According to a 2022 study, 107 million people in the US will experience extremely

dangerous heat in the year 2053.[143]

Heat waves are the most lethal type of weather phenomenon in the United States. Between
1992 and 2001, deaths from excessive heat in the United States numbered 2,190,
compared with 880 deaths from floods and 150 from tropical cyclones.[144] About 400 deaths
a year on average are directly due to heat in the United States.[64] The 1995 Chicago heat
wave, one of the worst in US history, led to approximately 739 heat-related deaths over 5
days.[145] In the United States, the loss of human life in hot spells in summer exceeds that
caused by all other weather events. These include lightning, rain, floods, hurricanes,
and tornadoes.[146][147]

About 6,200 Americans need hospital treatment each summer, according to data from
2008. This is due to excessive heat, and those at highest risk are poor, uninsured or elderly.
[148]

The relationship between extreme temperature and mortality in the United States varies by
location. Heat is more likely to increase the risk of death in cities in the northern part of the
country than in southern regions. As a whole, people in the United States appear to be
adapting to hotter temperatures further north each decade. This might be due to better
infrastructure, more modern building design and better public awareness.[149]

See also
edit

 Dog days
 Cold wave
 List of heat waves
 List of severe weather phenomena
 Urban heat island
References
edit

1. ^ Jump up to:a b IPCC (2022). "Annex II: Glossary" (PDF) [Möller, V., R. van Diemen, J.B.R.
Matthews, C. Méndez, S. Semenov, J.S. Fuglestvedt, A. Reisinger (eds.)]. In: Climate Change
2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C.
Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S.
Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.
2897–2930. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.029 This article incorporates text from
this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
2. ^ Robinson, Peter J (2001). "On the Definition of a Heat Wave". Journal of Applied
Meteorology. 40 (4): 762–775. Bibcode:2001JApMe..40..762R. doi:10.1175/1520-
0450(2001)040<0762:OTDOAH>[Link];2.
3. ^ State of the Global Climate 2024 (PDF) (report). Geneva: World Meteorological Organization.
2025. ISBN 978-92-63-11368-9. WMO-No. 1368.[page needed]
4. ^ Jump up to:a b J. "NWS JetStream - Heat Index". [Link]. NOAA; US Department of
Commerce. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
5. ^ Jump up to:a b Bottollier-Depois, Amélie (15 June 2022). "Deadly heatwaves threaten economies
too". [Link]. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
6. ^ Jump up to:a b c García-León, David; Casanueva, Ana; Standardi, Gabriele; Burgstall, Annkatrin;
Flouris, Andreas D.; Nybo, Lars (2021). "Current and projected regional economic impacts of
heatwaves in Europe". Nature Communications. 12 (1)
5807. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.5807G. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26050-z. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC
8490455. PMID 34608159.
7. ^ "Heat Waves Explained". 20 May 2023.
8. ^ Frich, A.; L.V. Alexander; P. Della-Marta; B. Gleason; M. Haylock; A.M.G. Klein Tank; T.
Peterson (2002). "Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the
twentieth century" (PDF). Climate Research. 19: 193–
212. Bibcode:2002ClRes..19..193F. doi:10.3354/cr019193.
9. ^ Rodriguez, Emily (5 December 2018). "Heat wave". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 1
April 2019.
10. ^ Glickman, Todd S. (2010). Glossary of Meteorology (CD-ROM) (2nd ed.). American
Meteorological Society; University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-1-878220-49-3.
11. ^ Hobday, A.J.; et al. (2018). "Categorizing and naming marine
heatwaves". Oceanography. 31 (2): 162–173. Bibcode:2018Ocgpy..31b.205H. doi:10.5670/
oceanog.2018.205. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_57530.
12. ^ "Severe Weather - Weather Information Portal". Meteorological Service Singapore.
Retrieved 17 April 2026.
13. ^ "Danmark får varme- og hedebølge" (in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. 22 July 2008.
Archived from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
14. ^ "Värmebölja Klimat: Kunskapsbanken SMHI" (in Swedish). [Link]. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
15. ^ "Heat-health watch". Met Office. 31 August 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
16. ^ "What is a heatwave?". Met Office. 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
17. ^ "Summer Centre". Met Éireann. 2 June 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
18. ^ "Glossary". NOAA's National Weather Service. 25 June 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
19. ^ Singer, Stephen. "Half the country wilts under unrelenting heat". Yahoo! News.
20. ^ "Staying Cool and Safe" (PDF). Oakland, California: Pacific Gas and Electric Company. 24
March 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
21. ^ "Criteria for public weather alerts". Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 July 2024.
Retrieved 1 February 2025.
22. ^ "Extreme Heat Services for South Australia". Bureau of Meteorology. 15 January 2010.
Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
23. ^ Jump up to:a b "Australia Weather and Warnings". Australian Government; Bureau of
Meteorology. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015.
24. ^ "Heat". Get Ready - National Emergency Management Agency. 2024. Retrieved 1
February 2025.
25. ^ Marine heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea and beyond - an overview. 2024. pp. 5-24
in CIESM Monograph 51 (F. Briand, Ed.) ISSN 1726-5886 [1]
26. ^ "Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean
Areas at Record Levels for October from 1951-2023". National Centers for Environmental
Information (NCEI) [Link] of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA). November 2023. Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. (change "202310" in
URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 10=October)
27. ^ IPCC (2021). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical
Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L.
Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell,
E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)].
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.
 3−32. doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001 This article incorporates text from this
source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
28. ^ Rousi, Efi; Kornhuber, Kai; Beobide-Arsuaga, Goratz; Luo, Fei; Coumou, Dim
(2022). "Accelerated western European heatwave trends linked to more-persistent double jets
over Eurasia". Nature Communications. 13 (1)
3851. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.3851R. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31432-y. PMC 9253148. PMID 3
5788585.

