Mathematics-I (MAC01) Problem Set
Functions of Single Variable
1. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the following functions.
(i) f (x) = x2 − 5x + 10 in [2, 3], (ii) f (x) = x2 cos x, in [− π4 , π4 ],
(iii) f (x) = sin(1/x), x ∈ [1/3π, 1/2π], (iv) f (x) = cos x in [− π2 , π2 ].
2. Use Rolle’s theorem to prove that the equation 5x3 − 2x2 + x − 6 = 0 can not have more than
one real root.
3. Prove that the equation x13 + 7x3 − 5 = 0 has exactly one real root.
4. Prove that between any two real roots of ex cos x + 1 = 0 there exist at least one real root of
ex sin x + 1 = 0. [Hints: Consider f (x) = e−x + cos x and apply Rolle’s theorem.]
5. Prove that between any two real roots of ex sin x + 1 = 0 there exist at least one real root of
tan x + 1 = 0. [Hints: Consider f (x) = ex sin x + 1 and apply Rolle’s theorem.]
6. If f and g are differentiable on an interval I, f 0 (x) = g 0 (x) for all x ∈ I, then prove that there
exists a constant C ∈ R such that f (x) = g(x) + C for all x ∈ I.
7. Let f and g be functions, continuous on [a, b], differentiable on (a, b) and let f (a) = f (b) = 0.
Prove that there is a point c ∈ (a, b) such that g 0 (c)f (c) + f 0 (c) = 0. Hint: Let
h(x) = eg(x) .f (x)
8. Verify Lagranges MVT for the following functions.
(i) f (x) = (x − 1)(x − 2)(x − 3) in [0, 4], (ii) f (x) = sin x in [0, π], (iii) f (x) = log x in [1, e].
9. Using Mean Value Theorem, show that
x−1
(i) < log x < x − 1 for x > 1.
x
x2
(ii) ex ≥ 1 + x + for x > 0.
2!
2
x
(iii) 1 − < cos x, for x 6= 0.
2!
3
x
(iv) x − < sin x, for x > 0.
3!
(v) x > sin x for 0 < x < π2 .
√ 1 1
10. Use Mean Value Theorem to show that 3 28 lies between 3 + 28 and 3 + 27 .
11. (Using the MVT) Prove that | sin x − sin y| ≤ |x − y| for all x, y ∈ R. Consequently, ∀x ∈ R,
| sin x| ≤ |x|.
12. Calculate c√in Cauchy’s MVT for each of the following functions.
(i) f (x) = x, g(x) = √1x in [1, 3], (ii) f (x) = log x, g(x) = x1 in [1, e].
13. If f (x) and g(x) are differentiable functions for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 such that f (0) = 5, g(0) = 1, f (1) = 8
and g(1) = 2, then show that there exists c satisfying 0 < c < 1 and f 0 (c) = 3g 0 (c).
14. A functions f is differentiable on [0, 2] and f (0) = 0, f (1) = 2, f (2) = 1. Prove that f 0 (c) = 0
for some c ∈ (0, 2).
15. If f 00 (x) ≥ 0 on [a, b] then prove that f x1 +x
1
2
2
≤ 2 [f (x1 ) + f (x2 )] for any two points x1 , x2 in
[a, b].
3 3 5 2
16. By Taylor’s theorem prove that x − x3! < sin x < x − x3! + x5! and x − x2 < log(1 + x) < x for
x > 0.
17. Find Taylor’s series of f (x) = log x about the point a = 1 and hence evaluate log 1.1 correct to
4 decimal places.
18. Find Taylor’s series of f (x) = log cos x about the point a = π/3 up to the fourth degree term.
19. Find the Maclaurin’s expansion of the following functions:
(i) tan x (ii) esin x (iii) sin−1 x, (iv) sinh x, (v) cosh x, (vi) 1+x1 1
, (vii) 1−x , (viii) tan−1 x. .