Anemia

1. Classification of anemia according to MCV

2. Etiological classification of anemia
3. Definition of anemia
4. Hemoglobin thresholds
5. General symptoms of anemia
6. Bone marrow biopsy – indications in IDA
7. GI causes of anemia
8. Other causes of anemia
9. Iron deficiency anemia – clinical features
10. Iron deficiency anemia – laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures
11. What is the most accurate iron deficiency test?
12. Treatment of IDA – iron supplementation therapy
13. Treatment of IDA – intramuscular and intravenous medications
14. B12 and folate deficiency anemia – clinical presentation
15. B12 deficiency anemia – diagnostic procedures
16. B12 deficiency anemia – treatment
17. What instrumental diagnostic procedures should be performed to exclude GI causes of
anemia?
18. Hemolytic anemia – definition, pathogenesis
19. Hemolytic anemia – diagnostic procedures, treatment
20. Metabolism of iron in the body
21. Iron sulfate, iron fumarate, iron chelate – indications, contraindications, mechanism of
action, doses, possible side effects

Chronic gastritis. Peptic ulcer disease.

1. Predisposing factors of chronic gastritis

2. Etiology of CG
3. Pathomorphology of CG
4. H. pylori-associated CG – location, clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures,
treatment
5. Autoimmune gastritis – location, clinical presentation, predisposing factors, diagnostic
procedures, treatment
6. Chemical gastritis – etiology, location, clinical presentation, treatment
7. Clinical syndromes of CG – abdominal pain, dyspeptic, GI, hypovitaminosis, anemic,
hemorrhagic
8. Laboratory diagnostic procedures
9. Instrumental diagnostic procedures
10. Treatment
11. Definition of peptic ulcer disease
12. Etiology of PUD
13. Pathophysiology of PUD
14. Clinical signs and symptoms of PUD
15. Differential diagnosis of PUD
16. Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures for PUD
17. Complications of PUD
18. Lifestyle modifications for patients with PUD
19. Treatment of PUD
20. Preventive measures for PUD
21. Surgical treatment of PUD
22. PPIs – mechanism of action, examples, doses, indications, contraindications, possible
side effects
23. H2-blockers – mechanism of action, examples, doses, indications, contraindications,
possible side effects
24. Antacids – mechanism of action, examples, doses, indications, contraindications,
possible side effects
25. Bismuth tripotassium dicitrate – mechanism of action, examples, doses, indications,
contraindications, possible side effects
26. Sodium alginate – mechanism of action, examples, doses, indications, contraindications,
possible side effects

Chronic cholecystitis

1. Anatomy of the gallbladder

2. Physiological role of the bile
3. Definition of the chronic cholecystitis
4. Classification of CC
5. Symptoms of CC
6. Syndromes of CC
7. Laboratory diagnostic procedures
8. Instrumental diagnostic procedures
9. ERCP – procedure, indications
10. Ultrasound of the gallbladder and biliary tract – signs of cholecystitis, cholelithiasis
11. Differential diagnosis
12. Complications of CC
13. Dietary modifications for patients with CC
14. Pharmacological treatment – cholekinetics, choleretics, spasmolytics et c)
15. Non-invasive theraputic procedures in CC and cholelithiasis
16. Surgical treatment
17. Postcholecystectomy syndrome
18. Classification of gallstones
19. Types of jaundice

Chronic pancreatitis

1. Anatomy of the pancreas

2. Pancreatic enzymes and their role in the body
3. Definition of CP
4. Pathogenesis of CP
5. Classification of CP
6. Etiology of CP
7. Signs and symptoms, syndromes in CP
8. Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures in CP
9. Physical examination of patients with CP
10. Pancreatic function tests
11. Changes on X-ray in CP
12. Changes on ultrasound in CP
13. Changes on CT-scan in CP
14. ERCP – indications in CP
15. Differential diagnosis
16. Treatment, lifestyle changes
17. Pharmacological treatment
18. Surgical treatment
19. Complications of CP
20. Prognosis
21. PPIs in chronic pancreatitis
22. Pancreatine
23. Octreotide
24. Pain management in CP

Chronic hepatitis

1. Definition of CH
2. Epidemiology of CH
3. Classification
4. Etiology and pathogenesis
5. Autoimmune hepatitis – definition, pathogenesis
6. AIH – clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, treatment
7. Hepatitis B – definition, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures,
treatment
8. Hepatitis C – definition, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures,
treatment
9. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – definition, pathogenesis, clinical presentation,
diagnostic procedures, treatment
10. Clinical and laboratory syndromes in hepatitis
11. Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures
12. Differential diagnosis
13. Treatment
14. Prevention of CH

Liver chirrhosis

1. Definition
2. Etiology
3. Pathophysiology
4. Signs and symptoms, syndromes
5. Complications
6. Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures
7. Treatment
8. Prognosis
9. Histological classification of LC
10. Child-Pew classification of LC
11. Elastometry
 Urgent gastroenterology