Cited in: Fountain, Henry (18 July 2022). "Why Europe Is Becoming a Heat Wave Hot Spot". The
New York Times. ISSN 1553-8095. Retrieved 21 August 2022.

29. ^ Russo, Simone; Sillmann, Jana; Fischer, Erich M (2015). "Top ten European heatwaves since
1950 and their occurrence in the coming decades" (PDF). Environmental Research
Letters. 10 (12) 124003. Bibcode:2015ERL....10l4003R. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124003 –
via ETH Zurich Research Collection.
30. ^ Zampieri, Matteo; Russo, Simone; Di Sabatino, Silvana; Michetti, Melania; Scoccimarro, Enrico;
Gualdi, Silvio (2016). "Global assessment of heatwave magnitudes from 1901 to 2010 and
implications for the river discharge of the Alps". Science of the Total Environment. 571: 1330–
9. Bibcode:2016ScTEn.571.1330Z. doi:10.1016/[Link].2016.07.008. PMID 27418520.
31. ^ Henson, Bob. "Exposure to extreme urban heat has tripled worldwide since the 1980s, study
finds". Washington Post. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
32. ^ Tuholske, Cascade; Caylor, Kelly; Funk, Chris; Verdin, Andrew; Sweeney, Stuart; Grace,
Kathryn; Peterson, Pete; Evans, Tom (2021). "Global urban population exposure to extreme
heat". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118 (41)
e2024792118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11824792T. doi:10.1073/pnas.2024792118. ISSN 0027-
8424. PMC 8521713. PMID 34607944.
33. ^ Lau, N; Nath, Mary Jo (2012). "A Model Study of Heat Waves over North America:
Meteorological Aspects and Projections for the Twenty-First Century". Journal of
Climate. 25 (14): 4761–4784. Bibcode:2012JCli...25.4761L. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00575.1.
34. ^ "Heat Index". US National Weather Service. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017.
35. ^ "Heat Index". Pasquotank County, NC, U. S. Website. Archived from the original on 18 March
2012.
36. ^ "Bergwind Info". [Link]. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012.
According to a 2022 study, 107 million people in the US will experience extremely
dangerous heat in the year 2053.[143]

