ISC 2026 EXAMINATION

Sample Question Paper - 3

Mathematics

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:
This Question Paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Section A and all questions
EITHER from Section B OR Section C.
Section A: Internal choice has been provided in two questions of two marks each, two questions of four marks each and
two questions of six marks each.
Section B: Internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks and one question of four marks.
Section C: Internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks and one question of four marks.
All working, including rough work, should be done on the same sheet as, and adjacent to the rest of the answer.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].
Mathematical tables and graph papers are provided.
SECTION A - 65 MARKS
1. In subparts (i) to (x) choose the correct options and in subparts (xi) to (xv), answer the questions as [15]
instructed.
(a) If |A| = |kA|, where A is a square matrix of order 2, then sum of all possible values of k is [1]

a) 1 b) -1

c) 0 d) 2
−−−−−−−− −
(b) 2
∫ √x − 8x + 7 dx is equal to [1]
−−−−−−−− − – −−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−− − −−−−−−−− −
a) 1

2
2 1 2
(x − 4) √x − 8x + 7 − 3√2 log |x − 4 + √x (x−−
8x √
4)+
2
7x| + b) 2
8x + 7 + 9 log |x − 4 + √x − 8x + 7 |
−C
2

−−−−−−−− − −−−−−−−− − −−−−−−−− − −−−−−−−− −

c) 1

2
2 2 1
(x + 4) √x − 8x + 7 + 9 log |x + 4 + √x − (x
8x−
+4)
7|√+
2
d)
xC − 8x + 7 −
2
9

2
2
log |x − 4 + √x − 8x + 7 |

(c) Range of coses-1x is [1]

a) [ - {0} b)
−π π −π π
, ] [ , ]
2 2 2 2

c) ( d) - {1}
−π π −π π
, ) [ , ]
2 2 2 2

(d) What is the solution of the differential equation dx

+
x

y
−y
2
= 0? [1]
dy

a) xy= x4 + C b) xy = y4 + C

c) 4xy = y4 + C d) 3xy = y3 + C
(e) The probability that a man will live for 10 more years is 1

4
and that his wife will live 10 more years is 1

3
. [1]
The probability that neither will be alive in 10 years is

a) b)
1 7

2 12

c) d)
5 11

12 12

(f) Let A = {1, 2, 3} and consider the relation R = {1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1,3)}. Then R is [1]

a) neither symmetric, nor transitive b) reflexive but not transitive

c) reflexive but not symmetric d) symmetric and transitive

(g) ⎧
⎪
3x − 1 x < 2 [1]
If the function f(x) = ⎨ k, x = 2 is continuous at x = 2, then the value of k is:
⎩
⎪
2x + 1, x > 2
 a) 2 b) 1

c) 5 d) 3
(h) If x2 + y3 = 42, then
dy
is: [1]
dx

a) b)
dy −3y dy 2x
= = 2
dx 2x dx 3y

c) d)
dy 3y dy −2x
= = 2
dx 2x dx 3y

(i) If A is an invertible matrix of order 3, then which of the following information is NOT true? [1]

a) (A-1)-1 = A b) (AB)-1 = B-1 A-1, where B = [bij]3×3 and

|B| ≠ 0

c) If BA = CA, then B ≠ C, where B and C are d) |adj A| = |A|2

square matrices of order 3
(j) 2 3 2 −3 [1]
Assertion (A): If A = [ ] and B = [ ] , then B is the inverse of A.
1 2 −1 2

Reason (R): If A is a square matrix of order m and if there exists another square matrix B of the same
order m, such that AB = BA = I, then B is called the inverse of A.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

(k) Check whether the relation R defined on the set {1, 2, 3, 4} as R = {(a, b) : b = a + 1} is transitive. Justify [1]
your answer.
(l) 1 if i ≠ j [1]
Find the value of A2, where A is a 2 × 2 matrix whose elements are given by aij = {
0 if i = j
(m) Let f : N → Y : f(x) = 4x
2
+ 12x + 15 and y = range (f) show that f is invertible and find f -1 [1]
(n) If P(A) = , P(B) = and P(A ∩ B) , evaluate P(A|B). [1]
7 9 4
=
13 13 13

(o) The probability that a student entering a university will graduate is 0.4. Find the probability that out of 3 [1]
students of the university none will graduate.
2. Show that the function defined by f (x) 2
= cos( x ) is a continuous function. [2]
OR
For what values of a the function f given by f(x) = x2 + ax + 1 is increasing on [1, 2]?
[2]
(4x−5)
3. Evaluate the integral:∫ 2
dx
(2x −5x+1)

4. Prove that the function f(x) = x3 - 6x2 + 12x + 5 is increasing on R. [2]

5. Evaluate: ∫0 sin 2x cos 3x dx [2]
π

OR
Integrate the function:
x+2

2
√x −1

6. Let f :Q → Q : f(x) = 3x − 4 , show that f is invertible and find f -1 [2]

7. Prove that 2sin . [4]

−1 3 −1 17 π
− tan =
5 31 4

8. Evaluate the integral: ∫ sin

−1
(3x − 4x )dx
3
[4]

9. Differentiating the function w.r.t. x: cot-1(

1+x
). [4]
1−x

OR
2 2
√1+x +√1−x
If y = tan , -1 < x < 1, x ≠ 0, find .
dy
−1
{ }
√1+x −√1−x
2 2 dx

10. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
For an audition of a reality singing competition, interested candidates were asked to apply under one of the two
musical genres-folk or classical and under one of the two age categories-below 18 or 18 and above.
The following information is known about the 2000 application received:
 i. 960 of the total applications were the folk genre.
ii. 192 of the folk applications were for the below 18 category.
iii. 104 of the classical applications were for the 18 and above category.
(a) Find the probability that it is due to the appointment of Ajay (A).
(b) Find the probability that it is due to the appointment of Ramesh (B).
(c) Find the probability that it is due to the appointment of Ravi (C).
(d) Find the probability that it is due to the appointment of Ramesh or Ravi.
OR
Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
For an audition of a reality singing competition, interested candidates were asked to apply under one of the two
musical genres-folk or classical and under one of the two age categories-below 18 or 18 and above.
The following information is known about the 2000 application received:
i. 960 of the total applications were the folk genre.
ii. 192 of the folk applications were for the below 18 category.
iii. 104 of the classical applications were for the 18 and above category.
(a) What is the probability that an application selected at random is for the 18 and above category provided it is
under the classical genre? Show your work.
(b) An application selected at random is found to be under the below 18 category. Find the probability that it is
under the folk genre. Show your work.
(c) If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P(B|A) = 0.6, then P(A ∪ B) is equal to
(d) If A and B are two independent events with
P(A) = 3
and P(B) = 4
, then find P(A' ∩ B').
5 9

11. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [6]
A manufacture produces three stationery products Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener which he sells in two markets.
Annual sales are indicated below:

Market Products (in numbers)

Pencil Eraser Sharpener

I 10,000 2,000 18,000

II 6,000 20,000 8,000

If the unit Sale price of Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener are ₹2.50, ₹1.50 and ₹1.00 respectively,Based on the
information given above, answer the following questions:
(a) What is the total revenue collected from Market-I?
(b) What is the total revenue collected from Market-II?
(c) What is the gross profit from both markets considering the unit costs of the three commodities as ₹2.00,
₹1.00, and 50 paise respectively?
[6]
dy
12. Find the general sol. of the differential equation dx
− y = cos x

OR
Solve cos( dx ) = a, y = 1, when x = 0
dy
13. A metal box with a square base and vertical sides is to contain 1024 cm3. The material for the top and bottom [6]

costs ₹ 5/cm2 and the material for the sides costs ₹ 2.50/cm2. Find the least cost of the box.
OR
A window has the shape of a rectangle surmounted by an equilateral triangle. If the perimeter of the window is 12 m,
then find the dimensions of the rectangle that will produce the largest area of the window.
14. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [6]
In pre-board examination of class XII, commerce stream with Economics and Mathematics of a particular school,
50% of the students failed in Economics, 35% failed in Mathematics and 25% failed in both Economics and
Mathematics. A student is selected at random from the class.

(a) Find the probability that the selected student has failed in Economics, if it is known that he has failed in
Mathematics?
(b) Find the probability that the selected student has failed in Mathematics, if it is known that he has failed in
Economics?
(c) Find the probability that the selected student has passed in Mathematics, if it is known that he has failed in
Economics?
(d) Find the probability that the selected student has passed in Economics, if it is known that he has failed in
Mathematics?
SECTION B - 15 MARKS
15. In subparts (i) and (ii) choose the correct options and in subparts (iii) to (v), answer the questions as [5]
instructed.
– –
(a) Find the angle between two vectors a⃗ and b ⃗ with magnitudes √3 and 2, respectively, having a⃗ ⃗
. b = √6 [1]

a) b)
π π

5 3

c) d)
π π

2 4

(b) Find the vector equation of the plane with intercepts 3, -4 and 2 on X, Y and Z-axes respectively. [1]
(c) For any two vectors ā and ¯
b of magnitudes 3 and 4 respectively, write the value of [1]
[ ā ¯
b
¯ 2 ¯ 2
ā × b ] + ( a⃗) ( b ) .
(d) The distance d from a point P(x1, y1, z1) to the plane Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 is [1]

a) d = ∣∣ Ax 1 +By1 +Cz1 +2D ∣

∣
b) d = ∣∣ Ax 1 +By1 +Cz1 +D ∣
∣
∣ √ 2 2
A +B +C
2 ∣ ∣ √ 2 2
A +B +C
2 ∣

c) d = ∣∣ Ax 1 +By1 +2Cz1 +D ∣
∣
d) d = ∣∣ Ax 1 +2By1 +Cz1 +D ∣
∣
∣ √ 2
A +B +C
2 2 ∣ ∣ √ 2 2
A +B +C
2 ∣

(e) Find the angle between the line r ⃗ = ( ^

i +^
^
j − 2k) + λ( ^
i −^
^
j + k) and the plane r ⃗ ⋅ (2^
i −^
^
j + k) = 4 . [1]
16. For any vector a⃗ , find the value of ( a⃗ × ^
i)
2
+ ( a⃗ × ^
j)
2 ^ 2
+ ( a⃗ × k) [2]
OR
Find the angle between the vectors a⃗ and b , where:
⃗
a⃗ = 2^
i − 3^
^
j +k and b ⃗ = ^i + ^j − 2k
^

17. Find the direction cosines of the line . Also, reduce it to vector form. [4]
4−x y 1−z
= =
2 6 3

OR
Find the distance between the line ^ ^ ^ ^
r ⃗ = (− i + 3k) + λ( i − 2 j ) and the line passing through (0, -1, 2) and (1, -2, 3).
18. Using integration, find the area of the region enclosed by the parabola y = 3x2 and the line 3x - y + 6 = 0. [4]

SECTION C - 15 MARKS
19. In subparts (i) and (ii) choose the correct options and in subparts (iii) to (v), answer the questions as [5]
instructed.
 (a) If C(x) and R(x) are respectively Cost function and Revenue function, then profit function P(x) is given by [1]

a) P(x) = R(x) b) P(x) = C(x) + R(x)

c) P(x) = R(x) - C(x) d) P(x) = R(x)⋅C(x)

(b) The maximum value of Z = x + 3y such that 2x + y ≤ 20, x + 2y ≤ 20, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 is [1]

a) 80

3
b) 10

c) 30 d) 60
(c) For 5 observations of pairs (x, y) of variables X and Y, the following results are obtained: [1]
Σx = 15, Σy = 25, Σx = 55, Σy = 135, Σxy = 83
2 2

Calculate the value of bxy and byx .

(d) [1]
5

The total variable cost of manufacturing x units in a firm is ₹(3x + . Show that the average variable
x
)
25

cost increases with output x.

(e) The total cost function of producing and marketing x units of a commodity is given by C = 16 - 12x + 2x2. [1]
Find the level of output at which it is minimum.
[2]
2

20. The total revenue in rupees received from the sale of x units of a product is given by R(x) = 300x - . Find
x

i. the average revenue

ii. the marginal revenue
iii. the total revenue when MR = 0
OR
The average cost function AC for a commodity is given by AC = x + 5 + in terms of output x. Find the total cost C and
36

the marginal cost MC as the function of x. Also, find the outputs for which AC increases.
21. For the given lines of regression, 3x - 2y = 5 and x - 4y = 7, find [4]
i. regression coefficients byx and bxy

ii. coefficient of correlation r(x, y).

