ISC 2026 EXAMINATION

Sample Question Paper - 2

Mathematics

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

This Question Paper consists of three sections A, B and C.

Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Section A and all questions

EITHER from Section B OR Section C.

Section A: Internal choice has been provided in two questions of two marks each, two questions of four marks each

and two questions of six marks each.

Section B: Internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks and one question of four marks.

Section C: Internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks and one question of four marks.

All working, including rough work, should be done on the same sheet as, and adjacent to the rest of the answer.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

Mathematical tables and graph papers are provided.

SECTION A - 65 MARKS
1. In subparts (i) to (x) choose the correct options and in subparts (xi) to (xv), answer the questions as [15]
instructed.
(a) If A is a square matrix such that A2 = A, then (I - A)3 + A is equal to: [1]

a) I + A b) I

c) 0 d) I - A
(b) ∫ cosec xdx=? [1]

a) log |cosec x - cot x| + C b) log |cosec x + cot x| + C

c) - log |cosec x - cot x| + C d) 2 log |cosec x - cot x| + C

(c) cot(cos-1x ) is equal to [1]

a) x
b) |x|

√1+x2 √1−x2

−x
c) x
d)
√1−x2 √1−x2

dy
(d) General solution of + y tan x = sec x is: [1]
dx

a) tan x = y tan x + c b) y tan x = sec x + c

c) x sec x = tan y + c d) y sec x = tan x + c

(e) Two events E and F are independent. If P(E) = 0.3, P(E ∪ F)=0.5 then P(E|F) - P(F|E) equals [1]
 a) b)
1 3

70 35

c) 2

7
d) 1

(f) Let A = {1,2, 3}, B = {4, 5, 6, 7} and let f = {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)} be a function from A to B. Based [1]
on the given information, f is best defined as:

a) not bijective b) Bijective function

c) Surjective function d) Injective function

(g) If f (x) = tan-1x and g (x) = tan-1(
x+1
), then [1]
1−x

a) f (x) = g(x) b) Df = Dg

c) f (x) = 2g(x) d) f ‘ (x) = g ‘ (x)

sin 5x
(h) 2
, x ≠ 0 [1]
If f(x) = [ x +2x

1
is continuous at x = 0, then the value of k is
k + , x = 0
2

a) 2 b) -2

c) d) 1
1

(i) Which of the following is correct [1]

a) Determinant is a number associated to a b) Determinant is a square matrix

matrix.

c) Determinant is a number associated to a d) Determinant is a number not associated

square matrix. to a square matrix.
(j) Assertion (A): If A = [
10 −2
] , then A-1 does not exist. [1]
−5 1

Reason (R): On using elementary column operations C2 → C2 - 2C1 in the following matrix equation
1 −3 1 −1 3 1 1 −5 1 −1 3 −5
[ ] = [ ][ ] , we have [ ] = [ ][ ] .
2 4 0 1 2 4 2 0 0 1 2 0

a) Both A and R are true and R is the b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

(k) Consider f : {1, 2, 3} → {a, b, c} given by f(1) = a, f(2) = b and f(3) = c. Find f-1 and show that (f-1)-1 [1]
= f.
(l) Give an example of a skew symmetric matrix of order 3. [1]
(m) [1]
|x|
Let A = {x ∈ R : - 4 ≤ x ≤ 4 and x ≠ 0} and f : A → R be defined by f(x) =
x
. Write the range
of f.
(n) If A and B are two events such that P (A) and P (A ∩ B) , find P (A
¯
/B). [1]
7 9 4
= , P (B) = =
13 13 13

(o) Let A and B be the events such that P(A) = , P(B) = and P(A ∪ B) = , find P( ). [1]
5 6 7 B

11 11 11 A

2. Find
dy
for (x + y)2 = 2axy [2]
dx

OR
Find the interval of the function f(x) = x3 -12x2 + 36x + 17 is increasing or decreasing.
3. Evaluate: ∫ e x
(
cos x+sin x

2
) dx . [2]
cos x

4. The edge of a variable cube is increasing at the rate of 10 cm/sec. How fast is the volume of the cube increasing [2]
 when the edge is 5 cm long?
2

5. Integrate the function:

(log x)
[2]
x

OR
3 2
x −x +x−1
Evaluate: ∫ x−1
dx

6. Show the relation R in the set A = {x ∈ Z : 0 ≤ x ≤ 12}, given by [2]

R = {(a, b) : |a – b| is a multiple of 4} is an equivalence relation.
Find the set of all elements related to 1 in each case.
3

7. Prove that tan −1

y + tan
−1
(
2y
) = tan
−1
(
3y−y
). [4]
2 2
1−y 1−3y

[4]
(3−2x)
8. Evaluate: ​∫ dx
√2+x−x2

9. If x= tan( 1
log y) , prove that (1 + x 2
)
d y
+ (2x − a)
dy
= 0 [4]
a dx
2
dx

OR
At what points on the curve, is the tangent parallel to the x-axis? If y = 12(x + 1) (x – 2) on [–1, 2]
10. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
In pre-board examination of class XII, commerce stream with Economics and Mathematics of a particular
school, 50% of the students failed in Economics, 35% failed in Mathematics and 25% failed in both Economics
and Mathematics. A student is selected at random from the class.

(a) Find the probability that the selected student has failed in Economics, if it is known that he has failed in
Mathematics?
(b) Find the probability that the selected student has failed in Mathematics, if it is known that he has failed in
Economics?
(c) Find the probability that the selected student has passed in Mathematics, if it is known that he has failed in
Economics?
(d) Find the probability that the selected student has passed in Economics, if it is known that he has failed in
Mathematics?
OR
Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
In pre-board examination of class XII, commerce stream with Economics and Mathematics of a particular
school, 50% of the students failed in Economics, 35% failed in Mathematics and 25% failed in both Economics
and Mathematics. A student is selected at random from the class.

(a) How is Bayes' theorem different from conditional probability?

(b) Write the rule of Total Probability.
 (c) What is the probability that the shell fired from exactly one of them hit the plane?
(d) If it is know that the shell fired from exactly one of them hit the plane, then what is the probability that it
was fired from B?
11. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [6]
Two farmers Shyam and Balwan Singh cultivate only three varieties of pulses namely Urad, Masoor and Mung.
The sale (in ₹) of these varieties of pulses by both the farmers in the month of September and October are given
by the following matrices A and B.
September sales (in ₹)

Urad Masoor Mung

10000 20000 30000 Shyam

A=[ ]
50000 30000 10000 Balwan Singh

October sales (in ₹)

Urad Masoor Mung

5000 10000 6000 Shyam

B=[ ]
20000 10000 10000 Balwan Singh

(a) What were the combined sales of Masoor for farmer Balwan Singh in September and October?
(b) What were the combined sales of Urad for farmer Shyam in September and October?
(c) How much did the sales of Mung decrease from September to October for farmer Shyam?

