Cor AD 1 (institutional correction)

MODULE 1
INSTITUTIONAL
CORRECTION
Welcome to Module 1! This Module introduces the importance of
Correction to Criminal Justice System. Furthermore, this includes the
different Types or System of Correction.

LESSON 1
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Cor AD 1 (institutional correction)

History of Correction
Lesson Objectives / Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. Trace the history of corrections
2. Define what is correction and apply the basic terminologies used in this
study
3. Explain the forms of punishment in primitive times
4. Summarize and discuss the development of prison
5. Enumerate and discuss the contribution of school of penology in the field
of correction
6. Contrast the principles of the School of Thought
7. Assess the effectiveness of the correctional system of the Philippines
8. Explain the process of Criminal Justice System of the Philippines and
identify the primary functions of its components
Time Frame:

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to Lesson 1 of Module 1! In this lesson, you will learn the history and development of
Correction. In Criminal Justice System, correction is one of the pillars which focus on custody,
supervision and rehabilitation/reformation of the convicted person.
Moreover, you should also know the early forms of punishment and its system and development
of prison and the punishment.
Please continue reading and learn more!

ACTIVITY NO. 1

Let’s try this!

Using the Venn diagram, discuss and describe the difference of the Auburn Prison System from
Pennsylvania Prison System?

ANALYSIS
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 Cor AD 1 (institutional correction)

Can you answer these questions?...

1 What is Correction?
2 What is its importance to Criminal Justice System?

ABSTRACTION

Correction is a branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the custody, supervision
and rehabilitation of criminal offenders. It is the field of criminal justice administration, which utilizes
the body of knowledge and practices of the government and the society in general involving the
processes of handling individuals who have been convicted of offenses for purposes of crime prevention
and control (Tugbo, 1998).
Correction as a process is the orientation of the criminal offenders to prevent them from
repeating their delinquent actions without the necessity of taking punitive action, but rather an
introduction of individual measures for reformation.

Early Forms of Punishments in Primitive Time

 Blood Feuds – an Ancient culture developed the idea of justice based in vengeance, retribution
and compensation. Punishment was carried out by the victim personally, along with the help
provided by one’s family.
 Lex Taliones (Law of Retaliation) – the system of social control was quite simple that these
formulations were Codes, not a Law.
 The Medieval Punishment – exercise a very brutal punishment such as; knives, axes, whip,
barnacles, collars and cuffs were commonly used to inflict punishment along with confinement
in cold, dark, damp, vermin and infested dungeons. There are four forms:
 Iron Maiden – is a box like device with the front half hinged like a door so that a person
could be placed inside; when the door was shut, protruding spikes both back and front
entered the body of the victim.
 The Rack – a kind of a device that drags apart the joints in the feet and hands.
 The Tower of London – built as a fortress for defense of the city. The more complex
than the rack, the whole body is bent that some blood exudes from the tips of the hands
and feet.
 Banishment and Exile – offenders were transported to banishment or exile, cutting of all
communication to his/her relatives (Fox, 1998).
The World’s Worst Infamy Prisons
1. Bastille Prisons – a fortress prison in Paris, France; also a symbol of royal absolutism before the
French revolution in 1370. Famous political leaders who imprisoned here are Voltaire and
Marquis de Sade.
2. Alcatraz Prison – an island in San Francisco bay. The island was discovered by the Spaniards in
1545 and in 1850, it was fortified and used as military prisons. It was closed in 1963 because of
its high cost of maintenance. Famous person imprisoned was known as Godfather of Mafia
Family in the person of Al Capone.
3. Sachsenhausen Prison – built in 1939 outside the Berlin proper as Germany’s concentration
camps for the dreaded Nazi’s elite force. It was famous because it was transformed into gas
chambers wherein hundred thousands of people died mostly of Jew’s descent.
4. Auschwitz Prison – built by German near Cracow, Poland, it was known as the death camp
headed by Rudolf Hoess because more than two (2) million innocent people perished.
5. Toul Sleng Prison - the most notorious prison in Cambodia. It looks like a mountain-size file of
human skull and bones.
6. Insein Prison – situated in Rangoon Burma, now Myanmar. The height of political unrest
country’s stability.
Development of Prisons

