Stephen J. Ronzano, Ed.D.
American University Phnom Penh
Assistant Professor
[Link]@[Link]
Problem Solution – Graphic Organizer
As you read your two articles of 5-8 pages, or more, you want to identify the most Significant Quotes of two or
more sentences that will help you to organize your research. Remember you are looking for evidence for your
research “Problems and Solutions”, and then you will arrange them in order from “weakest” to “strongest”
arguments in the writing of your research. YOU ALWAYS end with the best…the “strongest” arguments. Share
this information with all group members.
Research Article Title:__________________________________________________________________________
Weakest to Strongest Problem with page number Solution with page number
WEAK The CPD Framework was introduced in 2019 to help teachers and
Public school directors in Cambodia are often school leaders improve their skills and knowledge, making education
criticized for not possessing sufficient qualifications better suited for the modern world. It also links professional
and skills for effective school leadership and development activities to career growth, salaries, and other benefits.
management. In 2021, a handbook and credit system were introduced to support its
implementation. However, only certain schools with a high capacity
PAGE 5 research 04 for these programs are currently included, leaving many teachers
without access. While it may take up to 10 years to fully implement
nationwide, the Ministry of Education should work on expanding it
sooner to benefit more teachers and improve overall education
quality.
PAGE 9-10 Research 04
STRONG The quality of teachers is the most important factor in Research shows that teacher quality plays a major role in student
student learning, but recruiting highly skilled success. To keep Cambodia’s education system competitive in a
individuals into teaching is a challenge. This is mainly global, knowledge-based economy, continuous improvement in
due to low social and financial status, as teachers earn teacher quality is essential. This requires strong policies for
much less than other professionals with similar recruiting, training, supporting, and motivating teachers.
qualifications. Many teachers take extra jobs to make
ends meet, affecting their performance and how they are MoEYS has already introduced several policies and initiatives,
perceived in [Link] teaching is seen as less such as the Teacher Professional Standards (2016), Teacher
rewarding, many teacher trainees come from the lower- Policy Action Plan (2015-2020), and CPD Framework (2019).
performing group in high school exams. Additionally, Other efforts include new teacher training programs and
Cambodia faces a teacher shortage, as thousands upgrading opportunities for educators. While these steps are
leave the profession each year due to retirement, promising, many policies are still being developed or only
resignations, or better job opportunities. Although partially implemented, benefiting only selected schools or areas.
teacher salaries and working conditions have improved,
the training capacity of Teacher Training Centers To truly enhance teacher quality and improve education
(TTCs) is still too limited to fully address the shortage. nationwide, MoEYS must expand and speed up the
Expanding teacher recruitment, training, and retention implementation of these policies and initiatives.
efforts is crucial for strengthening Cambodia’s
education [Link] 3 research 04 PAGE 9 research 04
STRONGEST Efforts have been made to ensure equal access to quality education,
(World Bank, 2018). a sever but this issue needs to be addressed quickly and collaboratively. More
shortage of basic learning resources and funding is essential to improve basic school facilities like libraries,
instructional materials in many Cambodian public
Limited Continuous Professional Development for
labs, computer rooms, teacher workspaces, and hygiene facilities. At
Teachers the very least, teacher workrooms should have computers with
schools, especially in rural and remote areas. internet access, a printer/copier, and necessary supplies. This will
help teachers create diverse learning experiences and adapt their
PAGE 4 Research04 teaching to different student needs. Overall, better facilities and
resources will lead to more effective schools, making increased
funding crucial for improving education quality.
PAGE 9 Research 04
Research Article Title:__________________________________________________________________________
Weakest to Problem with page number Solution with page number
Strongest
WEAK
STRONG
STRONGEST Chinese economic and development assistance to Cambodia chooses to embrace China even more, and across
additional areas such as technology, e-commerce, education and
Cambodia has also extended to agriculture, health health. Second, the United States seeks to alter Cambodia’s domestic
political preferences towards authoritarianism. Again, this objective
and education. In 2015, for example, China provided has yet to be realized, with Hun Sen clearly stating that the CNRP’s
political future and the legal proceedings against Kem Sokha are
US$87.5 million together with concessional loans entirely a matter for the courts to determine.
from the Export-Import Bank of China to fund PAGE 17
several major agricultural projects, including the Prek
Stung Keo Water Resources Development Project,
Stung River Basin Water Resources Development
Project and the construction of agriculture schools.
PAGE 4
In English 102 Problem Solution Graphic “Research Proposal” Dr. Stephen Ronzano February 2025