12. Solve the following differential equation : x2dy + (xy + y2)dx = 0, when x = 1 and y = 1. [6]
OR
x x

Show that the differential equation (1 + e is homogeneous and solve it.

x
y
) dx + e y
(1 − ) dy = 0
y

13. Show that the altitude of a right circular cone of maximum that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius r is 4r

3
. [6]
OR
Find the coordinates of a point on the parabola y = x2 + 7x + 2 which is closest to the straight line y = 3x - 3.
14. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [6]
Shama is studying in class XII. She wants do graduate in chemical engineering. Her main subjects are
mathematics, physics, and chemistry. In the examination, her probabilities of getting grade A in these subjects
are 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 respectively.

(a) Find the probability that she gets grade A in all subjects.
(b) Find the probability that she gets grade A in no subjects.
(c) Find the probability that she gets grade A in two subjects.
(d) Find the probability that she gets grade A in at least one subject.
 SECTION B - 15 MARKS
15. In subparts (i) and (ii) choose the correct options and in subparts (iii) to (v), answer the questions as [5]
instructed.
(a) If |a⃗ + b|⃗ = ⃗
|a⃗ − b| Then [1]

a) |a⃗| = ⃗
|b| b) a⃗ ⊥ b
⃗

c) a⃗∥b ⃗ d) ⃗
|a⃗| ≠ |b|

(b) Write the equation of the plane parallel to YZ-plane and passing through the point (-3, 2, 0). [1]
(c) Find λ andμ , if [1]
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ⃗
( i + 3j + 9k) × (3 i − λ j + μk) = 0.

y−2
(d) [1]
x−1 z−3
The line 2
=
4
=
4
meets the plane 2x + 3y - z = 14 in the point.

a) (6, 5, 3) b) (5, 7, 3)

c) (3, 5, 7) d) (2, 5, 7)
(e) Find a unit vector normal to the plane x - 2y + 2z = 6. [1]
16. Show that the vectors a a⃗ = 1 ^ ^ ^ ⃗
(2 i + 3j + 6k), b =
1 ^ ^ ^
(3 i − 6j + 2k), c ⃗ =
1 ^ ^ ^
(6 i + 2j − 3k) are mutually [2]
7 7 7

perpendicular unit vectors.

OR
Write a vector of magnitude of 18 units in the direction of the vector ^i − 2^j − 2k
^
.
17. Find the angle between the lines r ⃗ = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
2 i − 5j + k + λ(3 i + 2j + 6k) and [4]
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r ⃗ = 7 i − 6j − 6k + μ( i + 2j + 2k).

OR
Find the direction cosines of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane r ⃗ ⋅ (6^i − 3^j − 2k
^
) + 3 = 0.

18. Find the equation of the plane that contains the point A(2, 1, -1) and is perpendicular to the line of intersection of [4]
the planes 2x + y - z = 3 and x + 2y + z = 2. Also, find the angle between the plane thus obtained and the y-axis.
SECTION C - 15 MARKS
19. In subparts (i) and (ii) choose the correct options and in subparts (iii) to (v), answer the questions as [5]
instructed.
(a) Profit function is the difference of ________ and ________. [1]

a) R(x) and C(x) b) P(X) and C(X)

c) P(x) and R(x) d) Both P(X) and R(X) and R(X) and C(X)
(b) The linear programming problem minimize Z = 3x + 2y subject to constraints x + y ≥ 8, 3x + 5y [1]
≤ 15, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0, has

a) one solution b) infinitely many solutions

c) no feasible solution d) two solutions

(c) For the lines of regression 4x - 2y = 4 and 2x - 3y + 6 = 0, find the mean of x and the mean of y. [1]
(d) A company finds that total revenue from sale of q units of its product is 2q rupees whereas the cost is [1]
2
q
500 + 1

2
(
20
) . Find the rate of change of profit when q = 500.
(e) Find the maximum profit that a company can make, if the profit function is given P(x) = 41 + 24x - [1]
18x2
20. A company has fixed cost of ₹10000 and cost of producing one unit of its product is ₹50. If each unit sells for [2]
 ₹75, find the breakeven value. Also, find the values of x for which the company always results in profit.
OR
A company has produced x items and the total cost C and total revenue R are given by the equations C = 100 +
0.015x2 and R = 3x. Find how many items should be produced to maximize the profit. What is this profit?
21. The two lines of regression are x + 2y - 5 = 0 and 2x + 3y - 8 = 0 and the variance of x is 12. Find the variance [4]
of y and the coefficient of correlation.
22. Find the linear constraints for which the shaded area in the figure below is the solution set [4]

OR
A resourceful home decorator manufactures two types of lamps say A and B. Both lamps go through two technicians,
first a cutter, second a finisher. Lamp A requires 2 hours of the cutter's time and 1 hour of the finisher's time. Lamp B
requires 1 hour of cutter's and 2 hours of finisher's time. The cutter has 104 hours and finisher has 76 hours of time
available each month. Profit on one lamp A is Rs.6.00 and on one lamp B is Rs.11.00. Assuming that he can sell all
that he produces. Develop a mathematical formulation to obtain the best return.
 Solution

SECTION A - 65 MARKS
1. In subparts (i) to (x) choose the correct options and in subparts (xi) to (xv), answer the questions as instructed.
(a) (b) I
Explanation:
Given that A2 = A
Calculating value of (I - A)3 + A:
(I - A)3 + A = I3 - 3I2A + 3IA2 - A3 +A
= I - A2A - 3A + 3A2 + A (∴ In = I and IA = A)
= I - AA - 3A + 3A + A (∴ A2 = A)
= I + A2 - 3A + 3A + A
=I
Hence, (I - A)3 + A = I
(b) (a) log |cosec x - cot x| + C
Explanation:
n+1
x
Formula :- ∫ n
x dx =
n+1
+ c

sin (α +b)=sin α cos b+cos α sin b

∫ cot x=log (sin x)+c

Therefore ,
csc x−cot x
∫ cosecx dx
csc x−cot x
2
c̥o se c x−csc x cot x
∫ dx
cosecx−cot x

Put cosecx - cot x = t (cosec2 x-cosec x cot x)dx = dt

dt
⇒ ∫
t

= log t + c
= log |cosec x - cot x| + c
(c) (c) x

√1−x2

Explanation:
−1
co s x = θ ⇒ x = cos θ
x Base.
⇒ cos θ = =
1 Hyp.

