Vehicle Road Load Requirement
1
Pb ( FR FD Fa FC ) S V
T
Pb = Required engine brake power output
T = Transmission efficiency
FR = Rolling frictional force ( = CR Mg cos() ; CR ~ 0.015)
FD = Aerodynamic drag force ( = 0.5 a Sv2 CD Av ; CD ~ 0.3)
Fa = Force to provide acceleration (= Ma)
FC = Force for climbing incline = (Mg sin() ) ; negative for downhill
Sv = Vehicle speed
Sv
Mg
1
Truck Road Load Requirement
800
20,000 lb truck
700
Power required (kW)
600
1/10 grade power required
500
Hill climbing
400 Level road power
required
300 Aerodynamic
drag
200
100
Rolling friction
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
MPH
2
Vehicle Road Load Requirement
Vehicle speed and engine rpm are related
N d
S v G.R.
Sv = Vehicle speed
N = Engine revolution per second ( = RPM / 60)
G.R. = Overall gear ratio
d = External diameter of tire
BMEP of engine
Pb
BMEP
VDN / nR
VD = Engine displacement
R = 1 for two-stroke engine; 2 for four-stroke engine
3
Passenger car SI engine map
12
5th gear
11 5% incline 5th gear,
flat road
10
4th gear
9 4th gear, 5% incline
Relative flat road
8 efficiency = 1
BMEP (bar)
252 g/KW-hr =0.88
6
5
=0.78 =0.70
4 288 =0.64
3rd gear,
3 flat road
324 =0.58
360 =0.54
2
=0.50
1
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Engine speed (rpm) Data from SAE 910676;
5th gear; 35 mph; 70 mph
Saturn I4 engine
3rd gear; 70 mph
4
MIT OpenCourseWare
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2.61 Internal Combustion Engines
Spring 2017
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