Capt.

KTNAING |

OOW Oral
FFA
SOLAS Chapter II-2 - Construction - Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction

"A" class divisions are formed by bulkheads and decks

.1. constructed of steel or other equivalent material;
.2. suitably stiffened;
.3. insulated with approved non-combustible materials
-the average temperature of the unexposed side will not rise more than 140°C above the
original temperature,
- nor will the temperature, at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 180°C above
the original temperature,
within the time listed below:
class "A-60" 60 min
class "A-30" 30 min
class "A-15" 15 min
class "A-0" 0 min
.4. capable of preventing the passage of smoke and flame to the end of the one-hour
standard fire test;

"B" class divisions are formed by bulkheads, decks, ceilings or linings

.1. constructed of approved non-combustible materials
.2. they have an insulation value such that
-the average temperature of the unexposed side will not rise more than 140°C above the
original temperature,
-nor will the temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 225°C above
the original temperature,
within the time listed below:
class "B-15" 15 min
class "B-0" 0 min
.3. capable of preventing the passage of flame to the end of the first half hour of the standard
fire test.

"C" class divisions are constructed of approved non-combustible materials.

- neither requirements relative to the passage of smoke and flame
- nor limitations relative to the temperature rise.

Main vertical zones are sections into which the hull, superstructure and deckhouses are divided by
- "A" class divisions,
- the mean length and width of which on any deck does not exceed 40 m.

Public spaces are portions of the accommodation which are used for halls, dining rooms, lounges
and similar permanently enclosed spaces.

Service spaces are spaces used for galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, lockers, mail
and specie rooms, storerooms, workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces.

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Diameter of fire mains

The diameter of the fire main and water service pipes shall be sufficient for the effective
distribution from two fire pumps simultaneously, except that in the case of cargo ships the
diameter need only be sufficient for the discharge of 140 m3/h.

Isolating valves and relief valves

- To separate the machinery space fire main from the rest of the fire main
- Shall be fitted outside the machinery spaces.
- When the isolating valves are shut all the hydrants on the ship, (except those in the machinery
space), can be supplied with water by another fire pump or an emergency fire pump.
- In tankers, isolation valves shall be fitted in on the tank deck at intervals of not more than 40 m.

Number and position of hydrants

- At least two jets of water (not from the same hydrant), may reach any part of the ship.
- Hydrants shall be positioned near the accesses to the protected spaces.

Pressure at hydrants
With the two pumps simultaneously delivering water the following minimum pressures shall be
maintained at all hydrants:
for cargo ships:
6,000 gross tonnage and upwards 0.27 N/mm2
less than 6,000 gross tonnage 0.25 N/mm2

International shore connection

Ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards shall be provided with at least one international shore
connection on either side of the ship.

Fire pumps

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Sanitary, ballast, bilge or general service pumps may be accepted as fire pumps, they are not
normally used for pumping oil.

Number of fire pumps

- Over1000 GT at least 2 fire pumps. (both independently driven)
- Less than 1000 GT at least 2 fire pump, at least one independently driven.

Capacity of each fire pump

- Each fire pumps shall have a capacity not less than 80% of the total required capacity divided by
the minimum number of fire pumps but in any case not less than 25 m3/h
- Each pump shall be capable of delivering at least the two jets of water

Fire hoses construction

- shall be of non-perishable material
- shall be sufficient in length
- Each hose shall be provided with a nozzle / couplings/ fittings and tools.

Length of Fire hose

shall have a length of at least 10 m, but not more than:
- 15 m in machinery spaces;
- 20 m in other spaces and open decks; and
- 25 m for open decks on ships with a maximum breadth in excess of 30 m.

Number and diameter of fire hoses

In cargo ships:
 Number of fire hose :
o 1000 GT and above - 1 fire hose /30m length and one spare. But not less than 5.
o Ships less than 1000GT- 1 fire hose per 30m length but not less than 3.
 Size and types of nozzles
o Standard sizes 12 mm, 16 mm and 19 mm.
o For accommodation and service spaces, not greater than 12 mm.
o For machinery spaces and exterior locations, greater than 19 mm need not be used
o Nozzles shall be dual-purpose type (i.e., spray/jet type).

Portable fire extinguishers

 Accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations shall be provided with portable
fire extinguishers.
 Over 1,000 GT shall carry at least five portable fire extinguishers.
 CO2 not used in Accommodation spaces.

