Example 3-1

Part of a control linkage for an airplane consists of a rigid

member CBD and a flexible cable AB. If a force is applied
to the end D of the member and causes a normal strain in
the cable of 0.0035 mm/mm, determine the displacement
of point D. Originally the cable is unstretched.

Module 3 Concepts of Strain 1

 Example 3-1
Part of a control linkage for an airplane consists of a rigid member CBD and a flexible cable AB. If a force is applied
to the end D of the member and causes a normal strain in the cable of 0.0035 mm/mm, determine the displacement
of point D. Originally the cable is unstretched.

𝑳𝑨𝑩 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟐 + 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟐 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝜹𝑨𝑩 =∈𝑨𝑩 𝑳𝑨𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟓 𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎

∆𝑫
𝜹𝑨𝑩 D D’
𝜽
B B’
∆𝑩
𝜽 ∆𝑩 Similar triangles:
B B’
𝜹𝑨𝑩 = ∆𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 ∆𝑩 ∆𝑫
=
𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝟏. 𝟕𝟓
∆𝑩 = = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝟒Τ𝟓 ∆𝑫 = 𝟒. 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎
∆𝑫 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟓
𝟑𝟎𝟎
C
Module 3 Concepts of Strain 2
 Example 3-2
A thin rectangular plate is deformed as shown. The normal
strains developed along the sides are as follows:
𝜺𝑨𝑩 = +0.0022 mm/mm
𝜺𝑩𝑪 = -0.0030 mm/mm
𝜺𝑪𝑫 = +0.0050 mm/mm
Determine the following:
a) Horizontal displacement of B.
b) Normal strain in AD.
c) Shearing strain at A.

Module 3 Concepts of Strain 3

 Example 3-2
A thin rectangular plate is deformed as shown. The normal strains developed along the sides are as follows:
𝜺𝑨𝑩 = +0.0022 mm/mm
𝜺𝑩𝑪 = -0.0030 mm/mm
𝜺𝑪𝑫 = +0.0050 mm/mm
Determine the following:
a) Horizontal displacement of B.
b) Normal strain in AD.
c) Shearing strain at A.

𝜹𝑨𝑩 =∈𝑨𝑩 𝑳𝑨𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏. 𝟏 𝒎𝒎

𝑳′𝑨𝑩 = 𝑳𝑨𝑩 + 𝜹𝑨𝑩 = 𝟓𝟎𝟏. 𝟏 𝒎𝒎

𝜹𝑩𝑪 =∈𝑩𝑪 𝑳𝑩𝑪 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 𝟔𝟎𝟎 = −𝟏. 𝟖 𝒎𝒎 𝜹𝑪𝑫 =∈𝑪𝑫 𝑳𝑪𝑫 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎
𝑳′𝑩𝑪 = 𝑳𝑩𝑪 + 𝜹𝑩𝑪 = 𝟓𝟗𝟖. 𝟐 𝒎𝒎 𝑳′𝑪𝑫 = 𝑳𝑪𝑫 + 𝜹𝑪𝑫 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎

Module 3 Concepts of Strain 4

 Example 3-2
A thin rectangular plate is deformed as shown. The normal strains developed along the sides are as follows:
𝜺𝑨𝑩 = +0.0022 mm/mm
𝜺𝑩𝑪 = -0.0030 mm/mm 𝑳′𝑨𝑩 = 𝟓𝟎𝟏. 𝟏 𝒎𝒎
𝜺𝑪𝑫 = +0.0050 mm/mm
𝑳′𝑩𝑪 = 𝟓𝟗𝟖. 𝟐 𝒎𝒎
Determine the following:
a) Horizontal displacement of B. 𝑳′𝑪𝑫 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎
b) Normal strain in AD.
c) Shearing strain at A. 𝒙
𝒙𝑩
B’
𝟏𝟏
B 𝟓𝟎𝟏
𝟓𝟎𝟏. 𝟏
𝟓𝟎𝟏. 𝟏 𝒙= 𝟓𝟎𝟏. 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟓𝟎𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒎𝒎
𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝟐 𝒙𝑩 = 𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟓 + 𝟐
A’
𝟏𝟎 𝒙𝑩 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒎𝒎
A
Module 3 Concepts of Strain 5
 Example 3-2
A thin rectangular plate is deformed as shown. The normal strains developed along the sides are as follows:
𝜺𝑨𝑩 = +0.0022 mm/mm
𝜺𝑩𝑪 = -0.0030 mm/mm 𝑳′𝑨𝑩 = 𝟓𝟎𝟏. 𝟏 𝒎𝒎
𝜺𝑪𝑫 = +0.0050 mm/mm
𝑳′𝑩𝑪 = 𝟓𝟗𝟖. 𝟐 𝒎𝒎
Determine the following:
a) Horizontal displacement of B. 𝑳′𝑪𝑫 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎
b) Normal strain in AD.
c) Shearing strain at A.
𝑳′𝑨𝑫
𝟏𝟎

