BOTSWANA EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

Botswana General Certificate of Secondary Education

CANDIDATE
NAME

CENTRE CANDIDATE
NUMBER NUMBER

GEOGRAPHY 1448/02
Paper 2 [Written] For Examination from 2025
SPECIMEN PAPER
1 Hour 45 Minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper
Additional Materials: None

INSTRUCTIONS
 Answer all questions.
 Write your candidate name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided at the
top of this page, and on all work you hand in.
 Write in dark blue or black pen.
 Write your answer to each question in the spaces provided.
 You may use and HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
 Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. For Examiner’s Use
 Do not write in any barcodes.
1
 Electronic calculators may be used.
2
INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 80. 3
 You may lose marks if you do not develop your ideas.
4
 The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each
question or part question. Total

This document consists of 10 printed pages

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1 (a) Fig. 1 shows the structure of the earth. For

Examiners
Use

Source: [Link]
Fig. 1

(i) Name the parts labelled A and B shown in Fig. 1.

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(ii) Describe the differences between the continental crust and oceanic crust.

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(b)
Afghanistan earthquake 2022
At least 1036 people have died, and another 2949 were injured in an earthquake that struck
Afghanistan’s Paktika province on the morning of Wednesday 22 June 2022 at 01:24hrs
when many people were asleep at home.
The earthquake in Afghanistan formed when the Indian plate crushed violently with
Eurasian plate. Along with causing earthquakes, this movement creates mountains like
Himalayas.
Source: [Link]/Afghanistan-earthquake-22
Fig. 2

(i) With the aid of Fig. 2, explain how the earthquake may have been formed.
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(ii) With the aid of Fig. 2, describe the impacts of earthquakes on people and the environment.
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For
Examiners
Use

(iii) Suggest five ways through which the impacts of earthquakes can be reduced .
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[Total: 20marks]

2 (a) Study Fig. 3 which shows water abstraction by some Water Utilities Corporation
management centres.

Management Centre Abstraction (000m³)

2017/2018 2018/2019

Francistown 15072 14985

Molepolole 5455 5579
Lobatse 9346 9792
Palapye 4643 6329
Gaborone 24725 22578
Ghanzi 1460 1458
Maun 3914 4541

TOTAL 64 615 65 262

Fig.3

Adapted from: Ministry of Land Management, Water & Sanitation Services: Water Accounting

Report. March 2021.

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(i) Name the centre with the highest abstraction of water.

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(ii) Suggest reasons why the centre named in (a) (i) has the highest abstraction of water.

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(iii) Describe how the increase in abstraction of water is likely to affect the environment.

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(b) There are many wildlife management areas in Botswana where flora and fauna are conserved.

(i) Name two examples of wildlife management areas found in Botswana where fauna
is conserved.
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(ii) Describe four challenges which are associated with wildlife management in Botswana.

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________________________________________________________________________ For
Examiners
________________________________________________________________________ [4] Use

(i) Describe ways that are used to conserve wild animals in Botswana.
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[Total: 20 marks]

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3 (a) The government of Botswana has put in place strategies or policies to help increase food

production in Botswana.

(i) Name and locate on a map of Botswana, a commercial arable farm. Use two
geographical features to clearly locate it. [4]

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For
Examiners
Use

(ii) Describe the factors that influenced the location of commercial arable farms in
Botswana.
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______________________________________________________________________
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(iii) Suggest strategies that Botswana government may use to increase food production
in Botswana.
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b) To diversify the economy, Botswana Tourism Organisation (BTO) has

intensified marketing of the country’s tourism industry throughout the world.
Describe the benefits of tourism to the economy of Botswana.
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[Total: 20 marks]

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4 (a) Botswana is experiencing new HIV infections every year despite efforts made by the For
Examiners
government to curb the spread of the virus. Use

(i) State four (4) efforts made by Botswana government to curb the spread of HIV/AIDS.
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(ii) Explain why HIV infections continue to increase despite government efforts to curb
the spread.
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(iii) Describe how new HIV infections would affect the economy of Botswana.
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(b) Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as cancer and sugar diabetes are a cause of
many deaths worldwide.

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Describe the role of stakeholders in reducing the number of people contracting

non-communicable diseases.
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[Total: 20marks]

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