I.
INTRODUCTION
Cloud computing is the wide imagined dream of computing as a service, the place
data owners of cloud can remotely store their sensitive and personal data like emails,
health files and personal photos onto the cloud. With the exceptional functions, we will
get services on-demand from a shared environment with computing resources from
anyplace on this cloud. It is a good tractability and cost saving to motivating both
industry and individual to outsource their regional confidential elaborate data
management method onto the cloud. The brand new cloud-computing paradigm has
generated a vast curiosity in both enterprise and academia, resulting in a number of noted
marketable and individual cloud computing services supplied through several cloud
service providers, examples from Amazon internet services, Google App engine,
Microsoft Azure, Aneka, Yahoo, and earnings drive. Top database vendors similar to
Oracle and IBM with IBM BlueMix are including cloud sustenance to their databases.
To protect data privateness, confidentiality, and data safety, sensitive data like
personal health records, e-mails, tax documents, picture albums, economic transactions,
etc, need to be encrypted by way of data owners earlier than outsourcing to the general
public cloud. However, the average plaintext keyword search data utilization carrier is
out of date. Downloading all of the data and decrypting at the data user part is trivially
impractical duo to huge quantity of bandwidth cost is required in cloud scale techniques.
The data can be readily searched and utilized or else no cause of storing data in the cloud.
Therefore, exploring robust and privacy preserving search over encrypted cloud data is of
most prominence. This is an extraordinarily difficult drawback; it degrades efficiency of
system usability and scalability. It is very complicated to fulfil the standards of approach
usability, performance, and scalability, through due to the fact the huge number of on-
demand data customers and huge quantity of outsourced data records in the cloud.
To meet powerful data retrieval, the massive amount of records demands the cloud
server to participate in relevance rating consequently, as a substitute returning all
outcome files. Such ranking procedure enables data users to seek out probably the most
significant data quickly, instead than burdensome sorting by means of each suit in the
content collection. Ranked search eliminates the unnecessary network visitors by means
of sending simplest most central files, which may be very so much fascinating in “pay-as-
you-use” cloud model. Such ranked programs will have to no longer leak any keyword
related understanding to the cloud server for privateness safety. Such rating programs
should support fuzzy key word and multi-key phrase search, as a single keyword search
often offers a long way too severe outcome.
On the one hand, to meet the effective data retrieval need, the large amount of
documents demand the cloud server to perform result relevance ranking, instead of
returning undifferentiated results. Such ranked search system enables data users to find
the most relevant information quickly, rather than burdensomely sorting through every
match in the content collection. Ranked search can also elegantly eliminate unnecessary
network traffic by sending back only the most relevant data, which is highly desirable in
the “pay-as-you use” cloud paradigm. For privacy protection, such ranking operation,
however, should not leak any keyword related information. On the other hand, to improve
the search result accuracy as well as to enhance the user searching experience, it is also
necessary for such ranking system to support multiple keywords search, as single
keyword search often yields far too coarse results.
As a common practice indicated by today’s web search engines (e.g., Google
search), data users may tend to provide a set of keywords instead of only one as the
indicator of their search interest to retrieve the most relevant data. And each keyword in
the search request is able to help narrow down the search result further. “Coordinate
matching”, i.e., as many matches as possible, is an efficient similarity measure among
such multi-keyword semantics to refine the result relevance, and has been widely used in
the plaintext information retrieval (IR) community. However, how to apply it in the
encrypted cloud data search system remains a very challenging task because of inherent
security and privacy obstacles, including various strict requirements like the data privacy,
the index privacy, the keyword privacy, and many others.
DESIGN GOALS:
Multi-keyword Ranked Search: To design schemes which allow multi-keyword query
and provide result similarity ranking for effective data retrieval, instead of returning
undifferentiated results.
Access Control Search: In order to let the data users can only carry on the multi-keyword
search in the documents, when the users' identity attributes accord with the access policy
of the relevant documents, we need to establish a reasonable access control mechanism.
Privacy-Preserving: To prevent the cloud server from learning additional information
from the dataset, and to meet privacy requirements specified.
Efficiency: Above goals on functionality and privacy should be achieved with low
communication and computation overhead.