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Cor AD 1 (institutional correction)
The word Prison has found its roots from Greco Roman word “Presidio” means before inside,
which is synonymous to a “”Fence, Cave and or Dungeon.
There are some and form of prison development:
1. The Walnut Street Prison — originally, constructed as detention jail in Philadelphia. It was
converted into a state prison and became the first American Penitentiary. Establish the principle
of solitary confinement, strict discipline, productive work and segregation of the dangerous
offenders.
2. The Auburn System – its features was the confinement of the prisoners in single cell at night and
congregate work in shops during day time.
3. The Pennsylvania Prisons – the rival of the Auburn. Its features consist a solitary confinement
of the prisoners in their own cell day and night where they lived, slept, received religious
instructions and read the bible, silence also strictly observed (Fox, 1998).

School of Penology
1. Classical School – this school of thought was advocated by Dr. Cesare Beccaria who
maintained the doctrine of psychological hedonism that an individual calculates pleasure and
pain in concordance to his actions and regulations. The Doctrine of school thought is the
“Doctrine of Free Will”.
2. Positive School of Thought – advocated by Dr. Cesare Lombroso: known as the father of
Modern Criminology. This school of thought opposed the doctrine of free will. The person
who committed a crime should not be punished instead they must be treated as a sick person
who did not know what is right and what is wrong.
3. Neo-Classical School – it maintains that while the Classical school doctrine in general is
correct, it should be modified in certain details. It argues that since children and lunatic
persons cannot calculate pleasure and pain hence they should not be regarded as criminals
and as such they should not be punished.

APPLICATION

Let’s do this!

Instructions:
1. Make a short video (maximum of 60 seconds) showing a scenario of the importance of
Correction.
2. Criteria:
a. Originality – 20 %
b. Performance – 40 %
c. Theme – 40 %
3. You can use props, except deadly weapon, for better illustrations.

Congratulations!
You have finished Module 1 – Lesson 1,
Introduction to Personal Identification

Do you want more? Continue on Lesson 2.

NEXT TOPIC

1. Modern Concept of Penology and Jails

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 Cor AD 1 (institutional correction)

LESSON 2
Modern Concept of Penology and Jails

Lesson Objectives / Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1 Explain orally the modern concept of penology and jails
2 Discuss the purpose of confinement
3 Differentiate and discuss the types of jails
4 Understand the mission, objectives and principles of jail bureau
5 Identify the key position and qualification of jail bureau and explain
the duties and responsibilities of BJMP officers
Time Frame:

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to Lesson 2 of Module 1! In this lesson, you will learn the Modern Concept of
Penology and Jails. This will help the students determine the essential matters in terms of concept of
Penology and jails. These concepts can be very useful in explaining on how Penology works and its
nature.
Do you want to know what is Penology? Proceed to the next part!

ACTIVITY NO. 2

Let’s try this!

What is the concept of modern penology? What is its importance in the treatment of an
offender?

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ANALYSIS 5
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Cor AD 1 (institutional correction)

Can you answer these questions?...

1. What are the difference between Inmate and Detainee?
2. What is Carpeta?

ABSTRACTION

I. CONFINEMENT

Purpose of Confinement:
The Bureau of Correction has its own two purpose of confinement of the offenders or persons
committed to prisons:
a. To segregate them from the society and
b. To rehabilitate them so that upon return to society they shall be responsible and law abiding
citizens.

II. PRINCIPLES OF CORRECTION

Bureau of Correction has three basic principles in the rules and admission, custody, and treatment of
inmates.
a. Seek to promote discipline and to secure the reformation, and safe custody of inmates.
b. Justice shall be applied impartially without discrimination on grounds of race, colors,
genders, language, religion or other opinion, nationality or social origin, property, birth and
or other status.
c. Justice shall be enforced with firmness but tempered with understanding.

III. DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Prison – refers to a penal establishment under the control of the Bureau of Corrections and shall
include the New Bilibid Prisons and other correctional institutions.
2. Inmate – a national prisoner or one sentenced by a court to serve a maximum term of
imprisonment.
3. Detainee – a person who is confined in prison pending preliminary investigation, trial or appeal
or upon legal process issued by competent authority.
4. Death Convict – an inmate whose death penalty is imposed by regional trial court, which is
affirmed by the Supreme Court En Banc.
5. Superintendent – refers to the one in charge of prisons.
6. Carpeta – the institutional record of inmates which consists of mittimus commitment order,
prosecutor’s information and the decision of the trial court including the appellate court.
7. Prison Record – refers to information concerning an inmates personal circumstances, offense
committed, sentenced imposed, criminal case number in the trial, and appellate courts, the date
when the inmate received mittimus commitment order for confinement; the place of confinement
, the date of expiration of sentence, the number of previous convictions, and the behavior or
conduct while in prison.

IV. JAILS
I. Origin of the word Jail
The term jail is derived from Spanish word, “JUALO” which means Cage. Etymologist
attributed the word jail to have originated from Spanish term “CAULA” and “GAOL” in the
French word.

II. Types of Jail

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1. Lock-up Cells – is a security Facility for the temporary detention of persons held for
investigation.
2. City, Municipal and Provincial Jail – house of both offenders awaiting for court actions, those
serving short sentences usually up to three years only, and juvenile offenders pending for transfer
to social service agency (Macasiano, 1999)

V. JAIL BUREAU MISSION, OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPLES AND CORE VALUES

MISSION
The jail bureau shall direct, supervise and control the administration and operation of all district, city
and municipal jails to effect to a better system of management nationwide.

OBJECTIVES
The broad objectives of the bureau are the following:
a. To improve the living conditions of offenders in accordance with the accepted standards set by
the United Nations.
b. To enhance rehabilitation and reformation of offenders in preparation for their eventual
reintegration in the mainstream of society upon their release and
c. To professionalize jail services.

PRINCIPLES
The following principles shall be observed in the implementation of the preceding sections.
a. It is the obligation of jail authorities to confine offenders safety and provide rehabilitative
programs that will negate criminal tendencies, and restore their positive values to make them
productive and law abiding citizens.
b. No procedure or system of correction shall deprive any offender of hope for his ultimate return to
the fold of the full membership in society.
c. Unless proved otherwise, any person accused of a criminal offense shall be presumed innocent
and his rights as a free citizen shall be respected, except for such indispensable restraints during
his confinement in the interest of justice and public safety.
d. Offenders are human being entitled to the same basic rights and privileges enjoyed by citizens in
a free society, except that the exercise of these are limited or controlled for security reasons.
e. Health preservation and prompt treatment of illness or injury are basic rights of every person
confined in jail. It is the duty of jail authorities to arrange for their treatment subject to security
measures.
f. Members of the custodial force shall set themselves as example by performing their duties in
accordance with the rules and shall respect the laws duly constituted by authorities.
g. No jail personnel shall use abusive, insulting and indecent language on the offenders.
h. No jail personnel shall use unnecessary force on offenders, except for legitimate self-defense or
in cases of attempted active and passive physical resistance to lawful order.
i. No penalty shall be imposed upon any offender for violation of rules/regulations unless in
accordance with duly approved disciplinary procedures.
j. Penalties to be imposed shall not be cruel, inhuman or degrading. No physical punishment shall
be employed as a correctional measure.
k. Members of the force must understand that offenders need treatment and counseling and the
primary purpose of confinements is for safekeeping and rehabilitation.
l. When conducting routinely custodial (in cell or compound) guarding, the ratio of 1:7 or one
guard for every seven offenders shall be observed.
m. When offender is in transit, the ratio of 1:1 + 1 for every offender shall be observed.

CORE VALUES
The personnel are guided by the following core values.
a. Commitment – strong sense of dedication to ideals of the organization and to the public that it
serves.
b. Respect for Human Rights – promote and protect the right of our fellow human being.
c. Efficiency/Competence – mastery of important skills for delivery of quality services.
d. Self Discipline – the ability to act regardless of emotional state, or the ability to withstand
undue and unjust influences.
e. Teamwork – the combined effective action of all personnel.
VI. QUALIFICATION FOR KEY POSITION
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Cor AD 1 (institutional correction)

Chief, BJMP
1. Should have the rank of at least Jail Senior Superintendent:
2. Should be a member of the Philippine Bar or a holder of Master’s Degree in management, Public
Administration, Public Safety, Criminology, Penology, Sociology, National Security
Administration, Defense Studies or other related disciplines from a recognized institution of
learning.
3. Should have satisfactory completed the mandatory training or career courses for such positions,
including the Public Safety Officer’s Senior Executive Course: and
4. Should posses the required 3rd Level Eligibility.

