Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Unit Objectives: In this unit, you will

●​ Learn key geometric vocabulary and how to represent points, lines, angles, and shapes using
proper notation.
●​ Measure and classify segments and angles, and apply formulas for midpoint and distance.
●​ Explore angle relationships, special pairs, and geometric constructions using a compass and
straightedge.
●​ Analyze logical statements using conditional reasoning, and apply deductive and inductive logic to
proofs.
●​ Construct algebraic and geometric proofs involving segments, angles, bisectors, and vertical
angles.

Lesson 1.1: Basic Geometry Vocabulary

Lesson Objectives: You will learn fundamental geometric terms and how to use notation to
represent them accurately.

Undefined Terms

Undefined Terms
Term Description Name Example

Point

Line

Plane

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Geometry Building Blocks

Term Description Name Example

Line
Segment

Ray

Angle

Types of Lines
Term Description Symbol Example

Parallel Lines

Perpendicular
Lines

Skew Lines

Angles
Definition Parts of an Angle Example

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Types of Angles

Congruence
Definition Notation

Special Angle Relationships

Complementary Supplementary
Adjacent Angles Linear Pair Vertical Angles
Angles Angles

2-D Shapes: Polygons

Definition Examples Non-Examples

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Types of Polygons
Convex Concave Regular Irregular

Names of Polygons
# sides 3 4 5 6 7

Name

Diagram

# sides 8 9 10 12 n

Name

Diagram

Measurements
Perimeter: Area:

Circles and Curved Figures

Term Definition

Circle

Arc

Diameter

Radius

Circumference

Arc Length

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Solids
Solid Net

Types of Solids
Polygon faces: Curved Surface Faces

Prism Pyramid Cylinder Cone Sphere

Measuring Solids
Surface Area Volume

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Lesson 1.2: Measuring Segments

Lesson Objectives: You will learn to measure segments and apply the Midpoint and Distance
Formulas.

Collinear & Coplanar Points

Collinear Coplanar

Distance & Segment Length

Segment Addition Postulate

Examples
1) If 𝐴𝐵 = 5 and 𝐵𝐶 = 3, what is 𝐴𝐶? 2) If 𝐴𝐶 = 21 and 𝐴𝐵 = 12, what is 𝐵𝐶?

3) If 𝐴𝐵 = 2𝑥 + 4, 𝐵𝐶 = 4𝑥 − 3, and 4) If 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑥, 𝑄𝑅 = 2𝑥, 𝑅𝑆 = 𝑥 + 5, and

𝐴𝐶 = 3𝑥 + 46, find the values of 𝑥, 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶, and 𝑃𝑆 = 33, find the values of 𝑥 and all the
𝐴𝐶. segment lengths.

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Bisectors

Examples
Plane Line Point Perpendicular

Midpoint
Definition Formula

Examples

1) Find the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵. 2) Find the midpoint of 𝐶𝐷.

3) One endpoint of a line segment is at (1, 1). If we know the midpoint of the segment is at
(4, 2), what are the coordinates of the other endpoint?

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Using Midpoint & Bisectors

1) Find the length of 𝐿𝑁. 2) Find the value of 𝑥 if 𝑃𝑅 = 136.​

​

Distance Formula

Examples
1) Find the distance from 𝐴 to 𝐵. 2) Find the length of 𝑀𝑁.

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Lesson 1.3: Measuring Angles

Lesson Objectives: You will learn how to classify and measure angles. Additionally, you’ll use
angle postulates and properties to solve for missing measurements in angles.

Angle Basics
Definition Naming

Examples
1) Give all the names of the angle shown. 2) Give all the names of the angles shown.

Adjacent Angles & Angle Addition Postulate

Adjacent Angles Angle Addition Postulate

Examples
1) If 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 30° and 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐷 = 47°, what is 2) If D is in the interior of ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 125°
𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶? and 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐷 = 107°, what is 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐷?

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

3) Find 𝑚∠𝐿𝐾𝐽 if 𝑚∠𝑀𝐾𝐿 = 6𝑥, 𝑚∠𝑀𝐾𝐽 = 135°, 4) If 𝑚∠𝑄𝑅𝑆 = 17𝑥 − 9, 𝑚∠𝑄𝑅𝑇 = 38°, and
and 𝑚∠𝐿𝐾𝐽 = 16𝑥 + 3. 𝑚∠𝑇𝑅𝑆 = 7𝑥 + 2, find 𝑚∠𝑄𝑅𝑆.