22. A cooperative society of farmers has 50 hectare of land to grow two crops X and Y. The profit from crops X and Y [4]
per hectare are estimated as Rs 10,500 and Rs 9,000 respectively. To control weeds, a liquid herbicide has to be
used for crops X and Y at rates of 20 litres and 10 litres per hectare. Further, no more than 800 litres of herbicide
should be used in order to protect fish and wild life using a pond which collects drainage from this land. How
much land should be allocated to each crop so as to maximise the total profit of the society?
OR
If a young man drives his vehicle at 25 km /hr, he has to spend ₹ 2 per km on petrol. If he drives it at a faster speed of
40 km /hr, the petrol cost increases to ₹ 5 per km. He has ₹ 100 to spend on petrol and travel within one hour. Express
this as an LPP and solve the same.
 Solution
SECTION A - 65 MARKS
1. In subparts (i) to (x) choose the correct options and in subparts (xi) to (xv), answer the questions as
instructed.
(a) (c) 0
Explanation:
0
−−−−−−−− − −−−−−−−− −
(b) (d)
1
2
(x − 4) √x − 8x + 7 −
9
2
log |x − 4 + √x − 8x + 7 | + C
2 2

Explanation:
−−−−−−−− −
2
I = ∫ √x − 8x + 7 dx
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2
= ∫ √( x − 8x + 16) − 9 dx
−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2
= ∫ √(x − 4) − (3) dx

We know that
−−−−− − x
−−−−− − a
2 −−−−− −
⇒ ∫ √x2 − a2 dx = √x2 − a2 − log |x + √x2 − a2 | + C
2 2

Therefore,
(x−4) −−−−−−−− − 9
−−−−−−−− −
⇒ I = √x2 − 8x + 7 − 2
log |(x − 4) + √x − 8x + 7 | + C
2 2

(c) (a) [ - {0}

−π π
, ]
2 2

Explanation:
To Find: The range of coses-1(x)
Here, the inverse function is given by y = f-1(x)
The graph of the function coses-1(x) can be obtained from the graph of
Y = coses-1(x) by interchanging x and y axes.i.e, if a, b is a point on Y = cosec x then b, a is the
point on the function y = coses-1(x)
Below is the Graph of the range of coses-1(x)

From the graph, it is clear that the range of coses-1(x) is restricted to interval
] - {0}
−π π
[ ,
2 2

(d) (c) 4xy = y4 + C

Explanation:
Consider the given differential equation, = y2
dx x
+
dy y

On comparing with linear differential equation of the form dx

dy
+ Px = Q. Here, P = 1

y
and Q = y2
1

∴ IF = e∫ P dy = e∫ dy = e∫ ln(y) = y
y

Now, the solution of given differential equation is

xy = ∫ (y ⋅ y 2 ) dy + C1 ⇒ xy = ∫ y 3 dy + C1
4

+ C1 ⇒ 4xy = y4 + C,
y
⇒ xy = 4

where C = 4C1
(e) (a) 1

Explanation:
Probability that a man will not live 10 more years = 1 − 1

4
=
3

Probability that a man will not live for 10 more years = 1 − 1

3
=
2

Required probability =
3 2 1
∴ × =
4 3 2

(f) (c) reflexive but not symmetric

Explanation:
As (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3 ) ∈ R, therefore R is reflexive. Since (1,2) ∈ R, but (2,1) ∉ R. Therefore,R is not
symmetric.
(g) (c) 5
Explanation:
Given the function f (x) is continous at x = 2.
Then lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(2)
− +
x→2 x→2

Now, lim (3x − 1)

−
= 3(2) - 1 = 5
x→2

and lim (2x + 1) = 2(2) + 1 = 5

+
x→2

Hence, k = 5
(h) (d)
dy
=
−2x

2
dx 3y

Explanation:
x2 y3 = 42
d 2 d 3 d
⇒ x + y = 42
dx dx dx
d 2 d 3 d
⇒ x + y = 42
dx dx dx

=0
dy
2
⇒ 2x + 3y
dx
dy
2x
⇒ = − 2
dx 3y

(i) (c) If BA = CA, then B ≠ C, where B and C are square matrices of order 3
Explanation:
BA = CA
⇒ BAA-1 = CAA-1
⇒ BI = CI
⇒ B=C
(j) (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
2 3 2 −3
Let A = [ ] and B = [ ] be two matrices.
1 2 −1 2

2 3 2 −3
Then, AB = [ ][ ]
1 2 −1 2

4−3 −6 + 6 1 0
= [ ] = [ ] = I
2−2 −3 + 4 0 1

2 −3 2 3
Also, BA = [ ][ ]
−1 2 1 2

4−3 6−6
= [ ]
−2 + 2 −3 + 4

1 0
= [ ] = I
0 1

Thus, B is the inverse of A.

(k) (1, 2), (2, 3) ∈ R but (1, 3) ∉ R ∴ R is not transitive.
 (l) 0 1
A=[ ]
1 0

0 1 0 1 1 0
⇒ A2 = [ ][ ] = [ ]
1 0 1 0 0 1

(m)f is one one then,we have

2 2
f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ) ⇒ 4x + 12x1 + 15 = 4x + 12x2 + 15
1 2
2 2
⇒ 4 (x − x ) + 12 ( x1 − x2 ) = 0
1 2
2 2
⇒ (x − x ) + 3 ( x1 − x2 ) = 0
1 2

⇒ ( x1 − x2 ) ( x1 + x2 + 3) = 0

⇒ x1 − x2 = 0

x1 + x2 + 3 ≠ 0

⇒ x1 = x2

also, range (f) = Y thus, f is onto

Therefore,f is one one onto and therefore f invertible.
Let y ∈ Y then, f being onto there exists x such that y = f (x)
Now, y = f (x) = y = 4x +12 +15
= y = (2x + 3)2 + 6
−−−−
⇒ (2x + 3) = √y − 6

−1 1
−−−−
⇒ f (y) = ( √y − 6 − 3)
2

Therefore, we define:
−1 −1 1
−−−−
f : Y → N : f (y) = ( √y − 6 − 3)
2

(n)
4

P (A∩B)
We have P(A|B) =
13 4
= 9
=
P (B) 9
13

(o) Let X be a random variable denoting number of students that graduate from among 3 students.
Let p = probability that a student entering a university will graduate.
Here, n = 3, p = 0.4 and q = 0.6
Therefore, the distribution is given by
3 r
P (X = r) = Cr (0.4) (0.6)
3−r
, r = 0, 1, 2, 3
P(X = 0) = q3 = 0.216
2. Let f (x) = x2 and g (x) = cos x , then
2 2
(gof) (x) = g [f (x)] = g ( x ) = cos x

Now f and g being continuous it follows that their composite (gof) is continuous.
Hence cos x2 is continuous function.
OR
f(x) = x2 + ax + 1
∴ f'(x) = 2x + a

Now, function f will be increasing in (1, 2), if f'(x) > 0 in (1, 2).
⇒ 2x + a > 0
⇒ 2x > -a
x>
−a
⇒
2

Therefore, we have to find the least value of a such that

⇒ x > , when x ∈ (1, 2).
−a

Thus, the least value of a for f to be increasing on (1, 2) is given by,

= 1 ⇒ a = -2
−a

Hence, the required value of a is -2.