Spare charges for portable fire extinguisher

 100% for first 10, then 50% for remaining able to be recharged onboard.
(e.g., total 30 onboard, 100% for 1st 10 = 10, then remaining is 20, 50% for remaining 20 =
10, so total spare = 20)
 If cannot be recharged additional extinguishers the same type should be carried.

Types of fixed fire-extinguishing systems

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- a fixed gas fire-extinguishing system

- a fixed high-expansion foam fire-extinguishing system
- a fixed pressure water-spraying fire-extinguishing system
(Halon shall be prohibited.)

Fire extinguishing arrangements in machinery spaces

- Machinery spaces containing oil-fired boilers shall be provided with any one of the fixed fire-
extinguishing systems.
In addition
In each boiler room at least one portable foam applicator unit.
At least two portable foam extinguishers in each boiler room.
Not less than one approved foam-type extinguisher of at least 135 l capacity.
(In case of domestic boilers of less than 175 kW, foam 135 l capacity is not required.)
- Machinery spaces containing internal combustion machinery shall be provided with one of
the fixed fire-extinguishing systems.
In addition
At least one portable foam applicator unit.
Foam-type fire extinguishers, ( at least 45 l )
sufficient foam extinguishers (at least 2 for within 10m walking distance)

Paint lockers shall be protected by:

o a carbon dioxide system,
o a dry powder system,
o a water spraying or sprinkler system, which may be connected to the fire main of the ship

Deep-fat cooking equipment

Deep-fat cooking equipment shall be fitted with the following:
o an automatic or manual fire-extinguishing system .
o an alarm
o Automatically shutting off the electrical

Fixed gas fire-extinguishing systems for general cargo

Cargo spaces of 2,000 gross tonnage and upwards shall be protected by a fixed carbon dioxide or
inert gas fire-extinguishing system.
The Administration may exempt, solely intended for, the carriage of ore, coal, grain, unseasoned
timber, non-combustible cargoes or cargoes which.

Protection of Cargo tank and cargo Pump Rooms in tankers

Cargo Tank is protected by Fixed Deck Foam fire-extinguishing systems.
Cargo pump-room in Tankers shall be provided with one of the following fixed fire-
extinguishing systems
o CO2
o A high-expansion foam
o A fixed pressure water-spraying

Numbers of fire-fighter’s outfits

Ships shall carry at least two fire-fighter’s outfits.

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In addition, in tankers, two fire-fighter’s outfits.

Two spare charges for each required breathing apparatus.
Ship equipped with mean of recharging, need one spare charge for each apparatus.

Fire-fighter’s communication
a minimum of 2 two-way portable radiotelephone (explosion-proof type) for each fire party for
fire-fighter’s communication shall be carried on board.

Emergency escape breathing devices (EEBD)

EEBD shall comply with the Fire Safety Systems Code. Spare shall be kept onboard.
at least two EEBD within accommodation spaces.
In all passenger ships, at least two shall be carried in each main vertical zone.
ships carrying more than 36 passengers, two EEBD, in addition to, shall be carried in each main
vertical zone.

Onboard training and drills

to be familiar with operation of any FFA.
- Every crew - at least one abandon ship drill and one fire drill every month.
- carried out within 24 h of the ship leaving a port if more than 25% of the crew have not
participated in abandon ship and fire drills in the previous month.
- service for the first time, after modification or when a new crew is engaged, these drills shall be
held before sailing.
- Record in logbook.
Training manuals
- in each crew mess room and recreation room or in each crew cabin.
- written in the working language.
- explain the following in detail:
o general fire safety practice and precautions;
o general instructions on fire-fighting activities and fire-fighting procedures;
o meanings of alarms;
o operation and use of fire-fighting systems and appliances;
o use of fire doors;
o use of fire and smoke dampers; and
o escape systems and appliances

Fire control plans

 General Arrangement plans shall be permanently exhibited for the guidance of the ship’s
officers, showing
 Location of all control stations.
 Sections enclosed by 'A' class divisions, 'B' class divisions.
 Fire detection and fire alarm systems.
 Sprinkler system - if applicable.
 Location of portable and fixed fire-fighting appliances.
 Fan control positions and the dampers,
 Provide this information in booklet form and give one to each officer.
 additional booklets to be readily-accessible on the ship.
 Record all alterations to plans or booklets as soon as possible.