Measuring & Classifying Angles

Tool: Protractor Protractor Postulate

Examples:
1) Use the diagram to identify and name the 2) Use the diagram to identify and name the
following: following:

Obtuse angle: Perpendicular Lines:

Acute angle: Congruent Angles:
Right angle: Supplementary Angles:
Straight angle:

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Lesson 1.4: Angle Pairs and Relationships

Lesson Objectives: You will learn the different angle relationships and how to solve problems
using those relationships.

Angle Relationships
Vertical Angles Linear Pair Angle Bisector

Complementary Angles Supplementary Angles Linear Pair Postulate

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Examples
1) If 𝑚∠1 = 120°, find 2) Given: ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 and ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 are 3) Find the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦.
𝑚∠2 and 𝑚∠3. complementary. Find the value
of 𝑥, 𝑚∠𝐴𝐷𝐵, and 𝑚∠𝐵𝐷𝐶.

Lesson 1.5: Constructions

Lesson Objectives: You will learn the tools for geometric constructions and how to construct
segments, bisectors, parallel lines, and perpendicular lines.

Tools
Compass Straightedge Ruler

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Copying a Segment or Angle

Copy a Segment Copy an Angle

Bisectors
Segment Bisector ​
Perpendicular Bisector
(a point not on the line)

Angle Bisector

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Perpendicular Lines
Perpendicular (point on a line) Perpendicular (a point not on a line)

Parallel Lines
Parallel lines (copying an angle)

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Lesson 1.6: Conditional Statements

Lesson Objectives: You will learn all about conditional statements, inverse, converse,
contrapositive, biconditional, and the law of contrapositive.

Conditional Statements 𝑝 → 𝑞

Conditional Statement

Hypothesis

Conclusion

Forms of a Conditional Statement

If-Then Form Implication Form Only If Form Venn Diagram

Examples: Identify the hypothesis and conclusion in each statement. Then represent the
conditional statement with a Venn diagram.
1) If two lines are perpendicular, then they intersect to form right angles.

Hypothesis: Conclusion: Venn diagram:

2) Rain implies the ground will be wet.

Hypothesis: Conclusion: Venn diagram:

3) You will play the game only if it is Friday.

Hypothesis: Conclusion: Venn diagram:

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Negation

Truth Value

Counterexample

Converse, Inverse, Contrapositive

Statement Form Symbols Example Truth Value

Conditional 𝑝→𝑞 If an animal is a panda, then it is a bear.

Converse

Inverse

Contrapositive

Logically Equivalent:
Two statements are logically equivalent if _________________________________________.
●​ The ______________________ and ______________________ are logically equivalent.
●​ The ______________________ and ______________________ are logically equivalent.

Example: Construct the following statements and state their truth values.
Statement Truth Value

Conditional If a polygon has 4 sides, then it is a quadrilateral.

Converse

Inverse

Contrapositive

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Biconditional Statements
Definition Example

If 4x + 1 = 13, then x = 3
If x = 3, then 4x + 1 = 13

Biconditional:

Examples
1) Turn the statement into a 2) Identify the truth value of 3)Identify the truth value of the
biconditional statement: the biconditional statement. biconditional statement.
A right angle measures 90° A rectangle has side lengths The sum of two angles is
of 4in and 5in if and only if 180° if and only if the two
it's area is 20in2 angles form a linear pair.

The Law of Contrapositive

Law of Contrapositive Example

Conditional: If a number is divisible by 4,

then it is even.

Contrapositive:

Truth Value:

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Lesson 1.7: Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Lesson Objectives: You will learn different types of logic and reasoning.

Inductive & Deductive Reasoning

Inductive Deductive

Definition

Example

Based on

Accuracy

Useful for

Examples
1) Inductive or Deductive? 2) Inductive or Deductive?
If 4 + 𝑥 = 7, then 𝑥 = 3 If the first four terms in a sequence are 5, 7,
9, 11, then the fifth term will be 13.

3) Develop a conjecture based on the 4) A bike was stolen from Bikes R US over the
following and identify whether it was based on weekend. Past break-ins were committed by
inductive or deductive reasoning: groups of teens during weekend hours. Security
camera shows an adult woman leaving the store
i) Doctors noticed that when patients took with a bike Monday at 3am.
Dimatrin for headaches, they also lost weight.
Who should be charged with the crime based on
inductive reasoning?

ii) 1+3=4, 7+5=12, 11+11=22, and Who should be charged based on deductive
101+99=200. reasoning?

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Law of Detachment

Definition

Examples: Use the Law of Detachment to make a conclusion.