3. Let I = ∫
4x−5

2
dx
(2x −5x+1)

Since ∫
1
dx = log |x| + c
x

We have, I ... (i)

4x−5
= ∫ 2
dx
(2x −5x+1)

Let 2x2 - 5x + 1 = t
 2
d(2x −5x+1)
dt
⇒ =
dx dx
dt
⇒ 4x − 5 =
dx

⇒ (4x - 5)dx = dt
Putting this value in equation (i), we get
dt
I = ∫
t

I = log |t| + c
I = log |2x2 - 5x + 1| + c
4. f(x) = x3 - 6x2 + 12x + 5
f'(x) = 3x2 - 12x + 12
= 3(x2 - 4x + 4)
= 3(x - 2)2 ≥ 0 for all x ∈ R
∴ f'(x) ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ R

∴ f(x) increasing function on R

5. Let I = ∫0 sin2x cos3x xdx, then

π

I= (sin5x - sinx) dx
1 π
∫
2 0

1 − cos 5x
= [ + cos x]
2 5

cos(5π) cos(0)
1 1
= [− + cos(π)] − [− + cos(0)]
2 5 2 5

−(−1)
1 1 1
= [ − 1] − [− + 1]
2 5 2 5

1 −4 4
= [ − ]
2 5 5

1 4
= 2 (− )
2 5
4
= −
5

OR
Clearly, we can write, x + 2 =
1
(2x) + 2
2
1
(2x)+2
x+2 2
⇒ ∫ dx = ∫ dx
2 2
√x −1 √x −1

1 2x 1
= ∫ dx + 2 ∫ dx
2 2 2
√x −1 √x −1

Now in, I1 =
1 2x
∫ dx
2 2
√x −1

Let x2 - 1 = t
⇒ (2x)dx = dt
−−−−−
=
1 2x 1 dt 1 1
⇒ I1 = ∫ dx = ∫ = [2√t] [2√x2 − 1 ]
2 √x2 −1 2 √t 2 2

−−−−−
And 2 ∫
1
dx = 2 log |x + √x2 − 1 |
√x −1 2

x+2
−−−−− −−−−−
2 2
⇒ ∫ dx = √x − 1 + 2 log |x + √x − 1 | + C
√x2 −1

6. Onto function: If range = co-domain then f(x) is onto functions.

So, We need to prove that the given function is one-one and onto function.
Let x1, x2 ∈ Q and f(x) = 3x-4.
So f(x1) = f(x2) → 3x1 - 4 = 3x2 - 4 → x1 = x2
So f(x1) = f(x2) → x1= x2, f(x) is one-one function.
Given co-domain of f(x) is Q.
Let y = f(x) = 3x- 4, So x = [Range of f(x) = Domain of y]
y+4

So Domain of y is Q = Range of f(x)

Hence, Range of f(x) = co-domain of f(x) = Q
So, f(x) is onto function.
As it is a bijective function. So it is invertible function.
Inverse of f(x) is f-1(x) =
x+4

3
7. Let sin−1 , then
3
= θ
5

,
3
sin θ =
5

where θ ∈ [
−π π
, ]
2 2

Thus,
, which gives θ = tan−1
3 3
tan θ =
4 4

Therefore,
−1 3 −1 17
2sin − tan
5 31

−1 17 −1 3 −1 17
= 2θ − tan = 2tan − tan
31 4 31
3
2.
−1 4 −1 17 −1 24 −1 17
= tan ( 9
) − tan = tan − tan
31 7 31
1−
16
24 17
−
−1 7 31
= tan ( )
24 17
1+ ⋅
7 31

−1 625
= tan ( )
625

−1
= tan 1
π
=
4

8. Let the given integral be,

−1 3
I = ∫ sin (3x − 4x )dx

Putting x = sin θ ⇒
−1
θ = sin x

⇒ dx = cos θdθ
−1 3
∴ I = ∫ sin (3 sin θ − 4 sin θ) cos θdθ
−1
= ∫ sin (sin 3θ) cos θdθ

= 3 ∫ θ cos θdθ

= 3 [θ(sin θ) − ∫ 1 sin θdθ]

= 3[θ sin θ + cos θ] + C

− −− −−−− −
2
= 3[θ sin θ + √1 − sin θ ] + C
−−−− −
−1
= 3 [sin x × x + √1 − x2 ] + C

−−−− −
−1 2
= 3 [x sin x + √1 − x ] + C

9. To find: value of cot-1( 1−x )

1+x

The formula used cos θ = sin (

π
− θ)
2
−1
d(sin x)
1
=
dx √1−x
2

We have, cot-1( 1−x )

1+x

Putting x = tan θ
θ = tan-1 x ......(i)

Putting x = tan θ in the equation

cot-1(
1+tan θ
⇒ )
1−tan θ

π
tan +tan θ

= cot-1(
4

π )
1−tan tan θ
4

= cot-1(tan
π
+ θ)
4

= cot-1 (cot(
π π
−( + θ)))
2 4

= cot-1 (cot( π
−(
π
+ θ)))
2 4

= cot-1(cot( 4
π
− θ))

=
π
−θ
4

Now, we can see that cot-1(

1+x π
) = −θ
1−x 4

Now Differentiating
 π
d( −θ)
4

⇒
dx
π
d( )
d(θ)
=
4

−
dx dx
d(θ)
= 0− dx

=− d
( tan
−1
x)
dx

=−
1

2
1+x

OR
Put x2 = cos 2θ , we get
2 2
√1+cos 2θ +√1−cos 2θ √2 cos θ +√2 sin θ
−1 −1
y = tan ( ) = tan ( )
√1+cos 2θ −√1−cos 2θ 2 2
√2 cos θ −√2 sin θ

−1 cos θ+sin θ −1 1+tan θ −1 π

⇒ y = tan ( ) = tan ( ) = tan (tan( + θ))
cos θ−sin θ 1−tan θ 4

π 2 π π π π π
⇒ y = +θ [∵ 0 < x < 1 ⇒ 0 < cos 2θ < 1 ⇒ 0 < 2θ < ⇒ 0 < θ < ⇒ < +θ < ]
4 2 4 4 4 2
π 1 −1 2 2 1 −1 2
⇒ y = + cos x [∵ cos 2θ = x ⇒ θ = cos x ]
4 2 2
dy d π 1 d −1 2
∴ = ( )+ ( cos x )
dx dx 4 2 dx

dy 1 (−1) d 1 2x −x
2
⇒ = 0+ (x ) = − × =
dx 2 √1−x4 dx 2 √1−x4 √1−x4

10. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

For an audition of a reality singing competition, interested candidates were asked to apply under one of the
two musical genres-folk or classical and under one of the two age categories-below 18 or 18 and above.
The following information is known about the 2000 application received:
i. 960 of the total applications were the folk genre.
ii. 192 of the folk applications were for the below 18 category.
iii. 104 of the classical applications were for the 18 and above category.
(a) Let E1: Ajay (A) is selected, E2: Ramesh (B) is selected, E3: Ravi (C) is selected
Let A be the event of making a change
4 1 2
P ( E1 ) = , P ( E2 ) = , P ( E3 ) =
7 7 7