Jail Regional Director

1. Should have the rank of at least Jail Senior Superintendent:
2. Should be a graduate of Bachelor of Laws or a holder of Master’s Degree in management, Public
Administration, Public Safety, Criminology, Penology, Sociology, National Security
Administration, Defense Studies or other related disciplines from a recognized institution of
learning.
3. Should have satisfactory completed the mandatory training or career courses for such positions,
including the Public Safety Officer’s Senior Executive Course: and
4. Should posses the required 3rd Level Eligibility.

Jail Provincial Administrator

1. Should have the rank of at least Jail Superintendent:
2. Should be a graduate of Bachelor of Laws or a holder of Master’s Degree in management, Public
Administration, Public Safety, Criminology, Penology, Sociology, National Security
Administration, Defense Studies or other related disciplines from a recognized institution of
learning.
3. Should have satisfactory completed the mandatory training or career courses for such positions,
including the Public Safety Advanced Course: and
4. Should have been previously assigned in a supervisory position in the jail service.

District Jail Warden/Wardress

1. Should have the rank of at least Jail Superintendent:
2. Should be a graduate of Bachelor of Laws or a holder of Master’s Degree in management, Public
Administration, Public Safety, Criminology, Penology, Sociology, National Security
Administration, Defense Studies or other related disciplines from a recognized institution of
learning.
3. Should have satisfactory completed the mandatory training or career courses for such positions,
including the Public Safety Officer’s Senior Executive Course: and
4. Should have been previously assigned in a supervisory position in the jail service.

City Jail Warden/Wardress

1 Should have the rank of at least Jail Chief Inspector:
2 Should be a college graduate who must have finished at least second year of Bachelor of
Laws or at least twenty four (24) units of Master’s Degree in management, Public
Administration, Public Safety, Criminology, Penology, Sociology, National Security
Administration, Defense Studies or other related disciplines from a recognized institution of
learning.
3 Should have satisfactory completed the mandatory training or career courses for such
positions, including the Public Safety Officer’s Basic Course and Public Safety Officer’s
Advance Course:
4 Should have been previously assigned in a supervisory position in the jail service and
5 In case of City Jails with an inmate population of one thousand (1,000) or more, the City Jail
Warden should have the rank and qualifications of a District Jail Warden.

Municipal Jail Warden/Wardress

1 Should have the rank of at least Jail Senior Inspector:
2 Should be a college graduate who must have finished at least second year of Bachelor of
Laws or at least twenty four (24) units of Master’s Degree in management, Public
Administration, Public Safety, Criminology, Penology, Sociology, National Security
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 Cor AD 1 (institutional correction)
Administration, Defense Studies or other related disciplines from a recognized institution of
learning.
3 Should have satisfactory completed the mandatory training or career courses for such positions,
including the Public Safety Officer’s Basic Course and
4 Should have been previously assigned in a supervisory position in the jail service.

VII. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY OFFICERS

Chief, BJMP
[Link] as adviser to the secretary of the DILG relating to formulation and implementation of policies,
plans and programs in the supervision and control of district, city and municipal jails nationwide;
b. Exercise command, supervision and control over all personnel of the Jail Bureau;
[Link] and implements laws relating to jail management and enforces rules and regulations
governing the administration and operation of Jail Bureau down to its lowest units;
d. Recommends to the secretary rules and regulation and other guidelines which require the department’s
approval;
[Link] directives, instructions and policies for the efficient implementation of programs; and,
f. Appoints new applicants and promotes non-officers rank within National Headqaurters and officers rank
from Jail Inspector to Superintendent nationwide
g. Perfumes such other functions as may be directed by higher authorities.

Jail Regional Director

[Link], monitors and control district, city and municipal jails within the area of responsibility.
b. Appoints new applicants and promotes non-officer rank within the are of responsibility;
[Link] proper and effective utilization of resources in the administration of jails in the region;
d. Implements laws, rules, policies, guidelines and standards handed down by higher authorities;
[Link] technical advice and assistance or government offices and other agencies regarding jail matters
within his jurisdiction; and,
f. Perform other functions as the chief, BJMP may direct.