−1 Base. x
cot(co s x) = cot θ = = .
P erp. √1−x2

(d) (d) y sec x = tan x + c

Explanation:
dy
We have, dx
+ y tan x = sec x
which is a linear differential equation
Here, P = tan x, Q = sec x,
∴ I.F = e
∫ tan xdx log sec x
= e = sec x

∴ The general solution is

y sec x = ∫ sec x ⋅ sec x + C

⇒ y sec x = ∫ sec xdx + C 2

⇒ y sec x = tan x + C

(e) (a) 1

70

Explanation:
Here P(E) = 0.3, P(E ∪ F)=0.5
Let P(F) = x
 ∴ P (E ∪ F ) = P (E) + P (F ) − P (E ∩ F )

= P (E) + P (F ) − P (E) ⋅ P (F )

⇒ 0.5 = 0.3 + x - 0.3x

0.5−0.3 2
⇒ x = = = P (F )
0.7 7
P (E∩ F) P (F∩ E)
∴ P (E/F ) − P (F /E) = −
P (F) P (E)

P (E∩ F)⋅P (E)−P (F∩ E)⋅P (F)

=
P (E)⋅P (F)

P (E∩ F)[P (E)−P (F)]

= = P (E) − P (F )
P (E∩ F)

3 2 21−20 1
= − = =
10 7 70 70

(f) (d) Injective function

Explanation:
f is injective since every element in set B has atmost one pre-image in set A.
(g) (d) f ‘ (x) = g ‘ (x)
Explanation:
1+x (1−x).1−(1+x).(−1)
−1 ′ 1 1
g(x) = tan ( ) ⇒ g (x) = =
2 2
1−x 1+x
(1−x) (1+ x2 )
1+( )
1−x

(h) (a) 2
Explanation:
sin 5(0−h)
LHL = lim f(0 - h) = lim 2
h→0 h→0 (0−h ) +2(0−h)

sin 5h

5 sin θ
= − lim
5h
= [∵ lim = 1]
1 2 θ
h→0 (h−2) θ→0
5

Since, it is continuous at x = 0.
Therefore, LHL = f(0).
⇒
5

2
=k+ 1

⇒ k=2
(i) (c) Determinant is a number associated to a square matrix.
Explanation:
The determinant is an operation that we perform on arranged numbers. A square matrix is a set of arranged numbers.
We perform some operations on a matrix and we get a value that value is called as a determinant of that matrix hence
a determinant is a number associated to a square matrix.
(j) (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Assertion: We have, A = IA
10 −2 1 0
i.e., [ ]= [ ]A
−5 1 0 1
1 1
1 − 0
⇒ [
5
] = [
10
]A [applying R 1 →
10
1
R1 ]
−5 1 0 1

1 1
1 − 0
⇒ [
5
] = [
10

1
] [applying R2 → R2 + 5R]
0 0 1
2

We have all zeroes in the second row of the left hand side matrix of above equation. Therefore, A-1 does not exist.
1 −3 1 −1 3 1
Reason: The given matrix equation is [ ]= [ ][ ]
2 4 0 1 2 4

∵ The column transformation C2 → C2 - 2C1 is applied.

∴ This transformation is applied on LHS and on second matrix of RHS.
1 −5 1 −1 3 −5
Thus, we have [ ]= [ ][ ] .
2 0 0 1 2 0

(k) f = {(1, a), (2, b), (3, c)}, then it is clear that f is 1 - 1 and onto and therefore f-1 exists.

Also, f-1 = {(1, a), (b, 2), (c, 3)} and (f-1)-1 = {(1, a), (2, b), (3, c)} = f
Hence, (f-1)-1 = f
 (l) ⎡
0 1 −3
⎤

⎢ −1 0 −2 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
3 2 0

(m)We are given that, A = {x ∈ R : −4 ≤ x ≤ 4 and x ≠ 0}

|x|
f : A → R defined by f (x) = x

1 ;x > 0
Clearly f (x) = {
−1; x < 0

Therefore,Range of f = {-1, 1}
7 9
(n) P(A) = , P(B) = and P (A ∩ B) =
13 13
4

13

Therefore, required probability is given by,

¯
P ( A ∩ B)
P (B)−P (A∩ B)
¯
P (A/B) =
P (B)
= P (B)

9 4 5
−
13 13 13 5
= = =
9 9 9

13 13

5 6
(o) A and B be the events such that P(A) = 11
, P (B) =
11
and
P(A ∩ B)= P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∪ B)
5 6 7 4
= + − =
11 11 11 11

P (A∩ B)
P(B/A) =
P (A)

4 5 4
= ÷ =
11 11 5

2. We have, (x + y)2 = 2axy

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get
d 2 d
⇒ (x + y ) = (2axy)
dx dx

d dy d
⇒ 2(x + y)
dx
(x + y) = 2a [x
dx
+ y
dx
(x)] [using chain rule and product rule]
dy dy
⇒ 2(x + y) [1 + ] = 2a [x + y(1)]
dx dx

dy dy
⇒ 2(x + y) + 2(x + y) = 2ax + 2ay
dx dx
dy
⇒
dx
[2(x + y) - 2ax] = 2ay - 2(x + y)
dy 2[ay−x−y]
⇒ =
dx 2[x+y−ax]

dy ay−x−y
⇒ = ( )
dx x+y−ax

OR
Given: f(x) = x3 – 12x2 + 36x + 17
d 3 2
⇒ f (x) = (x − 12x + 36x + 17)
dx

⇒ f’(x) = 3x2 – 24x + 36

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have
⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 3x2 – 24x + 36 = 0
⇒ 3(x2 – 8x + 12) = 0
⇒ 3(x2 – 6x – 2x + 12) = 0
⇒ x2 – 6x – 2x + 12 = 0
⇒ (x – 6)(x – 2) = 0

⇒ x = 2, 6

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x < 2 and x > 6

and f’(x) < 0 if 2 < x < 6
Thus, the given function f(x) increases on (–∞ , 2) ∪ (6, ∞ ) and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (2, 6).
cos x+sin x
3. ∫ x
e (
2
) dx
cos x

= ∫ ex(sec x + sec x tan x) d x

= ∫ ex sec x dx ∫ ex sec x, tan x dx
Taking f1(x) = sec x and f2(x) = ex in the first integral and keeping the second integral intact, Using intehration by parts,

∫ ex sec xdx+∫ ex sec x tan x dx

 x d x x
= sec x ∫ e dx − ∫ [ (sec x) ∫ e dx] dx + ∫ e sec x tan xdx
dx

= ex sec x-∫ ex sec x tan x dx +∫ exsec x tan x dx + c

= ex sec x+c , where c is the integrating constant
4. Let the edge of cube be x cm
∴ = 10 cm/s (given)
dx

dt

Volume of cube (V) = x3

dV d 3 2 dx
= x = 3x
dt dt dt

dV
(
dt
) = 3(5)2 (10)
x=5

= 750 cm3/sec.
∴ Volume of cube increasing by 750 cm3/s when edge of cube is 5 cm.
5. Putting log x = t
dx
⇒ = dt
x
2
(log x)
2
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ t dt
x
3
t
= + c
3
1 3
= (log x) + c
3

