17/09/2025, 16:08 Conditional Statements in Python - GeeksforGeeks

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Conditional Statements in Python

Last Updated : 29 Aug, 2025

Conditional statements in Python are used to execute certain blocks of

code based on specific conditions. These statements help control the flow
of a program, making it behave differently in different situations.

Let's explore different types of conditional statements in python.

If Conditional Statement
If statement is the simplest form of a conditional statement. It executes a
block of code if the given condition is true.

If Statement

Example:

age = 20
if age >= 18:
print("Eligible to vote.")

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Output

Eligible to vote.

Short Hand if

Short-hand if statement allows us to write a single-line if statement.

Example:

age = 19
if age > 18: print("Eligible to Vote.")

Output

Eligible to Vote.

This is a compact way to write an if statement. It executes print statement

if the condition is true.

If else Conditional Statement

If Else allows us to specify a block of code that will execute if the
condition(s) associated with an if or elif statement evaluates to False. Else
block provides a way to handle all other cases that don't meet the
specified conditions.

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If Else Statement

Example:

age = 10
if age <= 12:
print("Travel for free.")
else:
print("Pay for ticket.")

Output

Travel for free.

Short Hand if-else

The short-hand if-else statement allows us to write a single-line if-else

statement.

Example:

marks = 45
res = "Pass" if marks >= 40 else "Fail"
print(f"Result: {res}")

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Output

Result: Pass

Note: This method is also known as ternary operator. Ternary Operator

essentially a shorthand for the if-else statement that allows us to write
more compact and readable code, especially for simple conditions.

elif Statement
elif statement in Python stands for "else if." It allows us to check multiple
conditions, providing a way to execute different blocks of code based on
which condition is true. Using elif statements makes our code more
readable and efficient by eliminating the need for multiple nested if
statements.

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Example:

age = 25

if age <= 12:

print("Child.")
elif age <= 19:
print("Teenager.")
elif age <= 35:
print("Young adult.")
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else:
print("Adult.")

Output

Young adult.

The code checks the value of age using if-elif-else. Since age is 25, it skips
the first two conditions (age <= 12 and age <= 19), and the third condition
(age <= 35) is True, so it prints "Young adult.".

Nested if..else Conditional Statement

Nested if..else means an if-else statement inside another if statement. We
can use nested if statements to check conditions within conditions.

Nested If Else

age = 70
is_member = True

if age >= 60:

if is_member:

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print("30% senior discount!")

else:
print("20% senior discount.")
else:
print("Not eligible for a senior discount.")

Output

30% senior discount!

Free Python 3 Tutorial Data Types Control Flow Functions List String Set Sign In
Ternary Conditional Statement
A ternary conditional statement is a compact way to write an if-else
condition in a single line. It’s sometimes called a "conditional expression."

Example:

# Assign a value based on a condition

age = 20
s = "Adult" if age >= 18 else "Minor"
print(s)

Output

Adult

Here:

If age >= 18 is True, status is assigned "Adult".

Otherwise, status is assigned "Minor".

Match-Case Statement
match-case statement is Python's version of a switch-case found in other
languages. It allows us to match a variable's value against a set of
patterns.

Example:

number = 2

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match number:
case 1:
print("One")
case 2 | 3:
print("Two or Three")
case _:
print("Other number")

Output:

Two or Three

Related Links:

Python Control Flow Quiz

Check multiple conditions in if statement
Python if AND

Recommended Problems:

If conditional statement
Mark Even and Odd
The Else Statement
Odd or Even
Greatest of Three
Calculator
Closest Number
Factorial
Check Prime
Fibonacci Number
Check Strong Number

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