1) To be a firefighter, you 2) A rectangle with side 3) The square of any even
must pass the training. lengths of 4 in. and 3 in. has number will be even.
Bryan is a firefighter. an area of 12 in2. x is an even number.
You are given the rectangle
below:

Law of Syllogism

Definition

Examples: Use the Law of Syllogism to make a conclusion.

1) If two angles form a linear 2) If the measure of ∠B is 3) a = b
pair, then they are adjacent. less than 90o, then ∠B is an b=3
If two angles are adjacent, acute angle. If an angle is
then they share a side. acute, then its supplement is
obtuse.

Logic Puzzle
Janna, Zeriah, and Bethany are voting on which sport to play next. Each girl voted for a
different sport. They can only vote for one sport: soccer, volleyball, or basketball. If Janna
voted, she voted for basketball. If Bethany voted, she did not vote for soccer.

What sport did each person vote for?

Soccer Volleyball Basketball

Janna

Zeriah

Bethany

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Lesson 1.8: Algebraic Proofs

Lesson Objectives: You will learn how to structure and complete algebraic proofs using algebraic
properties.

Reflexive, Symmetric, Transitive Properties

Reflexive Symmetric Transitive

Example Example Example

Algebraic Properties
Identity Property Inverse Property Associative Commutative Distributive
Property Property Property

Example Example Example Example Example

Example
Use algebraic properties to simplify [3(4 + 𝑥)] + 50.

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Equality Properties
Substitution Addition Subtraction

Definition Definition Definition

Example Example Example

Multiplication Division Square Root

Definition Definition Definition

Example Example Example

Examples: Name each property used.

1) Simplify 105 ÷ 𝑧 if 𝑧 = 7 2) If 4𝑥 − 18 = 6, 𝑥 =? 2
3) If 162 = 𝑦 + 18, 𝑦 =?

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Proofs
Definition

Proof

Types of Proofs
Given: You have all the required ingredients and items.
Prove: You can make a cake.

Flow Chart Paragraph Two-Column

Algebraic Proofs
General Information Example

Given: 4𝑚 − 8 = − 12
Prove: 𝑚 = − 1

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

More Examples
1) Given: 2) Given:

Prove: 𝑥 = 5

Prove: 𝑛 = 6

Statements Reasons

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Lesson 1.9: Segment and Angle Proofs

Lesson Objectives: You will learn how to complete different proofs involving segments and
angles.

Proving Segments are Congruent

Given: 𝑊𝑌 = 𝑋𝑍
Given: 𝐸 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑌𝑆, 𝑁 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐷
Prove: 𝑊𝑋 = 𝑌𝑍
𝑌𝐸 = 𝐴𝑁
Prove: 𝐸𝑆 = 𝑁𝐷
Statements Reasons
Statements Reasons
1. 𝑊𝑌 = 𝑋𝑍

2. 𝑊𝑌 = 𝑊𝑋 + 𝑊𝑌

3. 𝑋𝑍 = 𝑋𝑌 + 𝑌𝑍

4. 𝑊𝑋 + 𝑋𝑌 = 𝑋𝑌 + 𝑌𝑍

5. 𝑊𝑋 = 𝑌𝑍

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Proofs with Bisectors

→
1) If 𝐼𝑓 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐵𝐶, prove 𝑄𝐵 is a segment 2) Given: 𝐵 bisects 𝐴𝐶, 𝑊𝑋 bisects 𝐴𝐵, and 𝑌𝑍
bisector of 𝐴𝐶. bisects 𝐵𝐶.
Write a paragraph proof. Prove: 𝐴𝐷≅𝐸𝐶

Statements Reasons

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Proofs with Angles

1) Given: ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 is a complement of ∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 2) Given: ∠𝑉𝑌𝑋 ≅ ∠𝑊𝑌𝑍
Prove: 𝑚∠𝐷𝐸𝐴 = 90° Prove: ∠𝑊𝑌𝑋 ≅ ∠𝑉𝑌𝑍

Statements Reasons Statements Reasons

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Geometry, Part 1​ Unit 1: Measurements and Proof

Vertical Angles Theorem

Theorem:

Proof:
Given: Lines 𝑃𝑄 and 𝑅𝑆 intersect at 𝐵
Prove: ∠𝑃𝐵𝑅 ≅ ∠𝑆𝐵𝑄

Statements Reasons

Applying the Vertical Angles Theorem

Given: 𝑚∠𝑅𝐵𝑄 = 82°
Find the following:

𝑚∠𝑃𝐵𝑆 =

𝑚∠𝑃𝐵𝑅 =

𝑚∠𝑆𝐵𝑄 =

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