence:

statement(s)

Example – Printing numbers 1 to 5

for i in range(1, 6):

print(i)
Explanation

range(1,6) generates values from 1 to 5

Loop runs once for every value of i

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⭐ 2. While Loop

A while loop executes a block of code as long as the condition is true.

Syntax

while condition:

statement(s)

Example – Print 1 to 5

i=1

while i <= 5:

print(i)

i += 1
Explanation

Loop runs until i becomes 6

i += 1 increments value in each iteration

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⭐ 3. Nested Loop

A nested loop is a loop inside another loop. It is used to handle multi-level iteration, such as
printing patterns or working with matrices.

Syntax

for i in range(n):

for j in range(m):

statement

Example – Print pattern

for i in range(1, 4):

for j in range(1, 4):

print(i, j)
Output

11

12

13

21

22

23

31

32

33

8(b) OR – Discuss importance of return statement in functions with examples

The return statement in Python is used to send a result back from a function to the calling
program. It ends the function execution and returns a value. It improves reusability and
modularity.

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⭐ Importance of Return Statement

Importance Explanation

Returns value to caller Helps use result elsewhere

Ends function execution No code after return will execute

Allows multiple values Python can return tuple values

Useful in real programs Used in calculations, APIs, DB functions

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✅ 1. Function returning a single value

def square(x):

return x * x

result = square(5)

print("Square =", result)

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✅ 2. Function returning multiple values

Python allows returning multiple values separated by commas. They are returned as a
tuple.

def calc(a, b):

add = a + b

sub = a - b

mul = a * b

return add, sub, mul

x, y, z = calc(10, 5)

print("Addition:", x)

print("Subtraction:", y)

print("Multiplication:", z)

Output

Addition: 15

Subtraction: 5

Multiplication: 50

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✅ 3. Function without return statement

If return keyword is not used, Python returns None by default.

def greet():

print("Good Morning!")

result = greet()

print(result) # Output: None