P(A/E1) = 0.3, P(A/E2) = 0.8, P(A/E3) = 0.5

P ( E1 )⋅P (A/E1 )
P(E1/A) =
P ( E1 )⋅P (A/E1 )+P ( E2 )P (A/E2 )+P ( E3 )P (A/E3 )
4 1.2 1.2
×0.3

= 4
7

1 2
= 1.2
7

0.8 1
=
7

3
×0.3+ ×0.8+ ×0.5 + +
7 7 7 7 7 7 7

= 1.2
=
12
=
2

3 30 5

(b) Let E1: Ajay(A) is selected, E2: Ramesh(B) is selected, E3: Ravi (C) is selected
Let A be the event of making a change
4 1 2
P ( E1 ) = , P ( E2 ) = , P ( E3 ) =
7 7 7

P(A/E1) = 0.3, P(A/E2) = 0.8, P(A/E3) = 0.5

P ( E1 )⋅P (A/E1 )
P(E2/A) = P ( E1 )⋅P (A/E1 )+P ( E2 )P (A/E2 )+P ( E3 )P (A/E3 )
1 0.8 0.8
×0.8

= =
7 7 7

4 1 2 1.2 0.8 1
= 3
×0.3+ ×0.8+ ×0.5 + +
7 7 7 7 7 7 7

=
0.8 8 4
= =
3 30 15

(c) Let E1: Ajay (A) is selected, E2: Ramesh (B) is selected, E3: Ravi (C) is selected
Let A be the event of making a change
4 1 2
P ( E1 ) = , P ( E2 ) = , P ( E3 ) =
7 7 7

P(A/E1) = 0.3, P(A/E2) = 0.8, P(A/E3) = 0.5

P ( E1 )⋅P (A/E1 )
P(E3/A) =
P ( E1 )⋅P (A/E1 )+P ( E2 )P (A/E2 )+P ( E3 )P (A/E3 )
2 1
×0.5

= 4
7

1 2
= 1.2
7

0.8 1
=
1

3
×0.3+ ×0.8+ ×0.5 + +
7 7 7 7 7 7
 (d) Let E1: Ajay (A) is selected, E2: Ramesh (B) is selected, E3: Ravi (C) is selected
Let A be the event of making a change
4 1 2
P ( E1 ) = , P ( E2 ) = , P ( E3 ) =
7 7 7

P(A/E1) = 0.3, P(A/E2) = 0.8, P(A/E3) = 0.5

Ramesh or Ravi
⇒ P(E2/A) + P(E3/A) =
4 1 9 3
+ = =
15 3 15 5

OR
Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
For an audition of a reality singing competition, interested candidates were asked to apply under one of the
two musical genres-folk or classical and under one of the two age categories-below 18 or 18 and above.
The following information is known about the 2000 application received:
i. 960 of the total applications were the folk genre.
ii. 192 of the folk applications were for the below 18 category.
iii. 104 of the classical applications were for the 18 and above category.
(a) According to given information, we construct the following table.
Given, total applications = 2000
Folk Genre Classical Genre
960 (given) 2000 - 960 = 1040
Below 18 192 (given) 1040 - 104 = 936
18 or Above 18 960 - 192 = 768 104 (given)
Let E1 = Event that application for folk genre
E2 = Event that application for classical genre
A = Event that application for below 18
B = Event that application for 18 or above 18
∴ P(E2) =
1040

2000

and P(B ∩ E2) = 2000

104

P (B∩E2 )
Required Probability =
P ( E2 )
104

= = 1
2000

1040 10
200

(b) folk
Required probability = P ( )
below 18

=P(
E1
)
A

P ( E1 ∩A)
=
P (A)

Now, P(E1 ∩ A) =
192

2000

and P(A) = =
192+936 1128

2000 2000
192

Required probability = = =
2000 192 8
∴
1128 1128 47
2000

(c) Here,
P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P(B|A) = 0.6
P (B∩A)
∵ P(B|A) = P (A)

⇒P(B ∩ A) = P(B|A).P(A)
= 0.6 × 0.4 = 0.24
∵ P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

= 0.4 + 0.8 - 0.24

= 1.2 - 0.24 = 0.96
(d) Since, A and B are independent events, A' and B' are also independent. Therefore,
P(A' ∩ B') = P(A') ⋅ P(B')
 = (1 - P(A)(1 - P(B))
= (1 − 5 ) (1 − 9 )
3 4

=
2 5
⋅
5 9

=
2

11. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

A manufacture produces three stationery products Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener which he sells in two
markets. Annual sales are indicated below:

Market Products (in numbers)

Pencil Eraser Sharpener
I 10,000 2,000 18,000
II 6,000 20,000 8,000
If the unit Sale price of Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener are ₹2.50, ₹1.50 and ₹1.00 respectively,Based on the
information given above, answer the following questions:
(a) Let A be the 2 × 3 matrix representing the annual sales of products in two markets.
x y z
⎡ ⎤

∴ A = ⎢ 10000 2000 18000 ⎥

⎣ ⎦
6000 20000 8000

Let B be the column matrix representing the sale price of each unit of products x, y, z.
2.5
⎡ ⎤

∴ B = ⎢ 1.5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
1

Now, revenue = sale price × number of items sold

2.5
⎡ ⎤
10000 2000 18000
=[ ] ⎢ 1.5 ⎥
6000 20000 8000
⎣ ⎦
1

25000 + 3000 + 18000 46000

=[ ] =[ ]
15000 + 30000 + 8000 53000

Therefore, the revenue collected from Market I = ₹ 46000

(b) Let A be the 2 × 3 matrix representing the annual sales of products in two markets.
x y z
⎡ ⎤

∴ A = ⎢ 10000 2000 18000 ⎥

⎣ ⎦
6000 20000 8000

Let B be the column matrix representing the sale price of each unit of products x, y, z.
2.5
⎡ ⎤

∴ B = ⎢ 1.5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
1

Now, revenue = sale price × number of items sold

 2.5
⎡ ⎤
10000 2000 18000
=[ ] ⎢ 1.5 ⎥
6000 20000 8000 ⎣ ⎦
1

25000 + 3000 + 18000 46000

=[ ] =[ ]
15000 + 30000 + 8000 53000

The revenue collected from Market II = ₹ 53000.

