CL 3003 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
MONSOON 2018
Lecture – 1 : Course Introduction and Overview
Department of Chemical Engineering
BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand-835215
Course Instructor: Dr. Anand Bharti
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi
[Link]
Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from IIT Guwahati (2013-2017).
Industrial Experience: Indian Oil Corporation Limited (5 Yrs. +)
Areas of Interest:
Separation Processes
Thermodynamics
Molecular Simulation
Optimization
Process Design. 2
WHAT IS CHEMICAL ENGINEERING?
Chemical engineering is all about changing raw materials into useful products we use everyday on
an industrial scale in a safe and cost effective way.
Chemical engineers are concerned with PROCESSES and PRODUCTS.
Processes: Process Design:
Making chemicals and pharmaceuticals Inventing a new process
Processing polymers and foodstuffs Designing the equipment for a process
Energy generation Operating a process
Wastewater treatment Improving a process
Environmental clean-up
Products: Product Design:
Chemicals - petrol, ammonia, methanol Choosing a product for an application
Polymers - polythene, PVC, synthetic fibres Designing the product
Consumer products - shampoo Improving the product
Foodstuffs - ice cream, chocolate, beer
Pharmaceuticals - paracetamol, penicillin 3
WHY STUDY CHEMICAL ENGINEERING?
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERS THAT SHAPED OUR WORLD
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GEORGE E DAVIS
‘Founding Father’ of Chemical Engineering.
Coined the term ‘Chemical Engineering’.
Delivered first chemical engineering course at the University
of Manchester in 1887 in the form of 12 lectures covering
various aspects of industrial chemical practice.
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CARL BOSCH
Haber-Bosch process was developed by industrial chemist Fritz Haber,
and scaled up by chemical engineer Carl Bosch.
It takes nitrogen from the air and converts it to ammonia.
This work made it possible to produce synthetic fertilizers and thus
produce enough food for the Earth’s growing population. Without it, we
would only be able to produce two-thirds the amount of food we do
today.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931 "in recognition of their contributions to
the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods"
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MARGARET HUTCHINSON ROUSSEAU
First women to receive a chemical engineering doctorate
from MIT.
Margaret developed the process of deep-tank
fermentation which enabled large-scale production of
penicillin.
Mass production of penicillin was a key moment in history;
not only for the billions of lives it saved (and still saves
today) but for the chemical engineering involved.
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JOHN H. PERRY
Perry’s is the go to handbook for chemical engineers.
Edited its first edition – published in 1934.
John went on to edit two more editions of Perry’s, until his
son, Robert H. Perry, took over the family tradition for the
fourth edition in 1963, until his death.
John was a physical chemist and chemical engineer and
was known for his development of improved catalysts for
sulfuric acid production.
However, it is his book that truly shaped the world and has
been the key source of knowledge for chemical
engineers for over 70 years.
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JACK WELCH
Masters and PhD in chemical engineering from
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Chairman and CEO of General Electric
between 1981 and 2001.
During his tenure at GE, the company's value
rose 4,000%.
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ANDREW GROVE
Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of
California, Berkeley in 1963.
After completing his Ph.D., worked for Fairchild
Semiconductor, hired by and working under Gordon
Moore.
When Moore and Noyce left Fairchild to start Intel,
Grove was Intel's third employee, the first person to be
hired by company founders Gordon Moore and Robert
Noyce.
President: 1979 - 1997 and CEO: 1987 - 1998.
Chairman of the board of Intel Corporation from 1997
to 2005.
"Man of the Year (1997)", for being "the person
most responsible for the amazing growth in the
power and the innovative potential of microchips."
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THANKS
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CL 3003 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
MONSOON 2018
Lecture – 2 : PRELIMINARY CONCEPTS (THE LANGUAGE OF THERMO)
Department of Chemical Engineering
BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand-835215
THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM
A thermodynamic system is defined as a quantity of matter or a region in space on which we focus our
attention for thermodynamic analysis.
Everything external to the system is called the surroundings or the environment.
A system and its surroundings together comprise a universe.
The system is separated from the surroundings by the system boundary.
The boundary enclosing the system may be real or imaginary.
The system boundary may be rigid or may change its shape as well as size during a given process.
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TYPES OF THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM
Closed System Open System Isolated System
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PHASE, HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM
A quantity of matter homogeneous throughout in chemical composition and
physical structure is called a phase.
A system consisting of a single phase is called a homogeneous system.
A system consisting of more than one phase is known as a heterogeneous
system.
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
Every system has certain characteristics by which its physical condition may be
described. Such characteristics are called properties of the system.
These are all macroscopic in nature.
When all the properties of a system have definite values, the system is said to exist
at a definite state.
Properties are the coordinates to describe the state of a system.
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INTENSIVE AND EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES
Intensive properties are those that are independent of the mass of the system.
Example of Intensive properties: Temperature, Pressure, Density.
Extensive properties are those that are dependent on the mass of the system.
Example of Extensive properties: Mass, Volume.
Extensive properties per unit mass are Intensive properties.
Example: Specific volume, Specific energy.
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STATE, PROCESS, CYCLE
Any operation in which one or more of the properties of a system changes is
called a change of state.
The succession of states passed through during a change of state is called the
path of the change of state.
When the path is completely specified, the change of state is called a process.
A thermodynamic cycle is defined as a series of state changes such that the final
state is identical with the initial state.
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STATE, PROCESS, CYCLE
1 -> 2 Process
2 -> 1 Process
1->2->1 Cycle
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VARIOUS THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES
Isothermal Process: Temperature of the system remains constant.
Isobaric Process: Pressure remains constant.
Isochoric Process: Volume remains constant.
Adiabatic Process: No heat transfer occurs across the system boundary.
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GIBBS PHASE RULE (FOR NON-REACTIVE SYSTEM)
F = C –P +2
Where,
F = Number of degree of freedom, C= Number of components, P = Number of co-existing
phases.
The phase rule determines the number of independent variables that must be specified to
establish the intensive state of any system at equilibrium.
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GIBBS PHASE RULE (FOR NON-REACTIVE SYSTEM)
The intensive state of a system at equilibrium is established when its temperature,
pressure, and the compositions of all phases are fixed.
These are therefore, regarded as phase-rule variables; but they are not all
independent.
The degrees of freedom derivable from the phase rule gives the number of variables
which must be specified to fix all other remaining phase-rule variables. Thus, F
means the number of intensive properties (such as temperature or pressure),
which are independent of other intensive variables.
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GIBBS PHASE RULE (FOR NON-REACTIVE SYSTEM)
For example, for a pure component gaseous system, phase rule yields two degrees
of freedom. This implies that if one specifies temperature and pressure, all other
intensive properties are then uniquely determined from these two variables.
Similarly for a biphasic system of a pure component – say water and steam – there
is only one degree of freedom, i.e., either temperature or pressure may be specified
to fix all other intensive properties of the system.
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CL 3003 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
MONSOON 2018
Lecture – 3 : Basic Concepts
Department of Chemical Engineering
BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand-835215
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CL 3003 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
MONSOON 2018
Lecture – 4 : Reversible & Irreversible Processes
Department of Chemical Engineering
BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand-835215
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CL 3003 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
MONSOON 2018
Lecture – 5 : Reversible/Irreversible Processes and
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Department of Chemical Engineering
BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand-835215
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CL 3003 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
MONSOON 2018
Lecture – 6 : 1st Law of Thermodynamics
Department of Chemical Engineering
BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand-835215
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