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 in the working language of the ship. If not English or French, provide a translation.
 To assist shore-side fire fighters, place a copy in a weather tight container outside the
deckhouse

Fire safety operation booklets

- in each crew mess room and recreation room or in each crew cabin.
- written in the working language of the ship.
Class of Fire?

Fire wallet?
Duplicate set of fire control plans permanently stored in a prominently marked weathertight
enclosure outside the deckhouse for the assistance of shore-side fire-fighting personnel.
Content of Fire Wallet
Up to date stability information. (when using water caused stability effect)
Up to date crew list. (for head count)
Copy of ship contingency plans. (confirm duties of each crew)
Copy of emergency contact details. (to contact if necessary)
Copy of ventilation fire flap shut off points.
Cargo plan and dangerous goods plan (to know fire hazard materials’ location)

CO2 test ( 2 years/5 years/ 10 years)

CO2 room maintenance
Annual : Visual inspection (external)
2 yearly : weighted (or by ultrasonic level detector) all cylinder and if not > 95%
then refill and blow air.
5 yearly : Internal inspection of control valves
Breathing apparatus (hydro test).

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10 Yearly : hydro test to 10% of cylinder if fail, test 50% if fill test all, replace
flexible hoses

Type of Detector, distance apart, test duration?

 heat Detectors,
 smoke Detectors (stairways, corridors and escape routes within accommodation spaces)
 flame Detectors
Type of Floor area per Max distance apart Max distance away
2
detector detector (m ) between centres(m) from bulkhead(m)
Heat 37 9 4.5
Smoke 74 11 5.5

SCBA test
Apparatus Leak Test
 Switch off the demand valve.
 Open the cylinder valve slowly, close it and observe the gauge. It should not fall more than
10 bar per minute.
Test the whistle
 Open Cylinder Valve, the air will be entering,
 Close the valve and demand valve is slowly opened,
 when the pressure is decreasing alarm whistle will sound at 1200 l.
Check for positive pressure
 Put the facemask on. Turn the demand valve on.
 Lift the mask seal off the face; air pressure should flow out of the mask. This proves there
is positive pressure.
 Allow the mask to re-seal. Hold breath; check there is no leakage from the exhale valve.
 There should be a constant flow of air from the demand valve.
Check Face Mask for Leakage
Turn off Cylinder valve, inhale/ breath until facemask closed to face, hold breath for 10s. if
there is no leak , the mask will still closed to the face. If there is any leak, pull and adjust the
straps.
Don the apparatus
 Check all straps are in good condition. Tighten the straps so the cylinder fits snugly on the
back. The facemask should hang around the neck.
 With the demand valve off, turn on the cylinder slowly
Checks Before Use
Check the Actual Pressure Gauge
Turn the cylinder on fully and check the reading on the pressure gauge.

Fire training manual proper name?

Fire safety operation booklets

SOLAS Ch II-2 Construction Fire protection / detection/extinction –explain with example

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Fire protection : Fire division, fire door,

Fire Detection : Fire/smoke detector, Fire Alarm,
Fire extinction : Fire pump, fire Main, Fire line

FFE certificate /FFE example

Fire extinguishers servicing certificates, CO2 certificate(annual), CO2 Valve internal inspection
certificate( 5 yearly), CO2 weight checked certificate, Fire extinguisher/CO2 10 yearly Hydrotest
certificate, BA bottle 5 yearly hydrotest certificate, etc.

At Fire Triangle which one is the easiest way to remove?

Heat removal, cooling is the easiest way

FFS/FTP, FFE – proper name

Fire Safety System code, Fire test procedure code, FFE= Fire Fighting Equipment

E/R –type of fire extinguisher

 2 foam extinguisher every 10 m walking distance
 45 ltr non portable foam extinguisher
E/R with boiler room
 2 additional foam extinguisher
 Foam applicator
 135 Ltr Foam extinguisher.

Fire Control Station – location

The location at which the following can be operate
 Fire Alarm
 Fire pump
 Fire door
 Ventilation
 Communication Equipment
Bridge/ ECR- Fire control station

Fireman Outfit Test schedule?