(c) Let C be the column matrix representing cost price of each unit of products x, y, z.
2
⎡ ⎤

Then, C = ⎢ 1 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
0.5

∴ Total cost in each market is given by

2
⎡ ⎤
10000 2000 18000
AC = [ ]⎢ 1 ⎥
6000 20000 8000
⎣ ⎦
0.5

20000 + 2000 + 9000 31000

=[ ] =[ ]
12000 + 20000 + 4000 36000

Now, Profit matrix = Revenue matrix - Cost matrix

46000 31000 15000
=[ ]−[ ] =[ ]
53000 36000 17000

Therefore, the gross profit from both the markets = ₹ 15000 + ₹ 17000 = ₹ 32000
12.
dy
− y = cos x
dx

Given differential equation is of the form

dy
+ Py = Q
dx

P = −1, Q = cos x
∫ pdx
I. F = e
∫ −1dx
= e
−x
= e

∴ Solution is,y × e−x = ∫ cos x × e

−x
dx + c

let I = ∫ cos x × e−x dx

−x
e −x
= cos x. − ∫ − sin x. (−e )dx
−1
−x −x
= cos x × e − ∫ sin x × e dx
−x −x −x
= cos x × e − [sin x(−e )− ∫ cos x(−e )dx]
−x −x −x
= cos x × e + sin x × e − ∫ cos x × e dx
−x −x
⇒ I = cos x e + sin x e −I
−x
⇒ 2I = e (sin x + cos x)
−x
e
⇒ I = (sin x + cos x)
2

Therefore, (i) gives,

[from (i)]
−x 1 −x
y×e = e (sin x + cos x) + c
2
1 x
⇒ y = (sin x + cos x) + ce
2

OR
dy
cos( ) = a
dx

dy
−1
⇒ = cos a
dx
−1
⇒∫ dy = ∫ cos adx

⇒ y = cos
−1
a. x + c ........(1)
y = 1
⇒1 = 0 + c [∵
x = 0

⇒ c = 1

Therefore, from(1),we have,

−1
y = cos a. x + 1
13. Since, volume of the box = 1024 cm3
Let length of the side of square base be x cm and height of the box be y cm.

∴ Volume of the box (V) = x2 . y = 1024

Since, x2 y = 1024 ⇒ y =
1024
2
x

Let C denotes the cost of the box.

2
∴ C = 2x × 5 + 4xy × 2.50
2
= 10x + 10xy = 10x (x + y)

1024
= 10x (x + 2
)
x

10x 3
= (x + 1024)
2
x

...(i) 2 1024
⇒ C = 10x +
x

On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

dC −2
= 20x − 10240(x)
dx

= 20x −
10240
2
...(ii)
x

Now,
dC
= 0
dx
10240
⇒ 20x = 2
x
3
⇒ 20x = 10240
3 3
⇒ x = 512 = 8 ⇒ x = 8

Again, differentiating Eq. (ii) w.r.t. x, we get

2
d C 1
2
= 20 − 10240 (−2) . 3
dx x
20480
= 20 + 3
x
2
d C 20480
∴ ( 2
) = 20 + = 60 > 0
dx 512
x=8

For x = 8, cost is minimum and the corresponding least cost of the box
2 10240
C (8) = 10.8 +
8

∴ Least cost = ₹ 1920

OR
Let ABCD be the rectangle which is surmounted by an equilateral ΔEDC.

Now, given that

Perimeter of window = 12m
⇒ 2x + 2y + y = 12

y ...(i)
3
x = 6−
2

Let A denotes the combined area of the window.

Then, A = area of rectangle + area of equilateral triangle
√3
2
⇒ A = xy + y
4

from Eq. (i) ]

3 √3 3
2
⇒ A = y (6 − y) + y [∵ x = 6 − y
2 4 2

3 √3
2 2
⇒ A = 6y − y + y
2 4

On differentiating both sides w.r.t. y, we get,

√3
dA
= 6 − 3y + y
dy 2

For maxima or minima, put dA

= 0
dy
 √3
⇒ 6 − 3y + y = 0
2
√3
⇒ y( − 3) = −6
2

12
⇒ y =
6−√3

2 √3
Now,
d A d dA d
2
= ( ) = (6 − 3y + y)
dy dy dy dy 2

√3
= −3 +
2

−6+√3
= < 0
2

∴ A is maximum.
Now, on putting y = in Eq. (i), we get
12

6−√3

3 12 36−6√3−18
x = 6− ( ) ⇒ x =
2 6−√3 6−√3

18−6√3
∴ x =
6−√3

Hence, the area of the window is largest when the dimensions of the window are
and y =
18−6√3 12
x =
6−√3 6−√3

14. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

In pre-board examination of class XII, commerce stream with Economics and Mathematics of a particular
school, 50% of the students failed in Economics, 35% failed in Mathematics and 25% failed in both
Economics and Mathematics. A student is selected at random from the class.

(a) Let E denote the event that the student has failed in Economics and M denote the event that the
student has failed in Mathematics.
∴ P (E) =
50
=
1
, P(M) = 35 = 7 and P(E ∩ M) = 25 = 1
100 2 100 20 100 4

The probability that the selected student has failed in Economics if it is known that he has failed in
Mathematics.
Required probability = P ( M )
E

P (E∩M )
= =
4 1 20 5
= 7
× =
P (M ) 4 7 7
20

(b) Let E denote the event that student has failed in Economics and M denote the event that student
has failed in Mathematics.
, P(M) = 100 = 20 and P(E ∩ M) = 100 = 4
50 1 35 7 25 1
∴ P (E) = =
100 2

The probability that the selected student has failed in Mathematics if it is known that he has failed in
Economics.
Required probability = P(M/E)
1

P (M ∩E)
4 1
= = 1
=
P (E) 2
2

(c) Let E denote the event that the student has failed in Economics and M denote the event that the
student has failed in Mathematics.
∴ P (E) =
50
=
1
, P(M) = 35 = 7 and P(E ∩ M) = 25 = 1
100 2 100 20 100 4

The probability that the selected student has passed in Mathematics if it is known that he has failed
in Economics
Required probability = P(M'/E)
′
P ( M ∩E)
′
⇒ P ( M /E) =
P (E)

P (E)−P (E∩M )
= P (E)
 1 1
−

= 2

1
4

′ 1
⇒ P ( M /E) =
2

(d) Let E denote the event that the student has failed in Economics and M denote the event that the
student has failed in Mathematics.
, P(M) = 100 = 20 and P(E ∩ M) = 100 = 4
50 1 35 7 25 1
∴ P (E) = =
100 2

The probability that the selected student has passed in Economics if it is known that he has failed in
Mathematics
Required probability = P(E'/M)
′
P ( E ∩M )
′
⇒ P ( E /M ) =
P (M )

