8085 has 40b pins bade bhai and An interrupt is a signal that temporarily stops the normal execution
of the CPU and forces it to execute a special
routine called an Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) to handle an urgent event. After servicing the interrupt, the CPU returns to the main program.
Auxiliary Carry (AC) is a flag in the 8085 that is set when a carry is generated from bit 3 to bit 4 (lower nibble to upper nibble) during an arithmetic operation
T he P rogram Counter (P C) is a 16-bit register in the 8085 that stores the address of the next instruction to be
fetched and executed, while the Stack P ointer (SP ) is a 16-bit register that stores the address of the top of the
stack in memory and is used during stack operations such as P USH, P OP, CALL, and RET.
A DMA controller is a hardware unit that manages direct data transfer between memory and peripheral
devices without requiring the CPU to handle each byte or word of data.
DMA (Direct Memory Access) in 8085 is a method that allows an external device to transfer data directly
between memory and the I/O device without continuous CPU involvement. The device requests control
of the buses by asserting the HOLD signal, and after completing the current machine cycle, the 8085
responds with HLDA (Hold Acknowledge) and releases the address, data, and control buses. The DMA
controller then performs the data transfer, after which the HOLD signal is removed and the CPU regains
control and resumes normal operation, resulting in faster data transfer and reduced CPU overhead.