BE3254 - Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering

Question Bank

UNIT-I TRANSFORMER
PART -A
1 What is meant by transformer? Formulate the expression for step up and step down
. transformer according to transformation ratio.
2 Compare the following transformers (i) Core type transformer (ii) Shell type.
.
3 Draw the circuit diagram of single phase transformer
.
4 Write down the EMF equation of a transformer relative to the secondary winding.
.
5 How do you reduce leakage flux in a transformer?
.
6 Draw a single phase shell type transformer and name the parts.
.
7 The emf per turn for a single-phase 2200/220 V, 50 Hz transformer is 11 V. Calculate
. the number of primary and secondary turns.
8 Explain ideal transformer and draw its phasor diagram?
.
9 Define voltage regulation of a transformer.
.
10. List the different losses occurring in a transformer.
11. Why transformer rating is in KVA?
12. Does transformer draw any current when secondary is open? Why?
13. Draw the no-load phasor diagram of a transformer.
14. At what condition does a transformer operate at its maximum efficiency.
15. Give the different types of 3 phase transformer connections.
16. What happen when a DC supply is applied to a Transformer?
17. List the advantages and applications of auto transformer.
18. In a single phase transformer, Np= 350 turns, Ns= 1050 turns, Ep= 400V. Calculate
the value of secondary voltage (Es).
19. What is per unit system?
20. What is name plate rating?
PART B
1. Describe the constructional details of different types of 1-phase transformer with neat
diagrams.
2. Draw a general schematic of a single phase transformer. Describe its working principle and
deduce the expression for emf in secondary winding.
3. (i) Draw an ideal single phase transformer and explain the principle of operation, the
concept of step up and step down transformer.
(ii ) Derive the EMF equation of a single-phase transformer with respect to its primary and
secondary windings.
4. The following data were obtained on a 20 kVA, 50 Hz, 2000/200 V distribution
transformer:
OC test with HV open-circuited : 200 V, 4 A and 120 W SC test
with LV short-circuited : 60 V, 10 A and 300 W
Estimate all the parameters of the equivalent circuit referred to the HV and LV sides of the
transformer.
5. Develop the equivalent circuit of a single phase transformer referred to primary and
secondary.
6. Derive the equivalent circuit parameters and thereby find the regulation and efficiency of
the transformer by performing OC test.
7. Derive the equivalent circuit parameters and thereby find the regulation and efficiency of
the transformer by performing SC tests.
8. Draw and explain the phasor diagram for a single phase transformer supplying a leading
power factor load.
9. (i) A40 kVA,3300/240V,50Hz,1Ø transformer has 660 turns on the primary. Determine
1) The number of turns on the secondary
2) The Maximum value of flux in the core
The approximate value of primary and secondary full load current
(ii) Define the term voltage regulation of a transformer and derive the expression for
voltage regulation.
10. The test results obtained on a 1 phase 20 KVA, 2200/220 Volts transformer are: OC test :
220 V, 1.1 A, 125 W;
SC test : 52.7 V, 8.4 A, 287 W
The transformer is fully loaded. Find the load p.f. for zero voltage regulation.
11. The voltage per turn of a single phase transformer is 1.1 volt, when the primary winding is
connected to a 220 volt, 50 Hz AC supply the secondary voltage is found to be 550 volt.
Identify the primary and secondary turns and core area if maximum flux density is 1.1
Tesla.
12. Describe the various three phase transformer connection and parallel operation of three
phase transformer.
13. What is meant by auto transformer? Explain the principle, construction, working of a auto
transformer.
14. (i) Describe in detail about per unit system.
(ii) Write short notes on name plate rating and provide the details given in name plate.
UNIT-II DC MACHINES
PART -A
1. Describe the working principle of operation of a DC generator
2. How universal motor is different from DC motor?
3. Classify the different types of DC generators
4. Sketch the external characteristics of a DC series generator.
5. Give the function of commutator in a DC machine.
6. What is the function of interpoles?
7. What is meant by armature reaction in dc machines?
8. Write the conditions which determines if a DC machine is generating or
Motoring
9. Write the induced EMF equation when the machine act as DC motor and DC
generator.
10. The starting current of a dc motor is high. Justify
11. The starting torque of a dc series motor more than that of a dc shunt motor of same
power rating. Justify
12. Analyze on how can the direction of rotation of a DC shunt motor be reversed?
13. How can an universal motor be reversed?
14. How hysteresis and eddy current losses are minimized?
15. State any two application of Universal motor.
16. What is the significance of back E.M.F. in a DC Motor?
17. Write the speed equation and List the various methods of speed in DC series motor.
18. Give the necessity of a starter for a dc motor.
19. Compare field and armature control methods.
20. Point out the applications of DC series and shunt motors.
PART B
1. (i) Draw and explain the construction and principle of operation of a DC generator.
 (ii)Explain the armature reaction in a DC generator on no load and on load conditions.
Also briefly explain the methods to overcome the adverse effects of the armature
reaction.
2. (i)Draw and describe the different types of D.C. generators with its winding
diagram.
