INSTRUMENTS
ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE
INDICATIONS
Protection of airway
Removal of secretions
Mechanical ventilation
During general anaesthesia
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Cervical spine fracture
AIRWAY
INDICATIONS
Used to keep airway patent in unconscious
patients
Helps to prevent the backward falling of the
tongue
Helps to prevent the tongue bite in patients
with convulsions
Helps removal of secretions from the mouth
It is used in patients during general
anesthesia
It is used in patients during post anesthesia
recovery period
NASAOGASTRIC TUBE
FEATURES
Soft plastic tube
It is available in different diameters
measured in french units
It has marking at 18,22,26,and 30 inches
There are two to three holes few mm
INDICATIONS
Diagnostic
Intragastric bleed
Pyloric stenosis
Collection of gastric lavage for AFB
Achlorhydia
Therapeutic
Gastric lavage in cases of poisoning
Decompression in cases of acute pancreatitis
, acute peritonitis , intestinal obstruction and
gastric surgery
Feeding in unconscious patient
In cases of dysphagia,stricture esophagus
tumour esophagus. bulbar palsy
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Corrosive poisoning
COMPLICATIONS
Stricture esophagus
FOLEY CATHETER
FEATURES
Soft tube of latex
Has a rounded tip and two holes proximal
to the tip
The size is measured in french unit
Proximal end may have two or three
channels in two or three way cathter
respectively
INDICATIONS
Acute retention of urine
Chronic retention of urine with overflow
In cases of neurogenic bladder
In surgery involving bladder and prostrate
In all perineal operations
In management of incomplete rupture of
urethra
Intra vesical chemotherapy
To carry out urethrography
To monitor urine output
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Blood at meatus
Acute urethritis
COMPLICATIONS
Blockade
Catheter leak
Bacteriuria
IV CANNULA
IV cannulas are used to cannulate the
veins for intravenous injections, infusions
and transfusions
Adequate aseptic measures are taken
before the cannulas are inserted
LARYNGOSCOPE
FEATURES
It is a metallic instrument used for
visualization larynx and vocal cords
PARTS
Main body handle
Blade
Blades are made of curved steel and have
blunt distal end
USES
To perform direct laryngoscopy
To intubate the patient with ETT
To clean the upper respiratory tract for
removal of blood or secretions
LUMBAR PUNCTURE NEEDLE
INDICATIONS
DIAGNOSTIC
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Guillain — Barre Syndrome
Multiple Sclerosis
Neurosyphilis
For Myelography
For Pneumoencephalography
Unexplained Coma
Cases of pyrexia of unknown origin.
THERAPEUTIC
Intrathecal administration of drugs:
Methotrexate and other drugs
ANESTHESIA
Spinal anesthesia
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Raised ICP as indicated by papilledema
Suspicion of tumor or mass lesion of brain or spinal
cord Shock
Local sepsis
Bleeding disorder e.g thrombocytopenia
Gross spinal lesion
COMPLICATIONS
Herniation of cerebellar tonsils through
foramen magnum
Headache
Hypotension
Chronic adhesive arachdonitis
LIVER BIOPSY NEEDLE
INDICATIONS
Cirrhosis
Chronic active hepatitis
Unexplained hepatomegaly
Infiltrative disorders
Haemochromatosis
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Gross ascities
Prolonged PT
Thrombocytopenia
Extrahepatic cholestasis
Intraperitoneal bleed
COMPLICATIONS
Septicemia
Hemobilia
BONE MARROW BIOPSY NEEDLE
INDICATIONS
DIAGNOSTIC:
Megaloblastic anemia
Dimorphic anemia
Iron defeciency anemia
Sideroblastic anemia
Pancytopenia
Leukemia
Multiple myeloma
Chronic malaria
P.U.O
PROGNOSTIC:
Aplastic anemia
Agranulocytosis
SITE
First piece of body of sternum
Posterior iliac crest
Lumber spinous process
Medial aspect of the upper end of the
tibia
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Derranged coagulation profile
Local sepsis at site of biopsy
AMBU BAG
AMBU
Artificial
Manual
Breathing
Unit
PARTS
BAG
VALVE
FACE MASK
AMBU BAG
Hand held device used to provide a
positive pressure ventilation to a patient
who is not breathing or who is breathing
inadequately
Is a normal part of a resusitation kit for
trained professionals and ambulance crew
VALVE
Prevents the backflow of air or secretions
into the bag
Prevents the bag from contamination
FACE MASK
They may be made of silicone , rubber ,
plastic
Oxygen masks may cover the nose and
mouth or the entire face
Oxygen masks provide a method to
transfer breathing oxygen gas from the
cylinder to lungs.
ABRAMS PLUERAL BIOPSY
NEEDLE
INFUSION SETS
CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER
DRUGS
THANK YOU