Heat waves are the most lethal type of weather phenomenon in the United States. Between
1992 and 2001, deaths from excessive heat in the United States numbered 2,190,
compared with 880 deaths from floods and 150 from tropical cyclones.[144] About 400 deaths
a year on average are directly due to heat in the United States.[64] The 1995 Chicago heat
wave, one of the worst in US history, led to approximately 739 heat-related deaths over 5
days.[145] In the United States, the loss of human life in hot spells in summer exceeds that
caused by all other weather events. These include lightning, rain, floods, hurricanes,
and tornadoes.[146][147]

About 6,200 Americans need hospital treatment each summer, according to data from
2008. This is due to excessive heat, and those at highest risk are poor, uninsured or elderly.
[148]

The relationship between extreme temperature and mortality in the United States varies by
location. Heat is more likely to increase the risk of death in cities in the northern part of the
country than in southern regions. As a whole, people in the United States appear to be
adapting to hotter temperatures further north each decade. This might be due to better
infrastructure, more modern building design and better public awareness.[149]

See also
edit

 Dog days
 Cold wave
 List of heat waves
 List of severe weather phenomena
 Urban heat island
References
edit

1. ^ Jump up to:a b IPCC (2022). "Annex II: Glossary" (PDF) [Möller, V., R. van Diemen, J.B.R.
Matthews, C. Méndez, S. Semenov, J.S. Fuglestvedt, A. Reisinger (eds.)]. In: Climate Change
2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C.
Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S.
Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.
2897–2930. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.029 This article incorporates text from
this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
2. ^ Robinson, Peter J (2001). "On the Definition of a Heat Wave". Journal of Applied
Meteorology. 40 (4): 762–775. Bibcode:2001JApMe..40..762R. doi:10.1175/1520-
0450(2001)040<0762:OTDOAH>[Link];2.
3. ^ State of the Global Climate 2024 (PDF) (report). Geneva: World Meteorological Organization.
2025. ISBN 978-92-63-11368-9. WMO-No. 1368.[page needed]
4. ^ Jump up to:a b J. "NWS JetStream - Heat Index". [Link]. NOAA; US Department of
Commerce. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
5. ^ Jump up to:a b Bottollier-Depois, Amélie (15 June 2022). "Deadly heatwaves threaten economies
too". [Link]. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
6. ^ Jump up to:a b c García-León, David; Casanueva, Ana; Standardi, Gabriele; Burgstall, Annkatrin;
Flouris, Andreas D.; Nybo, Lars (2021). "Current and projected regional economic impacts of
heatwaves in Europe". Nature Communications. 12 (1)
5807. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.5807G. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26050-z. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC
8490455. PMID 34608159.
7. ^ "Heat Waves Explained". 20 May 2023.
8. ^ Frich, A.; L.V. Alexander; P. Della-Marta; B. Gleason; M. Haylock; A.M.G. Klein Tank; T.
Peterson (2002). "Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the
twentieth century" (PDF). Climate Research. 19: 193–
212. Bibcode:2002ClRes..19..193F. doi:10.3354/cr019193.
9. ^ Rodriguez, Emily (5 December 2018). "Heat wave". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 1
April 2019.
10. ^ Glickman, Todd S. (2010). Glossary of Meteorology (CD-ROM) (2nd ed.). American
Meteorological Society; University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-1-878220-49-3.
11. ^ Hobday, A.J.; et al. (2018). "Categorizing and naming marine
heatwaves". Oceanography. 31 (2): 162–173. Bibcode:2018Ocgpy..31b.205H. doi:10.5670/
oceanog.2018.205. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_57530.
12. ^ "Severe Weather - Weather Information Portal". Meteorological Service Singapore.
Retrieved 17 April 2026.
13. ^ "Danmark får varme- og hedebølge" (in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. 22 July 2008.
Archived from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
14. ^ "Värmebölja Klimat: Kunskapsbanken SMHI" (in Swedish). [Link]. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
15. ^ "Heat-health watch". Met Office. 31 August 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
16. ^ "What is a heatwave?". Met Office. 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
17. ^ "Summer Centre". Met Éireann. 2 June 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
18. ^ "Glossary". NOAA's National Weather Service. 25 June 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
19. ^ Singer, Stephen. "Half the country wilts under unrelenting heat". Yahoo! News.
20. ^ "Staying Cool and Safe" (PDF). Oakland, California: Pacific Gas and Electric Company. 24
March 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
21. ^ "Criteria for public weather alerts". Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 July 2024.
Retrieved 1 February 2025.
22. ^ "Extreme Heat Services for South Australia". Bureau of Meteorology. 15 January 2010.
Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
23. ^ Jump up to:a b "Australia Weather and Warnings". Australian Government; Bureau of
Meteorology. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015.
24. ^ "Heat". Get Ready - National Emergency Management Agency. 2024. Retrieved 1
February 2025.
25. ^ Marine heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea and beyond - an overview. 2024. pp. 5-24
in CIESM Monograph 51 (F. Briand, Ed.) ISSN 1726-5886 [1]
26. ^ "Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean
Areas at Record Levels for October from 1951-2023". National Centers for Environmental
Information (NCEI) [Link] of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA). November 2023. Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. (change "202310" in
URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 10=October)
27. ^ IPCC (2021). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical
Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L.
Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell,
E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)].
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.
3−32. doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001 This article incorporates text from this
source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
28. ^ Rousi, Efi; Kornhuber, Kai; Beobide-Arsuaga, Goratz; Luo, Fei; Coumou, Dim
(2022). "Accelerated western European heatwave trends linked to more-persistent double jets
over Eurasia". Nature Communications. 13 (1)
3851. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.3851R. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31432-y. PMC 9253148. PMID 3
5788585.

