KENYA INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
INSTITUTE
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
END OF TERM II EXAMS 2026
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
DIPLOMA IN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MODULE III
Time allocated: 2 hours
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
You should have the following
• Answer booklet
• Question paper
Answer ALL questions
All questions carry equal marks
Maximum marks for each part of a question are indicated
Candidates should answer the questions in English
This paper consists of 3 printed pages
©KITI Examination Board 2026 Turn over
SECTION A: CONTROL SYSTEMS (60 MARKS)
1. (a). State three characteristics of an open loop control system (3 marks)
(b). The table below shows examples of control systems. Complete the table by stating
Whether they are open or closed loop systems (4 marks)
S/No Control system Open/closed
1. Automatic hand sanitizer
2. Face detector camera
3. Time-based door lock
4. Infra-red thermometer(thermal gun)
2. (a). State two effects of negative feedback on a control system. (2 marks)
(b). Describe the following elements of a closed loop control system:
(i) controller;
(ii) measurement element. (4 marks)
3. (a). A stepper motor with 200 steps per revolution makes 160 steps clockwise and 440 steps
counter clockwise from a reference [Link] the
(i). step angle
(ii).final shaft angle (6 marks)
(b). A control system consists of a series RLC network:
(i) draw the network; (2 marks)
(ii). show that V(s)= S2LQ(s)+ SRQ(s) +Q ¿ ¿ where Q is the charge (4
marks)
4. (a). Define ‘transfer function’ as applied in control systems (2 mark)
(b).The figure below shows a block diagram of a control system. Using block diagram
reduction techniques, determine the transfer function of the system (5 marks)
c) Explain each of the following with reference to control system
(i). error signal
(ii). Control signal 4 marks
5 (a) Define each of the following as used in signal flow graphs
(i) Source node
(ii) Sink node (4 marks)
(b) Figure below shows a mechanical system. Draw the equivalent force-current analogous
network (5 marks)
6 (a) (i) Define servo mechanism
(ii).state TWO features of a servo-mechanism (3 marks)
(b). with the aid of a schematic diagram,Describe the operating principle of an AC servo motor
(4 marks)
7 (a) state TWO merits of analogue PID controllers (2 marks)
(b). Describe each of the following ID control modes
(i) Proportional mode
(ii). Integral mode
(iii).Derivative mode (6 marks)
B. INSTRUMENTATION (20 MARKS)
8. (a) Define the following with respect to instruments
i. Precision
ii. Reproducibility (2 marks)
(b). An analogue indicating instrument with a scale range 0-5v indicates a voltage of
[Link] true value of the voltage is [Link] the
i. Absolute error
ii. Absolute correction factor
iii. Relative error with respect to the true value
iv. Percentage relative error with respect to the full scale deflection. (8 marks)
8(a). Distinguish between each of the following types of transducers
(i). primary and secondary transducers
(ii). Analogue and digital transducers (4 marks)
(b). Differentiate between each of the following with reference to measuring instruments
(i) Indicating and recording instruments
(ii) Analogue and digital instruments (4 marks)
(c). Explain each of the following with reference to measuring instruments
(i) Environmental errors
(ii) Observational errors (2 marks)