PROTECTION OF ROTATINGMACHINES
BUS BAR AND TRANSFORMER
DR. DEVESH SHUKLA
ROTATINGMACHINE PROTECTION
PROTECTION OF GENERATORS
Over-voltage protection Field ground fault protection
Over-sped protection Loss of excitation protection
Protection against motoring Protection against rotor
Protection againstvibration overheating due to
Bearing overheating protection unbalanced 3 phase currents
Protection against auxiliary in stator
failure
Protection againstvoltage
regulator failure
Percentage Differential Protection
Protection against stator inter-turn faults
Stator overheating Protection
STATORPROTECTION:- BIASED DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
Internal Fault
External Fault
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULTPROTECTION
V is line to line neutral voltage
Rn is the neutral grounding resistance
Protection of unprotected windings
against phase faults
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULTRELAY
Can longitudinal
percentage differential
relay protect against
inter-turn faults
Percentage differential protection ofYconnected generatorwith
onlyfour lad brought out
PROTECTION AGAINST STATORINTER-TURN FAULTS
Inter-turn protection of generator using zero sequencevoltage
Longitudinal and transverse percentage differential relay
STATOROVERHEATING PROTECTION
Stator overheating may be caused by the failure of cooling system,
overloading or core faults.
Twomethods are employed:
Inlet and outlet temperature of coolant is measured for detecting
over-heating.
Temperaturesensing element embedded in the stator slots.
NUMERICAL 01
NUMERICAL 02
TRANSFORMER AND BUS
ZONE PROTECTION
. Percentage-differential relayingfor a unit
generator and transformer.
Note: phase sequence is a-b-c
SPLIT PHASE RELAY
TRANSFORMER AND BUS BAR PROTECTION
Short Circuit in transformer
winding and connection
Incipient Faults:
Core fault, coolant failure, regulator
fault, poor electrical connection
PROTECTION OF STAR -DELTATRANSFORMER
CT Connection
OBSERVATION
In case of star-star transformer CT must be connected in delta on both the sides.
In case star-star ungrounded the CT may be connected in star.
Settings of relay in transformer is generally higher than that of generator.
HARMONIC RESTRAINT RELAY
Second Harmonic Restraint
Relay
Used for protection against
inrush currents.
BUCHHOLZ RELAY
Buchholz Relay is a gas-actuated protection device
used in oil-immersed transformers (usually rated
above 500 kVA).
It detects internal faults such as insulation failure,
short circuits, or core heating before they lead to
severe damage.
It provides early warning and protection against
incipient faults (slow-developinginternal faults) in
transformers.
Detects gas formation or oil movement due to
faults.
Supplements biased differential protection of
transformer.
The analysis of fault accumulated in gas chamber
identifies the type of fault.
BUCHHOLZ RELAY
NUMERICAL 03
BUCHHOLZ RELAY