𝟔𝟎𝟏
𝟐 A’
𝑳′𝑨𝑫
𝟏𝟎 𝑳′𝑨𝑫 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐 + 𝟔𝟎𝟏𝟐 = 𝟔𝟎𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝒎
A 𝜹𝑨𝑫 = 𝑳′𝑨𝑫 − 𝑳𝑨𝑫 = 𝟔𝟎𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟐 − 𝟔𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟐
𝟔𝟎𝟎 D 𝟑
𝜹𝑨𝑫 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟐
∈𝑨𝑫 = = ∈𝑨𝑫 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟓 𝒎𝒎/𝒎𝒎
𝑳𝑨𝑫 𝟔𝟎𝟎
Module 3 Concepts of Strain 6
 Example 3-2
A thin rectangular plate is deformed as shown. The normal strains developed along the sides are as follows:
𝜺𝑨𝑩 = +0.0022 mm/mm
𝜺𝑩𝑪 = -0.0030 mm/mm 𝑳′𝑨𝑩 = 𝟓𝟎𝟏. 𝟏 𝒎𝒎
𝜺𝑪𝑫 = +0.0050 mm/mm
𝑳′𝑩𝑪 = 𝟓𝟗𝟖. 𝟐 𝒎𝒎
Determine the following:
a) Horizontal displacement of B. 𝑳′𝑪𝑫 = 𝟓𝟎𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎
b) Normal strain in AD.
c) Shearing strain at A.
𝟓𝟎𝟏
𝒙 𝜶= 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟕°
𝟓𝟎𝟏. 𝟏
𝟓𝟎𝟏 𝟔𝟎𝟏
𝟓𝟎𝟏. 𝟏 −𝟏
𝜷 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟎𝟒𝟔𝟕°
𝟏𝟎
𝜶 𝝅 𝝅
𝜽′ + 𝜶 + 𝜷 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° 𝜸= − 𝜽′
𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝟎
A’ 𝜽′ 𝑳′𝑨𝑫
𝟏𝟎 𝜷 𝜽′ = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟖𝟎𝟖𝟔° 𝜸 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟒𝟏 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒔
𝟔𝟎𝟏
Module 3 Concepts of Strain 7
 Example 3-3
The counter-clockwise moment M applied to the rigid L-bar B produces an axial strain of -
0.004444 mm/mm in bar A and a shearing strain of 0.007 radians at E. The pin at A has a
clearance of 2 mm. Determine the axial strain in bar C if there is also a 0.5 mm clearance in the
connection between the triangular plate and the rigid L-bar D.

Module 3 Concepts of Strain 8

 Example 3-3 3
The counter-clockwise moment M applied to the rigid L-bar B produces an axial strain of -0.004444 1
mm/mm in bar A and a shearing strain of 0.007 radians at E. The pin at A has a clearance of 2 mm.
Determine the axial strain in bar C if there is also a 0.5 mm clearance in the connection between the
triangular plate and the rigid L-bar D.

O 2
𝜹𝑨 =∈𝑨 𝑳𝑨 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 = −𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝒎

1’ 1 ∆𝟏 = 𝜹𝑨 + 𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 ∆𝟏
1’ 1
𝜹𝑨 𝟐 ∆𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟑𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝒎
2’
Similar triangles: ∆𝟐

∆𝟏 ∆𝟐 O 2
=
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎
∆𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎 ↑
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎
∆𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟑𝟑𝟐
Module 3 Concepts of Strain
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 9
 Example 3-3 3
The counter-clockwise moment M applied to the rigid L-bar B produces an axial strain of -0.004444 1
mm/mm in bar A and a shearing strain of 0.007 radians at E. The pin at A has a clearance of 2 mm.
Determine the axial strain in bar C if there is also a 0.5 mm clearance in the connection between the
triangular plate and the rigid L-bar D.

O 2
𝝅 𝝅
𝜸𝑬 = − 𝜽′𝑬 𝜽′𝑬 = − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝒓𝒂𝒅 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟓𝟗𝟖𝟗°
𝟐 𝟐

𝟖𝟗. 𝟓𝟗𝟖𝟗 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎

1500 𝒕𝒂𝒏 =
𝟐 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎 + 𝒙
𝜽′𝑬 /𝟐

E’ 𝒙 E 1500 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓𝟑𝟕 𝒎𝒎

E’ E ∆𝑬 = 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆

𝒙 ∆𝑬 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟑𝟕 𝒎𝒎
𝟎. 𝟓
x = displacement of E once strained
Module 3 Concepts of Strain 10
 Example 3-3 3
The counter-clockwise moment M applied to the rigid L-bar B produces an axial strain of -0.004444 1
mm/mm in bar A and a shearing strain of 0.007 radians at E. The pin at A has a clearance of 2 mm.
Determine the axial strain in bar C if there is also a 0.5 mm clearance in the connection between the
triangular plate and the rigid L-bar D.

O 2
Similar triangles:
∆𝑬 ∆𝟑 3’ ∆
3’ = 𝟑 𝜹𝑪 = −𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟔𝟏 𝒎𝒎
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 3
∆𝟑 D 𝜹𝑪 −𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟔𝟏
∆𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟑𝟕 𝒎𝒎 ↑ ∈𝑪 = =
3 𝑳𝑪 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎
C
2’ ∈𝑪 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟖𝟕 𝒎𝒎/𝒎𝒎
E’ E ∆𝟐
∆𝑬 2
𝜹𝑪 = ∆𝟑 − ∆𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟑𝟕 𝒎𝒎 − 𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
Module 3 Concepts of Strain 11