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GIS Unit1-2 PythonEcosystemForGeospatialDataScience

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GIS Unit1-2 PythonEcosystemForGeospatialDataScience

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Tokyo Ghoul

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Geographic Information Systems

(CE 361 / Math 310)

Dr. Umer Tariq

Assistant Professor,
Dhanani School of Science & Engineering,
Habib University

1
Outline

• Ipython

• Jupyter Notebook

• Google Colab

• Numpy

• Pandas

• GeoPandas

2
Python vs C

3
IPython

• IPython (short for Interactive Python)

• An enhanced Python interpreter

4
IPython: Capabilities Beyond Regular Python

• IPython Magic Commands

• IPython and Shell Commands

• Debugging Support

• Profiling and Timing Support

5
Jupyter Notebooks

• Jupyter project provides browser-based notebooks for Python, Julia, R, and

other programming languages.

• Jupyter/IPython notebook
– A browser-based graphical interface to the IPython shell
– In addition to executing Python/IPython statements, the notebook allows the user to
include formatted text, static and dynamic visualizations, mathematical equations,
JavaScript widgets, and much more.
– These notebooks can be saved in a way that lets other people open them and execute
the code on their own systems.

• Though the Ipython notebook is viewed and edited through your web
browser window, it must connect to a running IPython process in order to
execute code.

6
Google Colab

• [Link]

• Essentially, allows you to create Jupyter notebooks that are stored in your
Google Drive account and are connected to the underlying Ipython
interpreter process on a machine in the Google Cloud.

7
Numpy and Pandas: Why should I care?

• We can think of all data fundamentally as array of numbers

• Efficient mechanisms for storage and manipulation of numerical arrays is

absolutely fundamental to the process of doing data science.

• Specialized tools that are available in Python ecosystem for efficiently

handling such numerical arrays
– Numpy
– Pandas

8
Numpy

• Short for Numerical Python

• Numpy arrays are like Python’s built-in list type, but Numpy arrays provide
much more efficient storage and data operations as arrays grow larger in
size.

• Numpy arrays form the core of nearly the entire ecosystem of data science
tools in Python

• Time spent learning to use Numpy effectively will be valuable no matter

what aspect of data science interest you.

9
C vs Python

10
Statically-Typed Language vs Dynamically-Typed Language

• Statically-typed language
– Requires each variable to be explicitly declared
– Example: C, Java

• Dynamically-typed language
– Skips the explicit declaration of variables
– Example: Python

11
C Integer vs Python Integers

• A C integer is essentially a label for a position in memory whose bytes

encode an integer value

• A Python integer is a pointer to a position in memory containing all the

Python object information, including the bytes that contain the integer
value.

• This extra information in Python integer structure is what allows Python to

be coded so freely and dynamically.

• All this additional information in Python types comes at a cost, which

becomes apparent in structure that combine many of these objects.
12
Python Lists

• Because of Python’s dynamic typing, we

can even create heterogeneous lists:

• But this flexibility comes at a cost

– To allow these flexible types, each item in the
list must contain its own type info and other
information.

• In the special case that all variables are

of the same type, much of this
information is redundant. It can be
much more efficient to store
information in a fixed-type array.

13
Python Lists vs Numpy Array

• It can be much more efficient to store information in a fixed-type array.

14
Python Lists vs Numpy Array

• It can be much more efficient to store information in a fixed-type array.

• Furthermore, computation on fixed-type array would be much more

15
efficient as well.
Fixed-Type Arrays in Python

1. Built in array module (available since Python 3.3)

2. ndarray object of the Numpy package

• While Python’s array object provides efficient storage of array-based data,

Numpy adds to this efficient operations on that data.
16
Creation of Numpy Arrays: From Python Lists

17
Creation of Numpy Arrays: From Scratch

18
Computation using Numpy Arrays: Vectorized Operations