DescriptiveStatistics &Data
Visualization UsingSalesDataset
Project Assignment C&An Spring 2026
Presented by: [Masfa Umer,Mahnoor Saqib, Bushra Mehfooz]
Assignment Overview
Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Dispersion
01 02
Mean, Median, Mode for Sales, Quantity, Profit/Loss Range, Variance, Standard Deviation
Data Visualization Interpretation
03 04
Bar, Pie, Line & Stacked Bar Charts Key findings and business insights
The SalesDataset
12 order records across 4 products, 6 customers, and 4 countries
Customer Qty Sales ($) Profit/Loss ($) Product Country
01
Measuresof CentralTendency
Calculating Mean, Median, and Mode for Sales, Quantity Ordered, and
Total Profit/Loss
Central Tendency —Working
Mean
Sum of all values / n
= (2,310 + 4,920 + 8,540 + 4,200 + 6,750 + 6,460 + 8,000 +
4,800 + 3,300 + 8,000 + 19,600 + 2,166) / 12
= 79,046 / 12 = 6,587.17
Median Median
Sorted middle two:
= (4,920 + 6,460) / 2 = 5,690
Mode
Central Tendency—Results
Measuresof Dispersion
Range, Variance, and Standard Deviation for Sales, Quantity Ordered,
and Total Profit/Loss
02
Working
Dispersion —Results & Working
X (Sales) X − Mean (X − Mean)²
Bar Charts —SalesbyProduct & Profit byCustomer
Profit by Customer
Sales by Product
Bar Charts
• Laptop generated the highest revenue ($85,820).
• Laptop earned $5,470 more than Smartwatch.
• Smartphone recorded the lowest sales and may require marketing review.
Pie Charts —SalesbyCountry & Quantity byProduct
Sales by Country Quantity by Product
Pie Charts
• United States contributed the largest share of sales (37.9%).
• Revenue is distributed across multiple countries.
• Marketing should focus on top markets while maintaining
diversification .
Line Charts —Sales & Profit Trends OverTime
Sales Trend Over Time Profit/Loss Trend Over Time
Line Charts
1. Sales peaked in August and November.
2. Sales dropped in December.
3. Profit generally followed sales trends but varied due to product margins.
Stacked Bar Charts —Sales byCountry & Profit byCustomer
Sales by Country (Stacked
Profit by Customer (Stacked by Product)
by Product)
Segmented Bar Charts
Tablet generated the highest sales in the United States.
Australia and Germany showed different product preferences.
Laptop revenue is spread across multiple countries, reducing concentration risk.
Interpretation & KeyFindings
Bar Charts Pie Charts
Laptop generates the highest total revenue at $85,820 United States contributes the largest share at 37.9%
It generates $5,470 more than Smartwatch ($80,350) The US does dominate, but not overwhelmingly — top 2 countries hold
Smartphone has unusually low sales ($40,400) and may need marketing ~62%
review Marketing should diversify to grow UK and Australia
Line Charts Stacked Bars
Sales peaked in August and November; dropped sharply in December In the US, Tablet leads sales
Some seasonal trend with higher Q3–Q4 activity Australia and Germany have different product mixes
Profit did not always follow sales — high-margin products like Smartwatch Laptop revenue is spread across 3 countries, reducing concentration risk
drove profit spikes
ThankYou
Questions?