(ii)The armature of a 4-pole wave wound D.C. shunt generator has 144 slots and 3
conductors per slot. If the armature in rotated with a speed of 1200 rpm in a field of
0.025 weber per pole, Estimate the emf generated.
3. (i) Discuss in detail about armature reaction.
(ii) Derive the emf equation of DC generator.
(iii) Sketch the characteristics of a DC shunt generator.
4. (i) Draw and explain the no-load and load characteristics of DC shunt, series and
compound generators.
(ii) A 25 kW, 250 V, DC shunt generator has armature and field resistance of 0.06Ω and
100Ω respectively. Determine the total armature power developed when working 1) as a
generator delivering 25 kW output and 2) as a motor taking 25 kW input.
5. (i) Describe with neat sketch the construction of DC machines.
(ii) A 250 kW, 500 V, long shunt compound generator develops 480 V on no- load
when running at 1000 rpm. The speed of the machine falls to 975 rpm on full load and
the terminal voltage rises to 500 V. If the increase in flux from no- load to full load is
15%, calculate the value of the armature resistance. The series and shunt field
resistances are 0.02 Ω and 100 Ω respectively. Assume a voltage drop of 1 V per brush.
6. A shunt generator delivers 50 kW at 250 V and 400 r.p.m. The armature and field
resistances are 0.2 and 50 ohms respectively. Find the speed of the machine
running as a shunt motor and taking 50 kW input at 250 V.
7. (i) Explain with a neat sketch the principle of operation of a dc motor.
(ii) A 10 kW, 220 V, DC 6 pole shunt motor runs at 1000 rpm. Delivering full load.
The armature has 534 lab connected conductors. Full load copper loss is
0.64 kW. The total brush drop is 1 volt. Determine the flux per pole neglecting shunt
current.
8. (i) With neat schematic, explain the following methods for speed control of DC shunt
motor
(1) Armature Control Method
Field Control Method.
(ii) A 4 pole, 240 V wave connected shunt motor gives 1119 kW when running at 1000
RPM and drawing armature and field currents of 50 A and 1.0 A respectively. It has 540
conductors; its resistance is 0.1 ohm. Find (1) total torque (2) useful torque (3) useful
flux per pole (4) rotational losses and (5) efficiency. Assuming a drop of 1 volt per
brush.
9. (i) Using step by step approach, develop a mathematical expression for torque
developed in DC machine.
(ii) Discuss in detail about the N-Ia, T-Ia and N-T characteristics for a DC series motor,
DC shunt motor and DC compound motor.
10. (i) Draw a neat diagram showing the salient parts of a DC motor. Explain the function
of each in detail.
(ii) A 400 V dc shunt motor runs at 1000 rpm taking an armature current of 65 A. Its
armature resistance is 0.35 Ω. Calculate the speed required to develop braking torque of
280 Nm when the machine is operated with regenerative braking.
11. (i) With a neat sketch explain the operation of 4-point starter. What are the
advantages of this starter over 3-point starter?
(ii) An 8-pole D.C shunt generator with 778 waveconnected armature conductors and
running at 500 r.p.m. supplies a load of 12.5Ω resistance at terminal voltage of 250 V.
The armature resistance is 0.24Ω and the field resistance is 250Ω. Find the armature
 current, the induced e.m.f. and the flux per pole.
12. (i) A 250 V dc shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.5 Ω and a field resistance of
250 Ω. When driving at 600 rpm, a load torque of which is constant, the armature current
is 20 A. If it is desired to raise the speed from 600 rpm to 800 rpm, find the resistance
that must be inserted in the shunt field circuit, assuming magnetization curve to be a
straight line.
(ii) Explain with neat diagram, the working of a 3-point starter.
13. (i) With the help of a neat sketch, compare the mechanical characteristics of
different dc motors.
(ii) Explain the speed control of a DC series motor by
Field diverters method,Variable resistance in series with the motor.
14. Explain the construction, working principle, characteristics and applications of Universal
motor with relevant diagrams.
UNIT III AC ROTATING MACHINES
PART -A
1. Give the advantages and disadvantages of three phase induction motor.
2. Define the term slip of an 3-phase induction motor.
3. Draw the slip-torque characteristics of a three phase induction motor
4. State condition at which starting torque developed in a 3 phase induction motor is
maximum
5. Name the test conducted for obtaining the equivalent circuit parameters of 3phase
induction motor
6. List the methods available to control the speed and various starters used for starting a of
an induction motor.
7. Estimate the synchronous speed of an induction motor running at 2900
r.p.m. with 50 Hz supply?
8. Why an induction motor will never run at its synchronous speed?
9. Why a single phase induction motor is not self starting?
10. Compare Brushless DC motor and Stepper motor.
11. What are the principal advantages of rotating field type construction in
alternators?
12. Classify the different types of alternators and single Phase induction motor.
13. Write the essential elements for generating EMF in alternators.
14. What is hunting in a synchronous machine? Explain
15. Write the purpose of damper winding.
16. What is synchronous condenser? Explain.
17. Give the various torques associated with synchronous motors.
18. Why a synchronous motor is not a self starting machine? Analyze
19. Alternators rated in kVA and not in kW. Justify
20. Analyze the different methods used to start a synchronous motor.
PART-B
1. (i) Draw and explain the constructional details and operating principles of an
alternator.