P (M )−P (E∩M )
=
P (M )
7 1
−

=
20 4

20

′ 2
⇒ P ( E /M ) =
7

SECTION B - 15 MARKS
15. In subparts (i) and (ii) choose the correct options and in subparts (iii) to (v), answer the questions as
instructed.
(a) (d) π

Explanation:
→∣ → →
∣→∣ – ∣ –
a = √3, ∣ b ∣ = 2, a . b = √6,
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

→ → ∣→∣ ∣
→∣
–
⇒ a . b = a . ∣ b ∣ cos θ ⇒ √6
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
–
= 2√3 cos θ
1 π
⇒ cos θ = ⇒ θ =
√2 4

(b) The equation is 1 or 4x - 3y + 6z = 12

x y z
+ + =
3 −4 2

The vector equation is

^
r ⃗ ⋅ (4^
i − 3^
j + 6k) = 12

(c) [ a⃗ b
⃗ ⃗ 2 ⃗ 2
a⃗ × b ] + ( a⃗) ( b)

= 0 + (12)
2
[ given |a|=3,|b|=4]
= 144
(d) (b) d = ∣
∣ Ax1 +By +Cz1 +D
1 ∣
∣
∣ √ 2
A +B +C
2 2 ∣

Explanation:
The distance d from a point P(x1, y1, z1) to the plane Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 is given by : d =
∣ Ax1 +By +Cz1 +D ∣
∣
1
∣ .
∣ √ 2
A +B +C
2 2 ∣

(e) Give line is r ⃗ = a⃗ + λb ⃗ and the equation of given plane is r ⃗ ⋅ n⃗ = p

⃗ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
|b⋅n⃗ | |( i − j +k)⋅(2 i − j +k)|
sin θ = =
⃗ 2 2
|b||n⃗ |
2 2 2 2
{√1 +(−1) +1 }{√2 +(−1) +1 }

|(2×1)+(−1)×1×1| √2 2 √2 2 √2
4 4 −1
= = = ( × ) = ⇒ θ = sin ( )
( √3×√6) √18 3 √2 √2 3 3

16. Let a⃗ = x^ ^ ^
i + y j + zk

= x2 + y2 + z2
2
∴ a⃗

∣ ^ ^ ^
i j k∣
∣ ∣
∴ a⃗ × ^
i = ∣x y z∣
∣ ∣
∣ 1 0 0∣

=^ ^ ^
i [0] − j [−z] + k[−y]
 = z^
j - yk
^

^ ^
∴ ( a⃗ × ^
j ) = (z^
j − yk)(z^
2
j − yk)

= y2 + z2
Similarly, (a⃗ ^ 2
× j) = x2 + z2 and ( a⃗ × k
^ 2
) = x2 + z2
^ 2 ^ 2 ^ 2
( a⃗ × i ) + ( a⃗ × j ) + ( a⃗ × k) = y2 + z2 + x2 + z2 +x2 +y2
= 2(x2 + y2 + z2)
= 2a⃗
2

OR
Let θ be the angle between given vectors a⃗ and b, then ⃗

⃗
cos θ =
a⃗.b
...(i)
⃗
|a⃗|b|

⃗ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
a⃗. b = (2 i − 3 j + k). ( i + j − 2k)

= (2)(1) + (−3)(1) + (1)(−2)

= 2−3−2

⃗
a⃗ ⋅ b = −3

^ ^ ^
| a⃗| = |2 i − 3 j + k|
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2 2
= √(2) + (−3) + (−1)
−−−−−− −
= √4 + 9 + 1
−−
= √14

⃗ ^ ^
| b| = |i + j − 2k|
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
⃗ 2 2 2
| b| = √(1) + (1) + (−2)
−−−−−− −
= √1 + 1 + 4

⃗ –
| b| = √6

put a⃗ ⋅ b,⃗ |a⃗| and ⃗

| b| in equation (i)
⃗
a⃗⋅b
cos θ =
⃗
|a⃗||b|

−3
=
√14×√6

−3
cos θ =
√84

−1 −3
θ = cos ( )
√84

angle between vector a⃗ and ⃗ −1 −3

b = cos ( )
√84

17. The equation of the line is

4−x y 1−z
= =
2 6 3

But to make it cartesian equation the coefficient of x, y, z must be one so the above equation becomes as
x−4 y z−1
= =
−2 6 −3

Now the direction ratios of this line is -2, 6, -3

Direction cosines of line
x−x1 y−y z−z1
1
= =
b1 b2 b3

Are given as
, ,
b1 b2 b3

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
√b +b +b √b +b +b √b +b +b
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

Here
b
2
1
+b +b
2 3
2 2
= 22 + 62 + (-3)2 = 49
−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2
−−
√b +b +b = √49 = 7
1 2 3

Hence direction cosines of the above line are

2 6 −3
( , , )
7 7 7

Cartesian equation of the line is

 x−4 y z−1
= =
−2 6 −3

Let this be equal to λ

x−4 y z−1
= = = λ
−2 6 −3

Hence, x = 4 - 2λ, y = 6λ, z = 1 - 3λ .......(i)

^ ^
.....(ii)
^
r ⃗ = x i + y j + zk

Hence comparing (i) and (ii), we get,

^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r ⃗ = 4 i + k + λ(−2 i + 6 j − 3k)

OR
The vector equation of the line passing through points (0, -1, 2) and (1, -2, 3) is
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r ⃗ = (− j + 2k) + μ( i − j + k)

Thus, the equations of two lines are

^ ^ ^ ^
l1 : r ⃗ = (− i + 3k) + λ( i − 2 j )

^ ^ ^ ^ ^
l2 : r ⃗ = (− j + 2k) + μ( i − j + k)

Clearly, line l1 passes through the point a⃗ = −^i + 3k .

