Acids, Bases, and Salts – Question Bank (75 Questions)

A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) [15 Questions]

1. Which of the following will turn blue litmus red?
(a) NaOH solution
(b) HCl solution
(c) NH₄OH solution
(d) NaHCO₃ solution
2. Which of the following is a strong base?
(a) NaOH
(b) NH₄OH
(c) Ca(OH)₂
(d) Mg(OH)₂
3. The chemical name of baking soda is:
(a) Sodium carbonate
(b) Sodium bicarbonate
(c) Sodium hydroxide
(d) Calcium hydroxide
4. Plaster of Paris is chemically:
(a) CaSO₄·½H₂O
(b) CaSO₄·2H₂O
(c) CaCO₃
(d) Ca(OH)₂
5. Which indicator gives a pink colour in basic solution?
(a) Litmus
(b) Phenolphthalein
(c) Methyl orange
(d) Turmeric
6. pH of neutral solution at 25°C is:
(a) 6
(b) 7
(c) 8
(d) 10
7. Which gas is released when acids react with carbonates?
(a) O₂
(b) CO₂
(c) H₂
(d) Cl₂
8. A solution of pH = 2 is:
(a) Weakly acidic
(b) Strongly acidic
 (c) Neutral
(d) Basic
9. Which salt is used in manufacture of glass, soap and paper?
(a) Baking soda
(b) Washing soda
(c) Bleaching powder
(d) Plaster of Paris
10. Common salt is obtained by:
(a) Electrolysis of water
(b) Neutralization reaction
(c) Evaporation of seawater
(d) Heating NaOH
11. Which compound is used to remove acidity from soil?
(a) NaCl
(b) NaOH
(c) Ca(OH)₂
(d) NaHCO₃
12. Which substance does not show acidic character?
(a) HCl
(b) CH₃COOH
(c) NaCl
(d) H₂SO₄
13. The reaction of an acid with a base to give salt and water is called:
(a) Neutralization
(b) Redox
(c) Substitution
(d) Displacement
14. Which salt is used in cold packs to absorb heat?
(a) Ammonium chloride
(b) NaOH
(c) NaCl
(d) Na₂CO₃
15. Tooth decay starts when pH of the mouth falls below:
(a) 6.8
(b) 7.0
(c) 5.5
(d) 8.0

B. Competency-Based Questions [10 Questions]

16. A student adds dilute HCl to a beaker containing zinc granules. Bubbles are seen.

 (i) Write the gas evolved.

 (ii) Name the type of reaction.
 17. During a titration, a student adds phenolphthalein to a solution. The solution turns pink.
What does this indicate?
18. A farmer finds the soil in his field acidic. Which compound should he add to correct it?
Why?
19. On adding dilute HCl to Na₂CO₃ solution, brisk effervescence is observed. Write the
balanced equation.
20. Toothpastes are generally basic. Why?
21. A sample of rainwater was found to have pH = 5. Explain the cause.
22. A teacher added CaO to water in a beaker. Students observed a hissing sound. Write the
reaction.
23. Explain why tamarind juice is used to clean brass vessels.
24. A student added dilute HCl to NaOH solution. The test tube became warm. Identify the
type of reaction.
25. Why do factories install chimneys to release smoke at a greater height?

C. Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks Each) [15 Questions]

26. Define acids and bases as per Arrhenius concept. Give examples.
27. Define pH. Write its importance in daily life.
28. Write the reaction of NaOH with dilute HCl.
29. Why is baking soda used in antacids?
30. Write the chemical equation for the preparation of washing soda.
31. Give two uses of bleaching powder.
32. Why does dry HCl gas not turn blue litmus red?
33. Write the equation for action of dilute sulphuric acid on zinc.
34. Give one use each of: (i) Plaster of Paris, (ii) Washing soda.
35. What is the difference between strong acid and weak acid? Give examples.
36. Give one industrial use of NaOH.
37. State one use of pH in agriculture.
38. What is meant by water of crystallization? Give one example.
39. Why does phenolphthalein not show colour change in neutral solution?
40. Write the chemical formula of bleaching powder.

D. Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks Each) [15 Questions]

41. Write equations showing the reaction of:
(i) Zn with HCl
(ii) Na₂CO₃ with HCl
(iii) Ca(OH)₂ with H₂SO₄
42. Explain with examples:
(i) Acid + Metal → Salt + H₂
(ii) Acid + Metal Carbonate → Salt + H₂O + CO₂
 43. Write the steps for preparation of NaOH by electrolysis of brine.
44. How is plaster of Paris prepared? Write its chemical reaction.
45. State differences between acids and bases with one example each.
46. Why is it advised not to eat highly acidic food in case of tooth decay?
47. Give reasons:
(i) Aqueous solution of HCl conducts electricity.
(ii) Dry HCl gas does not show acidic properties.
48. Write the reaction between CaO and water. Why is the reaction exothermic?
49. Why does NaOH react with zinc to liberate hydrogen gas but Al(OH)₃ does not?
50. What is neutralization reaction? Give two examples.
51. Why are salts called neutral substances?
52. How does a strong base differ from a weak base? Give examples.
53. Write equations to show bleaching powder’s action in bleaching clothes.
54. What is pH range of:
(i) gastric juice
(ii) blood
(iii) toothpaste?
55. What is water of crystallization? Write the chemical name of a salt with 10 molecules of
water of crystallization.

E. Long Answer Type Questions (4–5 Marks Each) [10 Questions]

56. Define indicators. Explain with examples the action of litmus, phenolphthalein and
methyl orange.
57. Write the chemical equations involved in the manufacture of baking soda. Mention two
uses.
58. How is washing soda prepared from sodium carbonate? Write balanced equations.
59. Explain the manufacture of bleaching powder with reactions. Write two uses.
60. What are the harmful effects of acid rain?
61. A student adds dilute HCl to Na₂CO₃, Zn, and NaOH separately. Write the three
observations and equations.
62. Explain why:
(i) Tooth decay starts below pH 5.5.
(ii) Farmers use quick lime to neutralize acidic soil.
(iii) Indigestion is treated using antacids.
63. Explain the importance of pH in daily life with any five examples.
64. Explain the process of setting of plaster of Paris with reactions. Write two uses.
65. With the help of equations, explain the preparation and uses of baking soda.

F. Case Study Based Questions [10 Questions]

66. A farmer found his soil acidic. He added quicklime.
 (i) Why was quicklime added?
 (ii) Write the reaction of quicklime with water.
 (iii) Suggest one more substance to reduce acidity.

67. Ramesh tested three solutions A, B, C with pH paper. A turned red, B turned blue, C
showed green.

 Identify the nature of each solution.

68. During a titration experiment, NaOH was added to HCl using phenolphthalein. Solution
turned colourless to faint pink.

 (i) What is the end point?

 (ii) Write the reaction.

69. In a factory, plaster of Paris is stored in open. It turns into hard mass.

 (i) Explain why.

 (ii) Write the chemical reaction.

70. A bottle of cold drink was tested with pH paper. It showed orange colour.

 (i) What is its pH range?

 (ii) Why is cold drink acidic?

71. Shyam added dilute HCl to marble chips. He saw brisk effervescence.

 (i) Which gas was evolved?

 (ii) Write the balanced equation.

72. Vinegar is added to baking soda in a test tube.

 (i) Which gas is evolved?

 (ii) How will you test the gas?

73. A student observed that after eating sour food his teeth felt sensitive.

 (i) Which acid might be responsible?

 (ii) How does toothpaste help?

74. Tap water, distilled water, and mineral water were tested with litmus. Only distilled water
showed neutral reaction. Why?
75. A student dissolved Na₂CO₃ in water. Solution turned red litmus blue.

 (i) Why is the solution basic?

 (ii) Write the equation.