C Programming Lecture Notes with Examples
Introduction to C Programming
C is a general-purpose programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie. It is widely used for system
programming, software development, and embedded systems.
Structure of a C Program
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello World");
return 0;
}
Variables and Data Types
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int age = 20;
float marks = 85.5;
char grade = 'A';
printf("%d", age);
return 0;
}
Operators in C
Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %
Comparison Operators: ==, !=, >, <
Logical Operators: &&, ||, !
Conditional Statements
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number = 10;
if(number > 0) {
printf("Positive Number");
} else {
printf("Negative Number");
}
return 0;
}
Loops in C
For Loop Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int i;
for(i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
printf("%d\n", i);
}
return 0;
}
Functions in C
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int sum(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
int main() {
int answer = sum(5, 3);
printf("%d", answer);
return 0;
}
Arrays in C
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int numbers[3] = {10, 20, 30};
printf("%d", numbers[1]);
return 0;
}
Pointers in C
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int x = 10;
int *ptr = &x;
printf("%d", *ptr);
return 0;
}
File Handling
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
FILE *file;
file = fopen("[Link]", "w");
fprintf(file, "Hello File");
fclose(file);
return 0;
}