Example 4-1
𝑷 (kN) 𝜹(mm)
A tension test was performed on a steel alloy
0 0
specimen having an original cross-sectional 4.725 0.09
area of 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎^𝟐 and a gauge length of 𝟐𝟎𝟎 9.45 0.18
𝒎𝒎. Determine the following: 14.175 0.27
18.9 0.36
• Ultimate Stress
19 0.44
• Fracture Stress
22.65 0.56
• Modulus of Elasticity 20.65 0.64
Ans:
• Modulus of Resilience* 𝝈𝒖𝒍𝒕 = 𝟏𝟖𝟏. 𝟐 𝑴𝑷𝒂
• Modulus of Toughness* 𝝈𝒇 = 𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟐 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑬 = 𝟖𝟒 𝑮𝑷𝒂
Module 4 Material Properties Part 1 1
Example 4-1
A tension test was performed on a steel alloy specimen having an original cross-sectional area of 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎2
and a gauge length of 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎. Determine the following:
• Ultimate Stress
• Fracture Stress
𝑷 (kN) 𝜹(mm) 𝝈 (MPa) 𝜺
• Modulus of Elasticity
• Modulus of Resilience*
0 0 0 0
• Modulus of Toughness*
4.725 0.09 37.8 0.00045
𝑷 𝟒𝟕𝟐𝟓 𝑵
9.45 0.18 75.6 0.0009
𝝈= = 𝝈 = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂 14.175 0.27 113.4 0.00135
𝑨 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐
18.9 0.36 151.2 0.0018
𝜹 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎 19 0.44 152 0.0022
∈= = ∈ = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟓
𝑳 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
22.65 0.56 181.2 0.0028
20.65 0.64 165.2 0.0032
Module 4 Material Properties Part 1 2
Example 4-1
A tension test was performed on a steel alloy specimen having an original cross-sectional area of 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎2
and a gauge length of 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎. Determine the following:
• Ultimate Stress
• Fracture Stress
• Modulus of Elasticity
• Modulus of Resilience*
• Modulus of Toughness*
𝝈𝒖𝒍𝒕 = 𝟏𝟖𝟏. 𝟐 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝝈𝒇 = 𝟏𝟔𝟓. 𝟐 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟒 − 𝟎
E = 𝑬 = 𝟖𝟒 𝑮𝑷𝒂
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟓 − 𝟎
*Modulus of Resilience = Area under the
elastic region = 136.08 kJ/m3
*Modulus of Toughness = Area under the
entire stress-strain diagram = 366 kJ/m3
Module 4 Material Properties Part 1 3
Example 4-2
Part of a control linkage for an airplane consists of a rigid member CBD and
cable AB with diameter of 30-mm. If a force, P, equal to 100 kN, is applied
to the end D of the member, determine the deformation of cable AB. The
cable is made of a material with stress-strain diagram shown. Assume that
the linkage is pinned at C.
Ans:
𝜹𝑨𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎𝟒 𝒎𝒎
Module 4 Material Properties Part 1 4
Example 4-2
Part of a control linkage for an airplane consists of a rigid member CBD and cable AB with diameter of 30-mm. If a force, P,
equal to 100 kN, is applied to the end D of the member, determine the deformation of cable AB. The cable is made of a
material with stress-strain diagram shown. Assume that the linkage is pinned at C.
𝑭𝑨𝑩
𝟒
𝑴𝑪 = 𝟎; −𝑷 𝟎. 𝟔 + 𝑭𝑨𝑩 𝟎. 𝟑 = 𝟎 𝑭𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝟓
𝑹𝑪𝒚 𝑹𝑪𝒙
𝑭𝑨𝑩 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝝈𝑨𝑩 = = 𝝅 = 𝟑𝟓𝟑. 𝟔𝟕𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂 < 𝝈𝒀 = 𝟒𝟒𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑨𝑨𝑩 𝟑𝟎𝟐
𝟒 within elastic region
𝟒𝟒𝟎 − 𝟎
𝑬= = 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 ∈𝑨𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟖 𝒎𝒎/𝒎𝒎
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐 − 𝟎
𝝈𝑨𝑩 = 𝑬 ∈𝑨𝑩 𝟑𝟓𝟑. 𝟔𝟕𝟖 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∈𝑨𝑩
𝜹𝑨𝑩 = ∈𝑨𝑩 𝑳𝑨𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟖 𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝜹𝑨𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎𝟒 𝒎𝒎
Module 4 Material Properties Part 1 5
Example 4-3
An unknown material is tested and has the stress-strain diagram shown. If this material has a
length of 50 cm and a cross-sectional area of 400 mm2, determine the elongation of the member
once an 80-kN tensile force is applied to it. If the 80-kN force is unloaded, calculate its
permanent strain.
Ans:
𝜹 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎
∈𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎/𝒎𝒎
Module 4 Material Properties Part 1 6
Example 4-3
An unknown material is tested and has the stress-strain diagram shown. If this material has a length of 50 cm and a cross-sectional area of 400 mm2, determine the
elongation of the member once an 80-kN tensile force is applied to it. If the 80-kN force is unloaded, calculate its permanent strain.
𝑭 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝝈= = = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 > 𝝈𝒀 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑨 𝟒𝟎𝟎
within plastic region
Using linear interpolation
𝟐𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝟐𝟓𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎𝟎
=
𝟎. 𝟎𝟑 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑 −∈
∈ = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝒎𝒎/𝒎𝒎
𝜹 = ∈ 𝑳 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎
Module 4 Material Properties Part 1 7
Example 4-3
An unknown material is tested and has the stress-strain diagram shown. If this material has a length of 50 cm and a cross-sectional area of 400 mm2, determine the
elongation of the member once an 80-kN tensile force is applied to it. If the 80-kN force is unloaded, calculate its permanent strain.
∈𝒑 + 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝒎𝒎/𝒎𝒎
Using similar triangles
𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎
=
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓 𝒙
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎/𝒎𝒎
𝟐𝟎𝟎
∈𝒑 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟕 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝟏𝟓𝟎
∈𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎/𝒎𝒎
𝒙
∈𝒑
Module 4 Material Properties Part 1 8