^

The plane containing line l2 and parallel to line l1 is normal to the vector n⃗ given by
∣^ ^ ^
i j k∣
∣ ∣
^ ^
n⃗ = ( ^
i − 2^
j ) × (^
i −^
j + k) = ∣ 1 −2
^ ^
0 ∣ = −2 i − j + k
∣ ∣
∣1 −1 1∣

Also, it passes through the point a⃗ = −^

j + 2k
^

Thus, the equation of the plane containing l2 and parallel to l1 is

or, r ⃗ ⋅ n⃗ = a⃗ ⋅ n⃗ or, r ⃗ ⋅ (−2^
( r ⃗ − a⃗) ⋅ n⃗ = 0 j + k) = 3 ............(iii)
i −^
^

Let d be the shortest distance between the lines l1 and l2. Then
d = Length of the perpendicular from a⃗ = −^
i + 3k on the plane (iii)
^

^ ^ ^ ^ ^
|(− i +3k)⋅(−2 i − j +k)−3| |2+3−3|
⇒ d = = =
2
.
√4+1+1 √6 √6

18. Points of intersection x = -1, 2

2 2

= ∫ 3(x + 2)dx - 3 ∫ x2 dx
−1 −1

2
2 3

= 3

2
[( x + 2) 2
] −[ x ]
−1
−1

=
3 27
× 15 − 9 =
2 2

SECTION C - 15 MARKS
19. In subparts (i) and (ii) choose the correct options and in subparts (iii) to (v), answer the questions as
instructed.
(a) (c) P(x) = R(x) - C(x)
Explanation:
P(x) = R(x) - C(x)
(b) (c) 30
Explanation:

Feasible region is shaded region which is shown in the figure with corner points (0, 0), (10, 0),
L and (0,10).
20 20
( , )
3 3

Z(0, 0) = 0 Z(10,0) = 10
) = + 20 =
20 20 20 80
Z( ,
3 3 3 3

Z (0,10) = 30 ⟵ Maximum
Zmax = 30 obtained at (0, 10).
(c) Given, Σx = 15, Σy = 25, Σx2 = 55, Σy2 = 135, Σxy = 83 and n = 5
∑ x ∑ y
∑ xy−
n
bxy = 2
(Σy)
2
∑ y −
n
15× 25
83−

= 5

2
(25)
135−
5

=
83−75

135−125

=
8

10

= 0.8
ΣxΣy
Σxy−
and byx =
n

2
(Σx)
2
Σx −
n
15× 25
83−

= 5

2
(15)
55−
5

=
83−75

55−45

= 8
= 0.8
10

(d) Given TVC = 3x +

5
x

25
5

TVC
x
3x+ 4

∴ AVC = x
= x
25
= 3+ x

25
3

(AVC) =
d 4x
⇒
dx 25

∴
dx
d
(AVC) > 0 when x > 0
So, the average variable cost increases with output x.
(e) We have,
= 16 - 12x + 2x2
2

= 0 - 12 + 4x and, =4
dC d C
⇒ 2
dx dx

For C to be minimum or maximum, we must have

= 0 ⇒ -12 + 4x = 0
dC

dx

⇒ x=3
2

Clearly, = 4 > 0 for all x

d C

2
dx

Hence, C is minimum when the level of output is 3 units.

 2

20. Given R(x) = 300x − x5

2
x
300x−
R(x)
i. AR = x
= x
5
= 300 − x

ii. MR = (R(x)) = 300 -

d 2x

dx 5

iii. When MR = 0
i.e. 300 - 2x

5
= 0 ⇒ x = 750
2
(750)
∴ R(750) = ₹(300 × 750 − 5
) = ₹(225000 - 112500) = ₹ 112500

OR
Let C be the total cost function. Then,
AC =
C

⇒ C = AC ⋅ x
⇒ C = (x + 5 + 36

x
)x

⇒ C= + 5x + 36x2
Let MC be the marginal cost function. Then,
MC = dC
dx

⇒ MC = d
(x2 + 5x + 36)
dx

⇒ MC = 2x + 5
Now, AC = x + 5 +
36

⇒
d

dx
(AC) =1- 36
2
x

For AC to be increasing, we have

d
(AC) > 0
dx

⇒ 1−
36
2
>0
x
2
x −36
⇒ 2
> 0
x

⇒ x2
- 36 > 0
⇒ (x - 6) (x + 6) > 0

⇒ x < - 6 or x > 6 ⇒ x > 6 [∵ x > 0]

Thus, the average cost increases, if the output x > 6.

21. i. Let the line of regression of x on y be
3x - 2y = 5
and the line of regression of y on x be
x - 4y = 7
Written the first equation in the form
x = 23 y + 53
we get, bxy = 2

Written the second equation in the form

y = 14 x - 4
7

we get, byx =
1

ii. Now, r2 = byx x bxy

= 1
×
2

3
=
1

6
4
1
∴ r =
√6

Since r, byx and bxy all have same sign.

22. Let x hectare of land be allocated to crop X and y hectare to crop Y. Obviously, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
Profit per hectare on crop X = ₹ 10500
Profit per hectare on crop Y = ₹ 9000
Therefore, total profit = ₹ (10500x + 9000y)
The mathematical formulation of the problem is as follows: Maximise Z = 10500x + 9000y
subject to the constraints:
x + y ≤ 50 ((constraint related to land) ......(i)
20x + 10y ≤ 800 (constraint related to use of herbicide)
i.e. 2x + y ≤ 80 ......(ii)
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 (non negative constraint) ......(iii)

Let us draw the graph of the system of inequalities (i) to (iii). The feasible region OABC is shown (shaded) in
the Figure. Observe that the feasible region is bounded.
The coordinates of the corner points O, A, B and C are (0, 0), (40, 0), (30, 20) and (0, 50) respectively. Let us
evaluate the objective function Z = 10500x + 9000y at these vertices to find which one gives the maximum
profit.
Corner point Z = 10500x + 9000y
O(0,0) 0
A (40, 0) 420000
B(30, 20) 495000 Maximum
C(0, 50) 450000

Hence, the society will get the maximum profit of ₹4,95,000 by allocating 30 hectares for crop X and 20
hectares for crop Y.
OR
Suppose the youngman travels x km at the speed 25 km/hour and y km at the speed of 40 km/hour.
Speed Distance (d) Time Cost

25 km/hour x 2x
x

25

y
40 km/hour y 40
5y
We have to maximize d = x + y ...(i)
subjects to constraints x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 ...(ii)
≤ 1 ...(iii)
x y
+
25 40

2x + 5y ≤ 100 ....(iv)
First of all,we shall convert all the inequalities into equations as follows:
Consider the line x +
y
= 1
25 40

⇒ 8x + 5y = 200 ...(v)
When x = 0, y = 40
and y = 0, x = 25
A(0, 40); B(25, 0)

Consider the line

2x + 5y = 100 ...(vi)

When x = 0, y = 20
and y = 0, x = 50
; the lines (v) and (vi) intersect at ( .
50 40
C(0, 20); D(50, 0) , )
3 3

Now, feasible region shaded have corner points

B(25, 0), E (
50

3
,
40

3
) and C(0, 20) .
Now, corner points of feasible region are examined for the maximum value of d.
At B(25, 0), d = 25 + 0 = 25
At E ( 50 , 40
),d =
50
+
40
= 30
3 3 3 3
At C(0, 20), d = 0 + 20 = 20

d is maximum, when youngman travel km at a speed of 25 km/hour and km at a speed of 40

50 40

3 3

km/hour.
Total distance covered = 30 km.