Jail Provincial Administrator

[Link] BJMP jails within the province and sees to it that all directive, policies, rules and guidelines
are strictly followed; and,
b. Perform others functions as the Regional Director may direct.

Jail warden/Wardress
[Link] and controls all personnel and inmates in the jail;
b. Implements legal order, rules, regulation and directives on jail operation and administration;
[Link] sanctions and other disciplinary actions on inmates or personnel under his command for
disobedience or infraction of orders.
d. Supervises the conduct of greyhound operations and inspection of jail facilities and promises;
[Link] the security and control of the jail facility and provides inmates welfare and development
programs;
f. Promotes the welfare and morale of personnel and inmates;
g. Assumes responsibility for the formulation and implementation of emergency plans to preclude
occurrence of jail incidents and disturbances;
h. Ensures proper utilization of resources and maintain of facility, supplies, and equipment.
i. Establishes linkages with GO’s NGOs and/ or the tri- media;
j. Submits periodic and spot reports, if necessary, to regional office;
k. Turn- over duties and responsibilities including supplies, funds, organic equipment, records and
paraphernalia to the incoming jail warden upon relief; and,
l. Performs other functions as the Regional Director may direct.

VIII. COURTS AND OTHER ENTITIES AUTHORIZE TO COMMIT A PERSON TO JAIL

The following (courts and entities) are authorized to commit a person to jail.
a. Supreme Court
b. Court of Appeals
c. Sandiganbayan
d. Regional Trial Court
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 Cor AD 1 (institutional correction)
e. Metropolitan/Municipal Trial Court
f. Municipal Circuit Trial Court
g. Congress of the Philippines

IX. CATEGORIES OF INMATES

There are two general classes of inmates are:
1. Prisoner – inmate who is convicted by final judgment.
2. Detainee – inmate who is understanding investigation/trial or awaiting trial/sentencing.

X. CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS
The four (4) main classifications of prisoners are:
a. Insular Prisoner – one who is sentence to a prison term of three years and one day to death.
b. Provincial Prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of six months and one day to three
years.
c. City Prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of one day to three years.
d. Municipal Prisoner – one who is sentenced to prison term of one day to six months.

XI. CLASSIFICATION OF DETAINEES

The three types of detainees are those:
a. Undergoing Investigation
b. Awaiting or undergoing trial
c. Awaiting final judgment
XII. INMATES SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
The following are the classification of inmates according to security risk:
a. High Risk Inmates
b. High Profile Inmates
c. Ordinary Inmates

XIII. REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMITMENT

The following are the requirements for commitment:
a. Commitment Order
b. Medical Certificate
c. Complaint/Information
d. Police Booking Sheet

APPLICATION

Let’s do this!

1. Make a short video (maximum of 60 seconds) showing a scenario of one Principles in Jail
Bureau, choose one principle only.
2. Criteria:
d. Originality – 20 %
e. Performance – 40 %
f. Theme – 40 %
3. You can use props, except deadly weapon, for better illustrations.

Congratulations!
You have finished Module 1 – Lesson 2,
Personal Identification Techniques

Do you want to know the Most Common Scientific Method of Identification? Continue on
Module 2.

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 Cor AD 1 (institutional correction)

MODULE 2
INSTITUTIONAL
CORRECTION
Welcome to Module 2! This Module introduces the Reception Procedures,
Seven Penal Institutions of the Philippines and the History of early Prison in
the Philippines.

LESSON 1
Reception Procedures
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Cor AD 1 (institutional correction)

Lesson Objectives / Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. Discuss what are the Reception Procedures
2. Explain what are the Punishable Acts
3. Explain the Special need or unusual offenders
4. Summarize and discuss the security and control of prison
5. Explain and Discuss the Duties of Custodial force

Time Frame:

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to Lesson 1 of Module 2! In this lesson, you will learn the reception procedure, the
special need or unusual offenders and the punishable acts in prison. Moreover, you should also know the
security and control of prison and also the duties of custodial force in prison.
Please continue reading and learn more!

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