Object-Oriented Programming Using C++ - Unit 1 Notes
Page 1: Introduction
A program is a set of instructions given to a computer to perform a task.
Programming is the process of writing these instructions.
Real-life analogy: A recipe tells a cook exactly how to prepare a dish, just as a program tells a
computer what to do.
Simple C++ Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){ cout<<"Hello OOP"; return 0; }
Page 2: POP
Procedure Oriented Programming divides a problem into functions.
Features: Top-down approach, focus on functions, shared data.
Advantages: Simple for small programs.
Limitations: Difficult to manage large software.
Simple C++ Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){ cout<<"Hello OOP"; return 0; }
Page 3: OOP
Object-Oriented Programming organizes software around objects.
Features: Objects, Classes, Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism.
Advantages: Reusability, Security, Easy maintenance.
Simple C++ Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){ cout<<"Hello OOP"; return 0; }
Page 4: POP vs OOP
POP: Function-centric, top-down.
OOP: Object-centric, bottom-up.
POP shares data globally; OOP protects data using encapsulation.
Simple C++ Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){ cout<<"Hello OOP"; return 0; }
Page 5: Class and Object
Class is a blueprint.
Object is a real instance.
Example: Car blueprint -> actual car.
class Car { public: void start(){} };
Simple C++ Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){ cout<<"Hello OOP"; return 0; }
Page 6: Encapsulation & Abstraction
Encapsulation binds data and methods.
Abstraction hides unnecessary details.
ATM example: User sees options, not internal banking logic.
Simple C++ Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){ cout<<"Hello OOP"; return 0; }
Page 7: Inheritance
Inheritance allows one class to acquire properties of another.
Example: Vehicle -> Car, Bike.
Benefits: Code reuse and easier maintenance.
Simple C++ Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){ cout<<"Hello OOP"; return 0; }
Page 8: Polymorphism
Polymorphism means one interface with many forms.
Compile-time: Function overloading.
Run-time: Function overriding using virtual functions.
Simple C++ Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){ cout<<"Hello OOP"; return 0; }
Page 9: Applications
Applications include banking, hospital management, flight reservation, e-commerce, games,
education systems, library management.
Simple C++ Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){ cout<<"Hello OOP"; return 0; }
Page 10: Summary & Viva
Key terms: Program, POP, OOP, Class, Object, Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance,
Polymorphism.
Viva:
1. What is a class?
2. Difference between class and object.
3. Advantages of OOP.
4. Explain inheritance.
Simple C++ Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){ cout<<"Hello OOP"; return 0; }