OR
We have,
2
3 2 [x (x−1)+1(x−1)]
x − x +x−1
∫
x−1
dx =∫ x−1
dx
2
(x−1)(x +1)
= dx
(x−1)

=∫ (x
2
+ 1) dx =∫ 2
x dx + ∫ dx
3

= x

3
+ x + C

6. The relation R on the set A = {x ∈ Z : 0 ≤ x ≤ 12}, is given by

R = {(a, b) : |a – b| is a multiple of 4}
For any element a ∈ A, we have (a,a) ∈ R as |a-a|=0 is a multiple of 4.
Therefore, R is reflexive.
Now, Let (a,b) ∈ R
⇒ |a – b| is a multiple of 4

⇒ |b – a| = |a – b| is a multiple of 4

⇒ (b,a) ∈ R
Therefore, R is symmetric.
Finally, Let (a,b), (b,c) ∈ R
⇒ |a – b| is a multiple of 4 and |b - c| is a multiple of 4

⇒ a − b is a multiple of 4 and b − c is a multiple of 4

⇒ a− c = a− b + b − c , is a multiple of 4
⇒ |a − c| is a multiple of 4
⇒ (a,c) ∈ R

Therefore, R is transitive.
Hence, R is an equivalence relation.
The set of elements related to 1 is {1,5,9}
|1-1| = 0 is multiple of 4
|5-1| = 4 is multiple of 4
|9-1| = 8 is multiple of 4.
3
2y 3y−y
7. To Prove - tan −1
y + tan
−1
(
2
) = tan
−1
(
2
)
1−y 1−3y

2y
LHS = tan −1
y + tan
−1
(
2
)
1−y

x+y
−1 −1 −1
[tan x + tan y = tan ]
1−xy

2y
⎡ y+ ⎤
1−y 2
−1
= tan ⎢ ⎥
2y
⎣ 1−y( ) ⎦
2
1−y
 3
y− y +2y
−1
= tan ( )
1− y 2 −2y 2

3
3y−y
−1
= tan ( )
2
1−3y

= RHS
8. Formula to be used ∫ dx
= sin
−1 x

a
+ c where c is the integrating constant
√a2 − x2

(3−2x)
∴ ∫ dx
√2+x−x2

(1−2x)+2
= ∫ dx
√2+x−x2

(1−2x)
2
= ∫ dx + ∫ dx
√2+x−x2 √2+x−x2

Now for 1st integral Assuming 2 + x - x2 = a2, (1 - 2x)dx = 2ada

(1−2x)
∴ ∫ dx
√2+x−x2

2ada
= ∫
a

= 2a + c1
−−−−−−− −
2
= 2√2 + x − x + c1

For 2nd integral.

2
∴ ∫ dx
√2+x−x2

dx
= 2∫
2 2
3 1
√( ) − (x− )
2 2

1
(x− )
−1 2
= 2 sin + c2
3
( )
2

−1 2x−1
= 2 sin ( ) + c2
3

(1−2x) 2
∴ ∫ dx + ∫ dx
√2+x−x2 √2+x−x2

−−−−−−− − 2x−1
2
= 2√2 + x − x + 2 sin
−1
(
3
) + c , c is the integrating constant
9. Given x = tan( 1

a
log y)

⇒
1

a
log y = tan-1 x
Differentiating w.r.t x, we get
1 dy 1
⋅ = a⋅
y dx 1+x2

dy
2
⇒ (1 + x ) = a⋅ y
dx

Differentiating again w.r.t. x, we get

2
d y dy dy
2
(1 + x ) + 2x ⋅ = a
2
dx dx dx
2
d y dy
(1 + x )
2

2
+ (2x − a)
dx
=0
dx

Hence Proved
OR
Given function is:
⇒ y = 12(x + 1)(x – 2) on [ – 1,2]

We know that polynomials are continuous and differentiable over R

check the values of y at the extremums
⇒ y( – 1) = 12( – 1 + 1)( – 1 – 2)

⇒ y( – 1) = 12(0)( – 3)

⇒ y( – 1) = 0

⇒ y(2) = 12(2 + 1)(2 – 2)

⇒ y(2) = 12(3)(0)
⇒ y(2) = 0
We got y( – 1) = y(2). So, there exists a c such that f’(c) = 0.
For a curve g to have a tangent parallel to the x – axis at point r, the criteria to be satisfied is g’(r) = 0.
⇒ y’(x) = 0

d(12(x+1)(x−2))
⇒ = 0
dx
 d(x−2) d(x+1)
⇒12 ((x + 1) + (x − 2) ) = 0
dx dx

⇒ ((x + 1)×1) + ((x – 2)×1) = 0

⇒ x+1+x–2=0
⇒ 2x – 1 = 0

⇒ 2x = 1
1
⇒ x =
2

The value of y is
1 1
⇒ y = 12 ( + 1) ( − 2)
2 2

3 3
⇒ y = 12 ( ) (− )
2 2

⇒ y = – 27
The point at which the curve has tangent parallel to x – axis is ( 1

2
, −27)

10. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

In pre-board examination of class XII, commerce stream with Economics and Mathematics of a particular school, 50% of the
students failed in Economics, 35% failed in Mathematics and 25% failed in both Economics and Mathematics. A student is
selected at random from the class.

(a) Let E denote the event that the student has failed in Economics and M denote the event that the student has failed in
Mathematics.
∴ P (E) = = , P(M) =
50

100
=
1

2
and P(E ∩ M) = 35
=
100
7

20
25

100
1

The probability that the selected student has failed in Economics if it is known that he has failed in Mathematics.
Required probability = P ( ) M
E

P (E∩ M)
= =
4

7
= 1

4
×
20

7
=
5

7
P (M)
20

(b) Let E denote the event that student has failed in Economics and M denote the event that student has failed in
Mathematics.
50 1 35 7 25 1
∴ P (E) =
100
=
2
, P(M) = 100
=
20
and P(E ∩ M) = 100
=
4

The probability that the selected student has failed in Mathematics if it is known that he has failed in Economics.
Required probability = P(M/E)
1

P (M∩ E) 4 1
= = =
1 2
P (E)
2

(c) Let E denote the event that the student has failed in Economics and M denote the event that the student has failed in
Mathematics.
50 35 7 25
∴ P (E) =
100
=
1

2
, P(M) = 100
=
20
and P(E ∩ M) = 100
=
1

The probability that the selected student has passed in Mathematics if it is known that he has failed in Economics
Required probability = P(M'/E)
′
P (M ∩ E)
′
⇒ P (M /E) =
P (E)