 Weekly : Check the pressure of BA set
 Monthly : Firefighter's outfits ( full inventory and ensure serviceable)
 5 yearly : Hydro test of BA bottle.

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Main Vertical Zone ?

Main vertical zones are those sections into which the hull, superstructure and deckhouses are
divided by
 "A" class divisions,
 the mean length and width of which on any deck does not exceed 40 m.

Fix Fire Installation

 Engine room
 Cargo hold
 Paint Store
 Galley
 Pump room
 Fix deck foam system on tanker
(1) fixed gas fire-extinguishing system (2) fixed high-expansion foam system(3) fixed pressure
water-spraying fire-extinguishing system

SEC? form E?
 Cargo ship safety construction certificate.
 Record of Equipment for the cargo ship safety Equipment. Form “E”
I. Particulars of ship
II. Details of life-saving appliances
III. Details of radio facilities
IV. Methods used to ensure availability of radio facilities
V. Details of navigational systems and equipment
(not include FFA)

High Expansion Foam System

Can found in
- Pump room
- Ro Ro vehicle space

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Small Fire Action , Big Fire action

 Small Fire :Make one Attempt first and then raise the alarm, inform tho bridge.
 Large fire :Raise the Alarm and inform to bridge

Engine room fire detector

Smoke detector, heat detector and manual call points.

During deck round after duty, found Fire in crew cabin

 If it is in early stage and small fire I will make one attempt to fight Fire and Raise the
Alarm and inform the Bridge.
 If it is Large fire I wil raise the alarm and inform to bridge.
 Proceed to Muster Station, head count make and check All PPE of the members.
 Communicate to bridge
 Fight the fire as per contingency plan

Alarm in Cargo Hold - Alarm Test .

Closed to Cargo hold detector is sprayed by smoke spray and check alarm panel on bridge.
Which medium use for oil fire? How to extinguish?
To extinguish Oil fire by using Foam or dry powder to extinguish. Extinguisher is overwhelmed to
the surface of oil fire.
E/R fire can extinguished by fixed CO2.

CO2 liquid level Test of CO2 bottle in CO2 room?

Ultra Sonic level detector

CO2 Release System.

E/R Fire,
 Shut down Engines, stop fuels, stops vents
 Evacuate the E/R and Head count make
 Inform to Master and get approval
 Open the cabinet of Pilot Bottle ( will sound alarm in E/R )
 Operate Pilot bottle and it will open specified bottle designated for E/R

Cargo Hold Fire,

 Shut down vents close all hatch and all opening to cargo hold
 Evacuate the cargo hold and Head count make
 Inform to Master and get approval

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 In CO2 room operate 3 way valve

 Release CO2 manually to designated cargo hold
 Required Number of CO2 bottle to be released is posted in CO2 room for each cargo hold(
empty /full load / half loaded)

material is Fine Hose made of?

Non-perishable material.

Fire hose length? Can cut Fire hose if leaks?

 Fire hoses shall have a length of at least 10 m, but not more than:
 15 m in machinery spaces;
 20 m in other spaces and open decks; and
 25 m for open decks on ships with a maximum breadth in excess of 30 m.
 Don’t affect specified length.

portable fire extinguisher?

powder or carbon dioxide :at least 5 kg
foam extinguisher shall :at least 9 ltr
The mass of all portable fire extinguishers shall not exceed 23 kg

How many portable fire extinguisher? (SOLAS CH II-2 Reg 10)

 Accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations shall be provided with portable fire
extinguishers of appropriate types and in sufficient number to the satisfaction of the
Administration.
 Ships of 1,000 gross tonnage and upwards shall carry at least five portable fire extinguishers.
 Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers shall not be placed in
 Fire extinguishers shall be situated ready for use at easily visible places.

Accommodation fire?
 If it is in early stage and small fire, I will attempt to fight fire, raise the alarm and inform the
Bridge.
 If it is large fire, I will raise the alarm and inform to bridge.
 Proceed to Muster Station, head count make and check All PPE of the members.
 Communicate to bridge
 Fight the fire as per contingency plan
 Potential Hazard is that many papers clothing and many combustible materials in the
accommodation and required to do boundary cooling very carefully

E/R small fire- potential Hazard ?

Heat in the E/R and Fuel.

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Mechanical န chemical
ဲ့ foam –explain with picture, Chemical Foam - contain which Solution
(with picture)

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