BASIC NETWORK
Introduction to Computer Networks
What is a Computer Network?
A computer network is a group of two or more computers connected together so that they can
share data, information, and resources such as printers and internet.
Types of Networks
1. LAN (Local Area Network)
A network that covers a small area like a room, school, or office.
Examples:
School computer lab network
Office network
Characteristics:
Fast connection
Small geographical area
Usually privately owned
2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
A network that covers a city or large town.
Examples:
City internet networks
University campuses
Characteristics:
Larger than LAN
Covers a city
Faster than WAN
3. WAN (Wide Area Network)
A network that covers a very large area such as countries or continents.
Examples:
The Internet
Characteristics:
Very large coverage
Slower than LAN
Uses public and private networks
Network Components
1. Computer Devices
Computers
Servers
Printers
2. Network Devices
Router
Switch
Modem
3. Transmission Media
Cables (Ethernet)
Wireless (Wi-Fi)
Types of Network Connections
Wired connection (uses cables)
Wireless connection (uses Wi-Fi or Bluetooth)
Advantages of Computer Networks
Easy sharing of files
Sharing of internet connection
Sharing of hardware like printers
Fast communication
Disadvantages of Computer Networks
Security risks (hacking)
Expensive to install
Needs maintenance
Virus spread easily
SUMMARY
A computer network connects computers so they can share information and resources. The main
types are LAN, MAN, and WAN.
Types of Network Topology
Star Topology: All nodes connect to a central device (hub/switch). It is the most
common, as one cable failure only affects one node.
Mesh Topology: Devices are interconnected. A full mesh provides high
reliability, where every node connects to every other node.
Bus Topology: All nodes share a single, central cable (backbone). Inexpensive,
but a backbone failure brings down the entire network.
Ring Topology: Nodes are connected in a closed loop. Data travels in one
direction, potentially causing a bottleneck.(kizuizi)