(ii) Derive and show the emf equation of a 3ϕ alternator.
2. (i) Draw and explain the principle of operation of a synchronous motor.
(ii) Explain the advantages of stationary armature and rotating field in an alternator.
3. (i) Show that the starting torque of a synchronous motor is zero.
(ii) Discuss in detail the phenomenon of ‘hunting’ in a synchronous machine. How is it
remedied?
4. (i) Derive an expression for the power developed in an synchronous motor.
(ii) Discuss ‘V’ and inverted ‘V’ curve of a synchronous motor.
5. Draw and explain the construction and principle of operation of three phase slip ring
 induction motor. How is the construction different in squirrel cage induction motor?
6. (i) Explain and Derive the relationship between
(a) Full load torque and maximum torque, Starting torque and maximum torque.
(ii) Derive the equation for torque under running conditions in a 3-phase
induction motor.
7. (i) Draw and Discuss the slip-torque characteristics of 3-phase induction motor.
(ii) Explain the working of autotransformer starter of a 3 phase induction motor with a
neat diagram.
8. (i) Explain the star-delta method of starting of 3ϕ induction motor.
(ii) Discuss briefly different methods of stator side control of speed of a 3ϕ
induction motor.
9. (i)Compare squirrel cage induction motor and slipring induction motor.
(ii)Derive the condition for maximum torque.
(iii) Correlate the operation of a transformer andinduction motor.
10. Briefly describe the speed control of three phase induction motors by
(i) Frequency (ii) Number of poles.
11. Describe the construction, working principle and applications of single phase
induction motor with neat diagrams.
12. With a neat diagram describe the working principle of Brushless DC motor.
13. Describe the construction and principle of working of Stepper motor with neat diagrams
and mention its applications.
14. With neat sketches, using the double field revolving field theory, explain why a single
phase induction motor is not self-starting.
UNIT IV MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
1. Define 'error' in measurement.
2. What is a transducer?
3. What is piezoelectric effect?
4. What are the basic elements of a generalised measurement system?
5. List any four static characteristics of a measuring system.
6. Define the term 'accuracy'.
7. Define the term 'precision'.
8. Differentiate zero drift and span drift.
9. What is measurement and how it is classified?
10. Mention the basic requirements of measuring instruments.
11. What is meant by dynamic characteristics of instruments?
12. Distinguish between active and passive transducer.
13. List the factors to be considered for selecting a transducer.
14. Mention the uses of capacitive transducer.
15. Define 'gauge factor' of a strain gauge.
16. What is drift?
17. What is a primary sensing element?
18. Distinguish between reproducibility and repeatability.
19. Define 'static error'. How are static errors classified?
20. Compare analog and digital instruments.
PART B
1. (i). List and define the Static characteristics of an instrument.
(ii). Explain the static characteristics of an instrument with an example.
2. (i). List and define various types of errors associated in measurement.
(ii). How these errors can be minimized.
3. (i). Explain working principle of strain gauge with neat diagram.
(ii). Derive the expression for the strain gauge.
4. (i). Illustrate the working Principle of piezoelectric transducers with neat sketch.
 (ii). Derive the expression foe the piezoelectric transducers.
5. (i). Explain the working principle of LVDT with neat diagram.
(ii). Explain the operation of LVDT with an application.
6. Describe the different criteria for selection of transducer for a particular
application and classification.
7. Explain the construction and working of DMM with all its self diagnostic features.
8. With a neat Block diagram, briefly explain about the general purpose
oscilloscope.
9. List and define the dynamic characteristics of transducers with detail diagram.
10. (i). List the types of capacitive transducers with diagram.
(ii). Derive the design procedure of a capacitive transducer.
11. Compare the advantage and disadvantages of thermoelectric over electrical
transducers.
12. Sketch and explain the Photoelectric transducer principle with an
application.
13. Differentiate the advantage and disadvantage of mechanical and electrical and electronic
instruments with five features.
UNIT V BASICS OF POWER SYSTEMS
PART A
1. What are the advantages of three phase system?
2. What are the principle divisions of an electric power system?
3. What is meant by distribution system? What are the parts of distribution system?
4. What are the different types of distributions?
5. What is an interconnected system?
6. What is earthing? Name the types of earthing
7. What is pipe earthing?
8. Mention the procedure for Plate Earthing
9. What is difference between fuse and circuit breaker?
10. What are the types of circuit breaker?
11. What is MCCB?
12. Mention the differences between the MCB and MCCB.
13. What is ELCB?
14. What is Current Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker?
15. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ELCB?
PART B
1. Explain with a simple diagram the basic structure of electric power system to deliver
electricity to the consumer place
2. Discuss AC and DC distribution system in detail.
3. Discuss about different types of earthing in detail.
4. Explain the working of miniature circuit breakers in detail.
5. Explain the working of Earth Leakage Circuits Breaker (ELCB) in detail.
6. Explain the working of Molded Case Circuits Breaker (MCCB) in detail.
7. List out and discuss the safety precautions and first aid procedures in detail.