Cited in: Fountain, Henry (18 July 2022). "Why Europe Is Becoming a Heat Wave Hot Spot". The
New York Times. ISSN 1553-8095. Retrieved 21 August 2022.

29. ^ Russo, Simone; Sillmann, Jana; Fischer, Erich M (2015). "Top ten European heatwaves since
1950 and their occurrence in the coming decades" (PDF). Environmental Research
Letters. 10 (12) 124003. Bibcode:2015ERL....10l4003R. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124003 –
via ETH Zurich Research Collection.
30. ^ Zampieri, Matteo; Russo, Simone; Di Sabatino, Silvana; Michetti, Melania; Scoccimarro, Enrico;
Gualdi, Silvio (2016). "Global assessment of heatwave magnitudes from 1901 to 2010 and
implications for the river discharge of the Alps". Science of the Total Environment. 571: 1330–
9. Bibcode:2016ScTEn.571.1330Z. doi:10.1016/[Link].2016.07.008. PMID 27418520.
31. ^ Henson, Bob. "Exposure to extreme urban heat has tripled worldwide since the 1980s, study
finds". Washington Post. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
32. ^ Tuholske, Cascade; Caylor, Kelly; Funk, Chris; Verdin, Andrew; Sweeney, Stuart; Grace,
Kathryn; Peterson, Pete; Evans, Tom (2021). "Global urban population exposure to extreme
heat". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118 (41)
e2024792118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11824792T. doi:10.1073/pnas.2024792118. ISSN 0027-
8424. PMC 8521713. PMID 34607944.
33. ^ Lau, N; Nath, Mary Jo (2012). "A Model Study of Heat Waves over North America:
Meteorological Aspects and Projections for the Twenty-First Century". Journal of
Climate. 25 (14): 4761–4784. Bibcode:2012JCli...25.4761L. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00575.1.
34. ^ "Heat Index". US National Weather Service. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017.
35. ^ "Heat Index". Pasquotank County, NC, U. S. Website. Archived from the original on 18 March
2012.
36. ^ "Bergwind Info". [Link]. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012.