Selt -controlled Synchronous motos daive Employmg

aa Cyclo conver ter

3phase Gycloconverter
Supply
Synchronous
mottr

Set Contr ol led dve consists op a synchronouy

motor fd by a cycloconverter. Fing puisn are
generated either by Conmpanson sp the mot
temnal voltâgeg oo by Totor pasttion Senso
yclo conrerter Çontrol bay Smooth loo Speed operats,
four-quadrant operat eoth regenerabve brakng and
good dynami espome. . But it has lo speed rang
and tt Large number of thyristos it beCorn
economi caly acceptabl ony ehen the dave ratng is hyh,
The dave ts employed in loeolo) Speed geatless daves
fox ball mills in Cernent plantr , mihe bosts
,serersM
romg mills. A Cydo Converter ?s
ideally Sutabe
fex Such [Link]
frequeny Suppy. This dnre ts auso
knon as ac Commutatoo Less motuY
Self controlled synchronous motor drives employing load

commutated thyristor inverter

 Pemanent magnet ac motos dves
Peomanent magnet Syrnchronous motors are noew

Commony known an pemanant mag net c (PMAS)

[Link] are classifed [Link] the nature
°t voitdqe tnduced ?n the stator ag

i) Smusotdally eited Pmte motns

mote
Tt) Trapezo;dally eraited pmAc
Smuso idal PmAe
PMAe moto0 bas disti buted omdng
¡o the Stator. Rot polen are So Shaped that t e
votage toduced ina statr phane ban a Smunoidal
Ware fom. S t a t r

Rot Rotr
Cone Cone

magnet
inst magnet InterN magnet

The statr t a trape zoidal prnte motr hay

Concentreted wmdy & a otr eoth a de pole arc.
The volta ioduced in the - S t a t r

Statr þhane has a trapezoidal

warefom. ’mg
moturs aree Roy
These pmAe Cone
Brushless dc motn
al so ca tled Sur faa mounby
 Vaniabl Teluctanta. type steppr notor

Ihelarqe Vanethn op Stepp mot oss Can be

diviled 1nto 3
Cateqones
O Van abta 3eluttano Sinqla Stace o
muth Stack
Pamanent mugnet
Hybnd

Vanabla oeluctan ta StoPprs mot Can be of Sing

Sta ck Ormuttistack ype
Sinqlu - Stack Van abte
eluctana nor

A Vanabl Te luc tan a

Stator
A Stepper motor bas Sationt pola
Stata & notor, dhe notor
has no endngs, stator has
Concentrated Cois placed over

Rotor
the stato pols. Stator dnd
phase number depends on th
Connection of tator Coils, whon
t Stator phase are edted in a de fnite Sequena

rem dc Source oith ttu bep of Semi

cohducta Swteh,
Or 5ad Steps around and Notor fouows
OeSultant gap
the aais of aiigep fend du to 3eluctana torgu devdepud
Ckt to Ocu
py ho Posihm
by he tenden, Of mog
C, D Cmcenhrated stnsr
mimmum Tellufan a .|A B, ar

ane Switl Coic

'2 4
Mulh St ackk ( m-Stack Vaiable nelucana moty
These are used to Obtain Smaller Step Siz,
typically in tha range o 2 to S. AIhough three
StackS Are Comm on a muth-Stack motoor
,
ma
employ as many an Seven Statks
A m-Stack motor Can be Viecwed as
Consisting
Of m' identical
Single Stack vanable 9eluctana
motos witth thet Nodors mounted on Common sho4E
Th Statoa & notors bave the Same mumber ot poles
and thotr for Same
pou Pitch
Au
A the Stator pole 0ndings nagiven Staee
Cre
enesqied S'multaneousy unike Sing Stac
motor
The motrs ba ha Same numbe of phase
ha number Stact

Stats

Rot

Stahr
Dve Cisuuits foo
Stepper motors

ideo'

lSAchuod
>t
VA
DF idea

7t
Actual

A stepper motos is dn Ven from a locd voltage

de Source. When aa phase is
ts to be eneqised the
do Source is Connected to the phase by a Seeitch S,
The phage unent bilds up when Switch is ON,
ohen the phase is to be deengised,Seoiteh is tuand o
Whrch trans fers the urent to freecobeelinq diode DE.
De
The current dops to Zero. Tn order to
Copabiliy ofa step motod, dve Ciiwt Shoud be
Sueh that tie Cuerent bild
Q decay a fast
Dossibe, an Shown in above diogramg
Uni ipolau dve foo Vanable ReluctanG motors
In Case op Vamable 0eluctanca motoIs,

unipol as dre, wbrb is Capable of Suppymg

Cunent ony i9 One direct is Sufficent
 ^ Simpla uni poau dnve Cisuit Suitable fers
low power two phase Vasab geetance

olhane
A
4DE phoae

S
S2

ewben Soteh S is closed, phoe t wmdmg

Connected to ttae d Soura Vd. and phae ceu nent
builds up &ewten it is opened tae phaue cunent clelasr
10 tte freeeheelmg path Consistng t phase A, De
&e Re, The etemal resista RE 7educes the electical

tneme constant, ttere boy Spedag up the cuent buid

Ceerren tioeons through resistos g Caue energy

inefici ent. Suitable
TOaken
ani polae cirutdnve e
(ow poeDer
hsby
StePPer
mots.