1. Causes
2. Signs and symptoms
3. Diagnostics
4. Treatment

GI bleeding (esophageal, gastric, intestinal)

Biliary colick

Hepatic coma

Exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis

Pneumonia

1. Definition
2. Epidemiology
3. Classification
4. Etiology, causative agents
5. Signs and symptoms
6. Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures
7. Atypical pneumonia – causative agents
8. Differential diagnosis
9. Complications of pneumonia
10. Treatment of CAP and HAP
11. IDSA/ATS criteria of severe pneumonia
12. SMART-COP scale

Asthma

1. Definition
2. Epidemiology
3. Classification
4. Etiology
5. Pathogenesis
6. Signs and symptoms
7. Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures. Functional volume test
8. Lifestyle modification
9. Treatment (steps)
10. Asthmatic status – causes, clinical presentation, symptoms, treatment
11. Factors that trigger asthma
12. LABA – mechanism of action, examples, doses, indications, contraindications, side
effects
13. SABA – mechanism of action, examples, doses, indications, contraindications, side
effects
14. Inhaled corticosteroids – mechanism of action, examples, doses, indications,
contraindications, side effects
15. Leucothreene receptor antagonists – mechanism of action, examples, doses,
indications, contraindications, side effects
16. Diagnostic criteria of asthma, symptoms and signs of airflow obstruction
17. Complications
18. Follow-up

Chronic and acute glomerulonephritis. CKD.

1. Definition of CGN
2. Epidemiology of CGN
3. Morphological classification of CGN
4. Etiology, classification
5. Pathogenesis, pathophysiology of CGN
6. Clinical features, clinical syndromes of CGN
7. Criteria for exacerbation and remission of CGN
8. Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures
9. Complications
10. Treatment of CGN
11. Acute glomerulonephritis – definition
12. AGN – etiology, pathogenesis
13. AGN – clinical syndromes
14. AGN – laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures
15. Hemodialysis – indications, procedure
16. Renal transplantation – indications, procedure
17. What is GFR?
18. CKD – definition
19. Classification of CKD according to GFR and microalbuminuria
20. CKD – clinical presentation
21. CKD – treatment

2 semester

Tachyarrhythmias

1. Sinus tachycardia – ECG features

2. Atrial tachycardia
3. AV-tachycardia
4. WPW-syndrome
5. Classification of antiarrhythmics
6. Atrial flutter
7. Atrial fibrillation
8. Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
9. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
10. Tachycardia ‘Torsade de Pointe’
11. Ventricular fibrillation
12. Atrial premature beat
13. AV premature beat
14. Ventricular premature beat
15. Lowns` classification of ventricular premature beats

Bradycardias

1. Sinus bradycardia
2. Sick sinus syndrome (tachy-brady variant, sinus pause)
3. SA block
4. AV block grade 1
5. AV block grade 2 Mobitz 1
6. AV block grade 2 Mobitz 2
7. AV block grade 3
8. LBBB
9. RBBB
10. Combined bundle branch block
11. Pharmacological treatment of bradyarrhythmias
12. Surgical treatment of bradyarrhythmias
13. Types of artificial pacemakers
14. ECG pacemaker rhythm

Ischemic Heart Disease

1. Anatomy of coronary arteries

2. Criteria of metabolic syndrome
3. Definition of IHD
4. Clinical forms of IHD
5. Canadian classification of IHD
6. Clinical presentation of angina pectoris
7. ECG signs of ischemia
8. Laboratory diagnostic procedures for IHD
9. Instrumental diagnostic procedures for IHD
10. Lifestyle modifications for patients with IHD
11. Emergency treatment of angina pectoris
12. Long-term treatment of IHD
13. Pharmacological effects of beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers on the
myocardium
14. Pharmacological effects of long nitrates
15. Surgical interventions in patients with IHD
16. Antiplatelet therapy in IHD
17. Side effects and contraindications of beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers
18. Side effects and contraindications of long nitrates

Hypertension

1. Definition
2. Grades of HT
3. Stages of HT
4. Risk groups
5. Clinical presentation
6. Blood pressure measurement – algorhythm
7. Signs of LVH on ECG
8. Signs of target organ damage
9. Associated clinical conditions
10. Laboratory diagnostic procedures in HT
11. Instrumental diagnostic procedures in HT
12. Lifestyle modifications for patients with HT
13. Risk factors of HT
14. Treatment algorhythm
15. Secondary hypertension – definition
16. Causes of secondary HT
17. ACE inhibitors – mechanism of action, examples, doses, indications, contraindications
and possible side effects
18. ARBs -mechanism of action, examples, doses, indications, contraindications and
possible side effects
19. CCBs - mechanism of action, examples, doses, indications, contraindications and
possible side effects
20. Diuretics - mechanism of action, examples, doses, indications, contraindications and
possible side effects