P (E)−P (E∩ M)
= P (E)

1 1
−

= 2

1
4

′ 1
⇒ P (M /E) =
2

(d) Let E denote the event that the student has failed in Economics and M denote the event that the student has failed in
Mathematics.
50 1 35 7 25 1
∴ P (E) =
100
=
2
, P(M) = 100
=
20
and P(E ∩ M) = 100
=
4

The probability that the selected student has passed in Economics if it is known that he has failed in Mathematics
Required probability = P(E'/M)
 ′
P (E ∩ M)
′
⇒ P (E /M ) =
P (M)

P (M)−P (E∩ M)
= P (M)

7 1
−

= 20

7
4

20

′ 2
⇒ P (E /M ) =
7

OR
Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In pre-board examination of class XII, commerce stream with Economics and Mathematics of a particular school, 50% of the
students failed in Economics, 35% failed in Mathematics and 25% failed in both Economics and Mathematics. A student is
selected at random from the class.

(a) Bayes' theorem defines the probability of an event based on the prior knowledge of the conditions related to the event
whereas in case of the condition probability, we find the reverse probabilities using Bayes' theorem.
(b) Consider on event E which occurs via two different events A and B. The probability of E is given by the value of total
probability as:
P(E) = P(A ∩ E) + P(B ∩ E)
P(E) = P(A) P( E

A
) + P(B)( E

B
)

(c) Let P be the event that the shell fired from A hits the plane and Q be the event that the shell fired from B hits the plane.
The following four hypotheses are possible before the trial, with the guns operating independently:
E1 = PQ, E2 = P¯Q¯
, E3 = P¯Q, E4 = PQ ¯

Let E = The shell fired from exactly one of them hits the plane.
P(E1) = 0.3 × 0.2 = 0.06,
P(E2) = 0.7 × 0.8 = 0.56,
P(E3) = 0.7 × 0.2 = 0.14,
P(E4) = 0.3 × 0.8 = 0.24

P( E

E1
) = 0, P( E

E2
) +0, P( E

E3
) = 1, P( E4
E
) =1

P(E) = P(E1) ⋅ P( E

E1
) + P(E2) ⋅ P( E

E2
) + P(E3).

P( E

E3
) + P(E4) ⋅ P( E

E4
)

= 0.14 + 0.24 = 0.38

(d) By Bayes' Theorem,
E
P ( E3 )⋅P ( )
E3 E3

P( E
) =
E E E E
P ( E1 )⋅P ( )+P ( E2 )⋅P ( )+P ( E3 )P ( )+P ( E4 )⋅P ( )
E1 E2 E3 E4

0.14 7
= =
0.38 19

NOTE: The four hypotheses form the partition of the sample space and it can be seen that the sum of their probabilities
is 1. The hypotheses E1 and E2 are actually eliminated as P( E1
E
) = P( E

E2
) =0
Alternative way of writing the solution:
i. P(Shell fired from exactly one of them hits the plane)
= P[(Shell from A hits the plane and Shell from B does not hit the plane) or (Shell from A does not hit the plane and
Shell from B hits the plane)]
= 0.3 × 0.8 + 0.7 × 0.2 = 0.38
 P(Shell fired from B hit the plane ∩ Exactly one of them hit the plane)
ii.
P(Exactly one of them hit the plane)
P (Shell from only B hit the plane )
=
P (Exactly one of them hit the plane )
0.14 7
= 0.38
=
19

11. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

Two farmers Shyam and Balwan Singh cultivate only three varieties of pulses namely Urad, Masoor and Mung. The sale (in ₹) of
these varieties of pulses by both the farmers in the month of September and October are given by the following matrices A and B.
September sales (in ₹)

U rad Masoor Mung

10000 20000 30000 Shyam

A=[ ]
50000 30000 10000 Balwan Singh

October sales (in ₹)

U rad Masoor Mung

5000 10000 6000 Shyam

B=[ ]
20000 10000 10000 Balwan Singh

(a) Combined sales in September and October for each farmer in each variety is given by
U rad Masoor Mung

15000 30000 36000 Shyam

A+B=[ ]
70000 40000 20000 Balwan Singh

Combined sales of Masoor in September and October for farmer Balwan Singh = ₹ 40000
(b) Combined sales in September and October for each farmer in each variety is given by
U rad Masoor Mung

15000 30000 36000 Shyam

A+B=[ ]
70000 40000 20000 Balwan Singh

Combined sales of Urad in September and October for farmer Shyam = ₹ 15000
(c) Change in sales from September to October is given by
U rad Masoor Mung

5000 10000 24000 Shyam

A-B=[ ]
30000 20000 0 Balwan Singh

∴ Decrease in sales of Mung from September to October for farmer Shyam = ₹ 24000.
2
dy (xy+ y ) −y y 2
12. dx
= −
2
=
x
− (
x
)
x

Put y = vx
dy

dx
=v+x du

dx

= -v - v2
dv
∴ v+x dx

= -2v - v2
dv
x dx
dv dx
∫ = ∫ −
2 ′ x
(v +2v )

2
log∣
∣ v+2
v
∣
∣ = -log x + log c
2
v c
=
2
( v+2) x

y 2
c
=
2
(y+2x) x

Given when x = 1, y = 1
∴ c =
1

√3

Hence, solution is 3x2 y = y + 2x

OR
 We have
x/y x/y x
(1 + e ) dx + e (1 − ) dy = 0
y

x/y x /y x
(1 + e ) dx = − e (1 − ) dy
y

x /y x
−e (1− )
dy y

=
dx x /y
(1+ e )

x
x /y
−e (1− )
y

Let f (x, y) =
x /y
(1+ e )

Here, putting x = kx and y = ky

kx/ky kx
−e (1− )
ky

f (kx, ky) =
kx/ky
(1+ e )

x
x/y
−e (1− )
y

=
x/y
(1+ e )

= k0f(x,y)
Therefore, the given differential equation is homogeneous.
x
x/y x
y
(1 + e ) dx + e (1 − ) dy = 0
y

x
x/y x
y
(1 + e ) dx = − e (1 − ) dy
y

x
x /y
−e (1− )
y
dx
=
dy x /y
(1+ e )

To solve it we make the substitution.

x = vy
Differentiation above equation with respect to x, we get
dx dv
= v + y
dy dy
vy
vy/y
−e (1− )
y
dv
v+ y =
dy (1+ev/y)
v
dv −e (1−v)
y = v
dy 1+e
v
1+e 1
v
dv = − dy
e +v y

