ICSE CLASS 10 MATHEMATICS
Comprehensive Formula & Key Concepts Quick-Revision Sheet
1. Goods and Services Tax (GST)
Intra-State Trade (Within same State/UT):
CGST = SGST = ½ × GST Rate
Inter-State Trade (From one State/UT to another):
IGST = Full GST Rate (where CGST = 0, SGST = 0)
• GST Paid = GST Rate × Selling Price (SP)
• Total Bill Amount = Discounted SP + GST Amount
• Net GST Payable = Output Tax (on Sales) − Input Tax Credit (ITC, on Purchases)
2. Linear Inequations (in One Variable)
Rule: The direction of the inequality sign MUST be reversed/flipped whenever you multiply or divide both sides
by a negative number.
• If a > b, then −a < −b and 1/a < 1/b (if both are positive).
• Number Line Representation:
◦ Use a hollow circle (∘) for strict inequalities (< or >).
◦ Use a dark/solid circle (•) for inclusive inequalities (≤ or ≥).
• Replacement Sets: Real Numbers (ℝ) require a thick shaded line; Integers (ℤ), Whole Numbers (𝕎), and
Natural Numbers (ℕ) require distinct bold dots.
3. Quadratic Equations
2
Standard form: ax + bx + c = 0 (where a ≠ 0)
Sridharacharya's Quadratic Formula:
x = −b ± √(b2 − 4ac) / 2a
2
Discriminant (D): D = b − 4ac
Nature of Roots:
• If D > 0 and a perfect square → Roots are Real, distinct, and rational.
• If D > 0 and NOT a perfect square → Roots are Real, distinct, and irrational.
• If D = 0 → Roots are Real and equal (each root x = −b / 2a).
• If D < 0 → Roots are Imaginary / Not Real.
ICSE Class 10 Mathematics Formula Sheet Page 1 of 3
4. Reflection
Reflection in x-axis: M (x, y) = (x, −y) Reflection in line x = a: P'(2a − x, y)
x
Reflection in y-axis: M (x, y) = (−x, y) Reflection in line y = b: P'(x, 2b − y)
y
Reflection in Origin: M (x, y) = (−x, −y)
O
• Invariant Point: A point whose coordinates remain unchanged under a given reflection mapping (e.g., any point
on the x-axis is invariant under reflection in the x-axis).
5. Similarity
• Axioms of Similarity: AA (Angle-Angle), SAS (Side-Angle-Side), SSS (Side-Side-Side).
• Area Theorem: If ΔABC ∼ ΔPQR, then:
Area(ΔABC) / Area(ΔPQR) = (AB/PQ)2 = (BC/QR)2 = (AC/PR)2
• Map and Model Scale Factor (k):
k = Length of Model / Length of Object
Area of Model = k2 × Area of Object | Volume of Model = k3 × Volume of Object
6. Angle Properties of a Circle
• Angle at Center: Angle subtended by an arc at the center is twice the angle subtended by it at any point on the
remaining part of the circle.
• Angles in the Same Segment: Angles subtended by the same arc in the same segment are equal.
• Angle in a Semi-circle: The angle subtended by a diameter at the circumference is a right angle (90°).
• Cyclic Quadrilateral: Opposite angles are supplementary (±A + ±C = 180°). The exterior angle is equal to the
interior opposite angle.
7. Cone (Three-Dimensional Solids)
2 2 Total Surface Area (TSA): TSA = πr(l + r)
Slant Height (l): l = √(r + h )
2
Curved Surface Area (CSA): CSA = πrl Volume (V): V = ⅓πr h
8. Trigonometric Identities
Reciprocal Relations: Square Identities:
• sin θ = 1 / csc θ •
sin2θ + cos2θ = 1
• cos θ = 1 / sec θ •
1 + tan2θ = sec2θ
• tan θ = sin θ / cos θ = 1 / cot θ
•
1 + cot2θ = csc2θ
ICSE Class 10 Mathematics Formula Sheet Page 2 of 3
9. Algebraic Identities (Squares & Cubes)
Square Expansions: Cube Expansions:
•
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 •
(a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)
•
(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2 •
(a − b)3 = a3 − b3 − 3ab(a − b)
• 2
a − b2 = (a − b)(a + b) • 3
a + b3 = (a + b)(a2 − ab + b2)
• 2
a + b2 = (a + b)2 − 2ab = (a − b)2 + 2ab • 3
a − b3 = (a − b)(a2 + ab + b2)
•
(a + b)2 − (a − b)2 = 4ab
Special Reciprocal Cases (b = 1/a):
•
(a + 1/a)2 = a2 + 1/a2 + 2 •
(a + 1/a)3 = a3 + 1/a3 + 3(a + 1/a)
•
(a − 1/a)2 = a2 + 1/a2 − 2 •
(a − 1/a)3 = a3 − 1/a3 − 3(a − 1/a)
ICSE Class 10 Mathematics Formula Sheet Page 3 of 3