Acute coronary syndrome. Acute myocardial infarction

1. Definition of ACS
2. ACS with ST elevation – clinical presentation
3. ACS with ST depression – clinical presentation
4. ACS with ST elevation – ECG features
5. ACS with ST depression – ECG features
6. ACS with ST elevation – laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures
7. ACS with ST depression – laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures
8. ACS with ST elevation – clinical management strategy
9. ACS with ST depression – clinical management strategy
10. AMI – definition
11. Classification of AMI according to the ECG features + Killip + phase (early, acute,
subacute, postinfact. cardiosclerosis)
12. Clinical presentation of MI
13. Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures
14. ECG evolution in patients with MI – early, acute, subacute, cardiosclerosis
15. Cardiac biomarkers in MI – troponin T, CPK-MB
16. Treatment of STEMI
17. Treatment of nSTEMI
 Heart failure

1. Definition of HF
2. Classification of HF according to ejection fraction of the left ventricle
3. NYHA classification
4. Etiology of HF
5. Clinical presentation of HF
6. ECG in patients with HF
7. What are the specific biomarkers for HF? Normal values
8. Diagnostic algorhythm for HF
9. Instrumental diagnostic procedures in HF
10. Overview of pharmacological classes of drugs in patients with HF
11. ACE inhibitors – mechanism of action in patients with HF, examples, dosages
12. ARNI – mechanism of action, examples, dosages
13. Beta-blockers – mechanism of action, examples, doses
14. MRA – mechanism of action, examples, doses
15. Dapagliflozin, empagliflozin – mechanism of action, examples, doses
16. Loop diuretics – mechanism of action, examples, doses
17. Acute HF – definition
18. Acute HF – clinical presentation
19. Acute HF – diagnostic procedures
20. Acute HF – treatment

Infective endocarditis

1. Risk factors of IE
2. General preventive measures in patients with high and intermediate risk of IE
3. Definition of IE
4. Clinical features of IE
5. Laboratory findings in patients with IE
6. Microorganisms causing IE
7. Describe the blood culture analysis in patients with IE
8. Instrumental diagnostic procedures in patients with IE
9. Diagnostic criteria for IE (major and minor) and the classification of IE according to these
criteria (definite, possible, rejected)
10. Diagnostic algorhythm for patients with suspected valve IE review
11. Principles of antibiotic treatment in patients with IE (when to start, duration, when to
stop)
12. The most commonly used antibiotics for IE with doses
13. Complications of IE
14. Indications for surgical intervention in IE
15. Surgical methods in IE

Aortal and mitral heart defects

Aortal and mitral stenosis, aortal and mitral regurgitation

1. Definition of the defect

2. Stages of stenosis/regurgitation
3. Clinical presentation
4. ECHO-cardiographic diagnostic features of the defect
5. Pharmacological treatment
6. Surgical treatment

Acute rheumatic fever

1. Definition
2. Etiology, pathogenesis
3. Epidemiology
4. Diagnosis – Jones criteria. How many criteria should be present to confirm the
diagnosis?
5. Differential diagnosis with discriminating features
6. Treatment
7. Long-term complications of ARF

Final cardiology

1. Criteria of the sinus rhythm

2. Stages of hypertension
3. Grades of hypertension
4. Give examples of SVTs
5. Signs of LVH on ECG
6. Pharmacological treatment of HT
7. AV block grades
8. Criteria of the metabolic syndrome
9. Definition of IHD
10. Definition of ACS
11. Definition of AMI
12. Clinical forms of IHD
13. Angina pectoris – clinical presentation
14. Canadian classification of IHD
15. Definition of IE
16. Risk factors of IE
17. How to diagnose IE?
18. Definition of CHF
19. NYHA classification
20. Etiology of HF
21. Diagnostic criteria for IS
22. Treatment of angina pectoris
23. Classification of MI
24. Treatment strategies of MI
25. Biomarkers of MI
26. Biomarkers of CHF
27. Emergency treatment of hypertensive crisis
28. Emergency treatment of acute HF
29. Emergency treatment of acute pulmonary edema
30. Treatment strategies in mitral stenosis
31. Treatment strategies in aortal stenosis
32. Pharmacological treatment of CHF
33. Pharmacological treatment of AHF
34. CHF classification according to LVEF
35. ARF Jones criteria
36. Treatment of IE
37. Treatment of acute pulmonary embolism
38. What is the pharmacological effect of beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers?
39. DAPT in MI
40. Complications of IE
41. Stages of mitral stenosis
42. Stages of aortal stenosis
43. Clinical presentation of HF
44. Clinical presentation of HT
45. Clinical presentation of AMI
46. Classes of antiarrhythmics
47. Clinical presentation of IE
48. Auscultation of the heart
49. Blood pressure measurement
50. What is coronary artery disease?
51. Treatment of hypertensive urgency and emergency

References