EVIDENCE OF
EVOLUTION
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES
• Explain evidences of evolution (e.g.,
biogeography, fossil record,
DNA/protein sequences, homology, and
embryology)
• Infer evolutionary relationships among
organisms using the evidence of
evolution
FOSSIL RECORD
• Different traces or remains of organism
changed over time and preserved by
NATURAL PROCESSES.
FOSSIL RECORD
FOSSIL RECORD
FOSSIL RECORD
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION
• Species variation occurred through
mutation and sexual reproduction, but
humans select features that are
beneficial.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
• Organisms from prior geographic region
that were closely related but different
species travelled into surrounding
habitats and evolved in these far apart
geographic regions.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
• CONVERGENT EVOLUTION
▪ Organisms that are closely related yet different
species live in different geographic locations
evolved similarly and adapt to same environment.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
• DIVERGENT EVOLUTION=ADAPTIVE RADIATION
▪ Due to differential selection pressure, species with a
common ancestor grow increasingly divergent,
eventually leading to SPECIATION.
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
• Different organisms’ structures evolve
from a common ancestor.
ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
• Structures in various species evolved
independently yet serve the same or similar
functions.
VESTIGIAL ORGANS
• Physical and behavioral characteristics of
organisms that have no longer used over
time.
MOLECULAR HOMOLOGIES
• All living things share same genetic
structure (DNA & RNA).
EMBRYOLOGY
• Embryos of vertebrates develop in the same way.
EMBRYOLOGY
• Human embryo has a
tail at the 4th week
which disappears
during the 8th week.
• Pharyngeal pouches
become gills in fish,
parts of throat/ears in
humans.
WHERE CAN WE SEE NATURAL SELECTION?
BIRD FLU TUBERCULOSIS
01 02
HIV/AIDS COVID-19
03
04
Viruses and bacteria evolve in different illnesses.
WHERE CAN WE SEE NATURAL SELECTION?
• Peppered moth changed its color due to air
pollution.
WHERE CAN WE SEE NATURAL SELECTION?
• Some of the insects have developed resistance
to insecticides.
KNOWLEDGE CHECK
1. DNA of the life forms on Earth are almost
universal and seem to be templated from
one original source. This line from what
evidence of evolution?
A. Embryology
B. Fossil Record
C. Molecular Biology
D. Vestigial Organs
KNOWLEDGE CHECK
2. Preserved remains of cave-dwelling man
from cold and icy places suggested that
humans look different in the past. What
evidence of evolution is used?
A. Embryology
B. Fossil Record
C. Molecular Biology
D. Vestigial Organs
KNOWLEDGE CHECK
3. These body structures indicate that
organisms descended from a close
common ancestor.
A. Homologous Structures
B. Embryonic Structures
C. Analogous Structures
D. Vestigial Structures
KNOWLEDGE CHECK
4. Fox and polar bears which are distant
relatives both developed white colored fur
to adapt to the snowy environment where
they habituate. These body structures are
identified as?
A. Homologous Structures
B. Embryonic Structures
C. Analogous Structures
D. Vestigial Structures
KNOWLEDGE CHECK
5. Which is NOT true about fossil fuels?
A. They suggest that life has history.
B. They are proofs of life in the past.
C. The older the fossil, the less it looks like
the modern day species.
D. They seem precisely like their modern-day
species, regardless of their age.