Integrating both sides, we get

v
1+e
∫
ev +v
dv = ∫
1

y
dy ......(i)
v
1+e
Let I 1 = ∫
e +v
v
dv

Put ev + v = t
(ev + 1)dv = dt
v dt
e + 1 =
dv
dt
dv =
ev +1

1
∫ dt
t

log t
log(ev + v)
∴ log(ev + v) = - logy + logC (∴ From (i) eq.)
x/y x
log(e + ) = − log y + log C
y

x/y x C
log(e + ) = log
y y

x/y x C
e + =
y y

Multiply by y on both side, we get

yex/y + x = C
x + yex/y = C
The required solution of the differential equation.
13. Let R be the radius of base and h be the height of the cone, let x be the distance between the centre of sphere and centre of base of
cone.
∴ h=r+x
and R2 = r2 - x2
Volume of cone V(x) = 1

3
πR h
2

1 2 2
= π (r − x ) (r + x)
3

∴ V'(x) = 1

3
π {-2x (r + x) + (r2 - x2)}
= 1

3
π (r + x) (-2x + r - x)
= 1

3
π (r + x) (r - 3x)
For max. and min. volume
V'(x) = 0
⇒ (r + x)(r - 3x ) = 0
⇒ r = -x (not possible) or r = 3x
r
⇒ x =
3

Volume of cone V(x) = 1

3
π R2h
Now, V"(x) = 1

3
π {(r - 3x) -3 (r + x)}
r r
at x = 3
,V ′′
(
3
) < 0

r
∴ Volume is maximum when x = 3

∴ h=r+x=r= r

3
= 4r

i.e., height of cone is 4r

OR
Given equation of curve is, y = x2 +
7x + 2 and equation of straight line is y=3x - 3.
Let P(x,y) be any point on the parabola y=x +7x+2 2

Let D be the distance of point P from straight line

then
|3x−y−3| |3x−y−3|
D= =
2 2 √9+1
√3 +(−1)

|3x−y−3|
=
√10

∣3x−(x2 +7x+2)−3∣
∣ ∣
=
√10

∣−(x2 +4x+5)∣
∣ ∣
=
√10

2 2
x +2⋅2x+ 2 +1
=
√10
2
(x+2) +1
⇒ D= .....(i)
√10

On differentiating both sides of Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get

dD 2(x+2)+0
=
dx √10

dD
For Extremum value of D, put dx
= 0

⇒ 2(x+2)=0
⇒ x= -2
2

Now, d D

2
=
2
> 0
dx √10

Thus, D is minimum when x= -2

Now, y = x2 + 7x + 2= (- 2)2 + 7 (- 2) + 2
 =4 - 14 + 2 = - 8
Hence, point (-2, -8) is on the prabola, which is closet to the given straight line.
14. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Shama is studying in class XII. She wants do graduate in chemical engineering. Her main subjects are mathematics, physics, and
chemistry. In the examination, her probabilities of getting grade A in these subjects are 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 respectively.

(a) P (Grade A in Maths) = P(M) = 0.2

P (Grade A in Physics) = P(P) = 0.3
P (Grade A in Chemistry) = P(C) = 0.5
P(not A garde in Maths) = P(M ) = 1 - 0.2 = 0.8
¯¯¯¯
¯

¯
¯¯¯
P(not A garde in Physics) = P(P ) = 1 - 0.3 = 0.7
¯
¯¯¯
P(not A garde in Chemistry) = P(C ) = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5
P(getting grade A in all subjects) = P(M ∩P ∩ C)
= P(M) × P(P) × P(C)
= 0.2 × 0.3 × 0.5 = 0.03
(b) P (Grade A in Maths) = P(M) = 0.2
P (Grade A in Physics) = P(P) = 0.3
P (Grade A in Chemistry) = P(C) = 0.5
P(not A garde in Maths) = P(M ) = 1 - 0.2 = 0.8
¯¯¯¯
¯

¯
¯¯¯
P(not A garde in Physics) = P(P ) = 1 - 0.3 = 0.7
¯
¯¯¯
P(not A garde in Chemistry) = P(C ) = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5
¯¯¯¯
¯ ¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
P(getting grade A in on subjects) = P (M ∩ P ∩ C)
¯¯¯¯
¯ ¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯
= P (M ) × P (P ) × P (C )
= 0.8 × 0.7 × 0.5 = 0.280
(c) P (Grade A in Maths) = P(M) = 0.2
P (Grade A in Physics) = P(P) = 0.3
P (Grade A in Chemistry) = P(C) = 0.5
¯¯¯¯
¯
P(not A garde in Maths) = P(M ) = 1 - 0.2 = 0.8
¯
¯¯¯
P(not A garde in Physics) = P(P ) = 1 - 0.3 = 0.7
¯
¯¯¯
P(not A garde in Chemistry) = P(C ) = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5
P(getting grade A in 2 subjects)
⇒ P(grade A in M and P not in C) + P(grade A in P & C not in M) + P(grade A in M & C not in P)

¯
¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯
¯ ¯
¯¯¯
⇒ P(M ∩ P ∩ C) + P(P ∩ C ∩ M) + P(M ∩ C ∩ P )
⇒ 0.2 ×0.3× 0.5 + 0.3 ×0.5× 0.8 + 0.2 ×0.5× 0.7 = 0.03 + 0.12 + 0.07
P(getting grade A in 2 subjects ) = 0.22
(d) P (Grade A in Maths) = P(M) = 0.2
P (Grade A in Physics) = P(P) = 0.3
P (Grade A in Chemistry) = P(C) = 0.5
¯¯¯¯
¯
P(not A garde in Maths) = P(M ) = 1 - 0.2 = 0.8
¯
¯¯¯
P(not A garde in Physics) = P(P ) = 1 - 0.3 = 0.7
¯
¯¯¯
P(not A garde in Chemistry) = P(C ) = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5
P(getting grade A in 1 subjects)
⇒ P(grade A in M not in P and C) + P(grade A in P not in M and C) + P(grade A in C not in P and M)

¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯ ¯
¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯
¯ ¯¯¯¯
¯ ¯
¯¯¯
⇒ P(M ∩ P ∩ C) + P(P ∩ C ∩ M) + P(C ∩ M ∩ P)

⇒ 0.2 ×0.7× 0.5 + 0.3 ×0.5× 0.8 + 0.5 ×0.8× 0.7 = 0.07 + 0.12 + 0.028
P(getting grade A in 1 subjects) = 0.47
SECTION B - 15 MARKS
15. In subparts (i) and (ii) choose the correct options and in subparts (iii) to (v), answer the questions as instructed.
(a) (b) a⃗ ⊥ b ⃗
Explanation:
Here |a⃗ + b|⃗ = |a⃗ − b|⃗
⃗ 2 ⃗ 2
⇒ |a⃗ + b| = |a⃗ − b|

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
⇒ (a⃗ + b) ⋅ (a⃗ + b) = (a⃗ − b) ⋅ (a⃗ − b)

2 ⃗ 2 2 ⃗ 2
⇒ |a| + 2a⃗ ⋅ b + |b| = |a| − 2a⃗ ⋅ b + |b|

⃗ ⃗
⇒ 2a⃗ ⋅ b = −2a⃗ ⋅ b

⃗
⇒ 4a⃗ ⋅ b = 0

⃗
⇒ a⃗ ⋅ b = 0

⃗
⇒ a⃗ ⊥ b

(b) Any plane parallel to YZ plane is x = k

since it passes through (-3, 2, 0) we have -3 = k
Hence the required equation of the plane is x = -3
(c) In order to find the two unknowns, we evaluate and simplify the cross product.
Given: (^i + 3^j + 9k
^ ^ ^ ^
) × (3 i − λ j + μk) = 0
⃗

∣^i
^
j
^
k ∣
∣ ∣
⃗
∴ ∣1 3 9 ∣ = 0
∣ ∣
∣3 −λ μ∣

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
⇒ i (3μ + 9λ) − j (μ − 27) + k(−λ − 9) = 0 i + 0 j + 0k

On comparing the coefficients of ^i , ^j and k

^
, we get

3μ + 9λ = 0, −μ + 27 = 0 and − λ − 9 = 0

⇒ μ = 27 and − λ = 9

⇒ μ = 27 and λ = −9

(d) (c) (3, 5, 7)

Explanation:
x−1 y−2 z−3
Let 2
=
3
=
4
= λ( say )
A general point on this line is (2λ + 1, 3λ + 2, 4λ + 3) .
For some value of λ , let the given line meet the plane 2x + 3y - z = 14 at a point P (2λ + 1, 3λ + 2, 4λ + 3).
Then, 2(2λ + 1) + 3(3λ + 2) − (4λ + 3) = 14
⇒ 9λ = 9 ⇒ λ = 1

So, the required point is P(2 + 1, 3 + 2, 4 + 3),

i.e., P(3, 5, 7).
(e) We have,equation of plane is x - 2y + 2z = 6
Here direction ratios normal to the plane are 1, -2, 2
Thus,A vector normal to the plane n⃗ = ^i − 2^j + 2k
^

−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2
⇒ |n| = √1 + (−2) + 2 = 3

Now, n
^ =
n̄

| n̄|
=
1

3
^
i −
2

3
j +
2

3
^
k .
16. Here,it is given
1 ^ ^ ¯
ā = (2 i + 3 j + 6k)
7

¯ 1 ^ ^ ¯
b = (3 i − 6 j + 2k)
7

1 ^ ^ ⃗
c⃗ = (6 i + 2 j − 3k)
7

¯ 1 ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ ^
ā ⋅ b = (2 i + 3 j + 6k) × (3 i − 6 j + 2k)
7 7
1
= (6 − 18 + 12) = 0
49

similarly,
¯
b ⋅ c ⃗ = a⃗ ⋅ c ⃗ = 0

Therefore a, b, c, are mutually perpendicular.

OR
 ^ ^ ^
a⃗ = i − 2 j − 2k
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
∣ 2 2 2∣
|a⃗| = √1 + (−2) + (−2)
∣ ∣
−−−−−−−
= |√1 + 4 + 4| = 3
^ ^ ^
a⃗ i −2 j −2k
So, its Unit Vector, a⃗ = =
| a⃗| 3

^ ^ ^
i −2 j −2k
18a⃗ = 18 ×
3

= 6(^i − 2^j − 2k
^
)

Required vector = 6^i − 12^j − 12k

^

→ → → →
17. If vector form of lines are r ⃗ = a 1 + λ b1 and r ⃗ = a 2 + λ b2 then angle between them is
∣→ →∣
∣b1 . b2 ∣
∣ ∣
cos θ =
∣→∣∣→∣
∣b1 ∣∣b2 ∣
∣ ∣∣ ∣

Given equations of lines are

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r ⃗ = (2 i − 5 j + k) + λ(3 i + 2 j + 6k) ......(i)
and ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r ⃗ = (7 i − 6 j − 6k) + μ( i + 2 j + 2k)........................................(ii)
On comparing Equations , (i) and (ii) with vector form of equation of line i.e.
⃗
r ⃗ = a⃗ + λb, we get,
→
→
^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^
a1 = 2 i − 5 j + k, b1 = 3 i + 2 j + 6k
→
and a = ^ ^ ^ ^ ⃗ ^ ^
7 i − 6 j − 6k, b = i + 2 j + 2k
2
^
2

We know that, the angle between two lines is given by

∣→ →∣
∣b1 ⋅ b2 ∣
∣ ∣
cos θ =
∣→∣∣→∣
∣b1 ∣∣b2 ∣
∣ ∣∣ ∣

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(3 i +2 j +6k)⋅( i +2 j +2k)
cos θ =
2 2 2 2 2 2
√(3) +(2) +(6) ⋅ √(1) +(2) +(2)

∣ 4+12 ∣
⇒ cos θ =
∣ 3√49× √9 ∣
19 19
⇒ cos θ = ∣
∣
∣ ⇒ cos θ =
∣
7×3 21

Hence, the angle between given two lies is

−1 19
θ = cos ( )
21

OR
Clearly, we have to find the direction cosines of the normal to the given plane.
The given equation may be written as
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r ⃗ ⋅ (6 i − 3 j − 2k) = −3 ⇒ r ⃗ ⋅ (−6 i + 3 j + 2k) = 3

⇒ r ⃗ ⋅ n⃗ = 3 , where n⃗ = (−6^i + 3^j + 2k

^
)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−
n⃗
⇒ r⃗ ⋅ =
3
where |n⃗ | = √(−6) 2
+ 3
2
+ 2
2
= 7
| n⃗ | | n⃗ |

^ ^ ^
(−6 i +3 j +2k) 3 6 3 3
^ ^ 2 ^
⇒ r⃗ ⋅ = ⇒ r ⃗ ⋅ (− i + j + k) =
7 7 7 7 7 7

Hence, the direction cosines of the normal to the given plane are
6 3
(−
7
,
7
,
2

7
) .
18. Equation of plane that contains the point A(2, 1, −1)
a(x − 2) + b(y − 1) + c(z + 1) = 0

Given that plane is perpendicular to the line of intersection of 2x + y − z = 3

and x + 2y + z = 2
⇒ 2. a + b.1 + c. (−1) = 02a + b − c = 0 ...(1)

1. a + 2. b + 1. c = 0a + 2b + c = 0 ...(2)
Adding (1) + (2)
3a + 3b = 0 → a = −b

Substituting a = −b in ( 1 )
2a − a − c = 0 ⇒ a = c
 a = −b = c = k

Equation of plane = k(x − 2) − k(y − 1) + k(z + 1) = 0

⇒ x − y + z= 0

Angle between line and plane is given by

1a+mb+nc
sin θ =
√l2 + m2 + n2√a2 + b2 + c2

Angle between y -axis(D.R's (0, 1, 0) ) and x − y + z = 0 is

∣ ∣
0−1+0
∣ ∣
sin θ =
∣ ∣
√12 + 12 + 12√1
∣ ∣

∣ −1 ∣
=
∣ √3 ∣

−1 1
θ = sin ( )
√3

SECTION C - 15 MARKS
19. In subparts (i) and (ii) choose the correct options and in subparts (iii) to (v), answer the questions as instructed.
(a) (d) Both P(X) and R(X) and R(X) and C(X)
Explanation:
Both P(X) and R(X) and R(X) and C(X)
(b) (c) no feasible solution
Explanation:
Table for equation x + y = 8 is
x 0 8

y=8-x 8 0
Table for equation 3x + 5y = 15 is
x 0 5
15−3x
y= 5
3 0

It can be concluded from the graph, that there is no point, which can satisfy all the constraints simultaneously.
Therefore, the problem has no feasible solution.
(c) 4x - 2y - 4 = 0
2x - 3y + 6 = 0
x y 1
= −
−12−12 −8−24 12+4

x y 1
= =
24 −32 −8
−24
x= −8
= 3

−32
y= −8
= 4

∴ x̄ = 3 and ȳ = 4
 2
(d) Given R = 2q and C = 500 + 1
(
q
)
2 20

So, profit function P = R - C

2
q
⇒ P = 2q - 500 - ( 800
)

dp 2q dp q
∴
dq
=2- 800
⇒
dq
=2- 400

[
dP

dq
] = 2- 500

400
= 2 - 1.25 = 0.75
q=500

(e) We have, P(x) = 41 + 24x -18x2

2

⇒
d

dx
(P(x)) = 24 - 36x and d

2
(p(x)) = -36
dx

For maximum or minimum, we must have

d 2

dx
(P(x)) = 0 ⇒ 24 - 36x = 0 ⇒ x = 3

Also,
2
d
{
2
(P (x))} = -36 < 0
dx x=2/3

2
So profit is maximum when x = 3

) = 41 + 24 × ( ) - 18 ( )2 = 49
2 2 2
Maximum profit = (Value of P(x) at x = 3 3 3

20. Given TFC = ₹ 10000, TVC = ₹ 50x

⇒ C(x) = 10000 + 50x
Also, P = ₹ 75 ⇒ R(x) = 75x
At breakeven point: R(x) = C(x)
⇒ 75x = 10000 + 50x

⇒ 25x = 10000 ⇒ x = 400

For profit: R(x) > C(x)

⇒ 75x > 10000 + 50x

⇒ x > 400

Hence, the breakeven value is 400 units. The company will always remain in profit if it produces and sells more than 400 units.
OR
Let P be the profit function. Then,
P = R - C = 3x - (100 + 0.15x2) = 3x -100 - 0.015x2
2

⇒
dP

dx
= 3 - 0.03x and d P

2
= -0.03
dx

For P to be maximum, we must have

dP

dx
= 0 ⇒ 3 - 0.03x = 0
⇒ x = 100
2

Also, d P

2
= -0.030 < 0 for all x. Thus, P is maximum when x = 100.
dx

Putting x = 100 in P = 3x - 100 - 0.015x2, w e get: P = 300 - 100 - 0.015 × 10000 = 50

Hence, P is maximum when x = 100 and the maximum profit = ₹ 50
21. Given lines of regression are
x + 2y - 5 = 0
and 2x - 3y - 8 = 0
5
i.e., y = − + x

2 2
3 8
and x = − 2
y +
2
σy
∴ bxy = r σx
= -0.5 (regression line of y on x)
σx
and bxy = r σy
= -1.5 (regression line of x on y)

r2 = bxy × byx = (-1.5) × (-0.5)

= 0.75
−
− −
−
∴ r = ± √0.75 = ± 0.866
As bxy and byx are both negative, r is also -ve.
∴ Correlation coefficient, r = -0.866
Given, σ = 12 2
x
σy

We have, r σx
= -0.5
 (−0.5)×σx
⇒ σy =
r
2
0.25×σx
2
σy =
2
r

= 0.25×12

0.75
=4
∴ variance of y = σ = 4 2
y

22. Consider the line 3x + 4y = 18.

Clearly, 0(0, 0) satisfies 3x + 4y < 18 Clearly, the shaded area and (0, 0) lie on the same side of the line 3x + 4 y = 18.
Therefore, we must have 3x + 4y < 18
Consider the line x - 6y = 3
We note that (0, 0) satisfies the inequation x - 6y < 3 Also, the shaded area and (0, 0) lie on the same side of the line x - 6y = 3.
Therefore, we must have x - 6y < 3
Consider the line 2x + 3y = 3
Clearly, (0, 0) satisfies the inequation 2x + 3y < 3
But, the shaded region and the point (0, 0) lie on the opposite sides of the line 2x + 3y - 3 .
Clearly, (0, 0) satisfies the inequation -7x + 14y < 14 Also, the shaded region and the point (0, 0) lie on the same side of the line -
7 x + 14y = 14.
Therefore, we must have -7 x + 14y < 14 The shaded region is above the x-axis and on the right-hand side of the y-axis,
Therefore, we have y > 0 and x > 0.
Therefore, the linear constraints for which the shaded area in the given figure is the solution set, are
3x + 4y ≤ 18, x − 6y ≤ 3, 2x + 3y ≥ 3

−7x + 14y ≤ 14, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0

OR
The above information can be put in the following tabular form:
Lamp Cutter's time Finisher's time Profit in Rs.

A 2 1 6

B 1 2 11

Maximum time available 104 76

Let the decorator manufacture x lamps of type A and y lamps of type B.
∴ Total profit = Rs.(6x + 11y)

Total time taken by the cutter in preparing x lamps of type A and y lamps of type B is (2x + y) hours. But, the cutter has 104 hours
only for each month.
∴ 2x + y ≤ 104

Similarly, the total time taken by the finisher in preparing x lamps of type A and y lamps of type B is (x + 2y) hours. But, the
cutter has 76 hours only for each month.
∴ x + 2y ≤ 76

Since the number of lamps cannot be negative.

∴ x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0

Let Z denote the total profit. Then, Z = 6x + 11y.

Since the profit is to be maximized. So, the mathematical formulation of the given LPP is as follows:
Maximize Z = 6x + 11y
Subject to
2x + y ≤ 104
x + 2y ≤ 76
and, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0