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Simple, Complex, Compound Sentences
Structural Sentences
The sentence which introduce the structure of a sentence is called
structural sentence. It is of 3 kinds.
1. Simple Sentence
2. Complex Sentence &
3. Compound Sentence
Simple Sentence
A sentence which has a subject , a finite verb and an object is called
a Simple Sentence.
Example: I go to school
Simple= One clause
= One Principal clause
= One subject+ one finite verb
Complex Sentence
A sentence which has more than one clause of which there is a Principal clause and another/the
other clauses are subordinate clauses and all the sentences are connected with connecting word is
called a Complex Sentence.
In a Complex sentence Subordinate clause is always dependent on Principal clause to express a full
sentence.
Example: I was absent because I was sick.
Complex = Principal clause and Subordinate clause added with Subordinating Conjunction
= Principal clause+connecting word +Subordinate clause
= Connecting word +Subordinate clause+Principal clause
Connecting Words of Complex Sentences
Cause & Effect: because, since, so that, as
Time: before, after, until, when, whenever, while, as soon as
Condition: if, unless, provided that, even if
Contrast / Concession: although, even though, whereas, though
Location: where, wherever
Other than these there are many of them.
Compound Sentence
Compound sentence: A sentence which has two or three clauses
of which all are Principle clauses and are connecting to each other
with connecting word is called a compound sentence.
Example: It is raining and I am going out with my umbrella.
Structure: Principle clause + connecting word + Principle clause
Compound = two principal clauses
=added with FANBOYS (for/and/nor/but/or/otherwise/yet/so)
Transformation
Complex to Simple
Rule 1: If there is Since/As/When in complex sentences
Change is to be made in the subordinate clause .
When subjects are same
Simple: 1) Omit since/as/when.
2) (Verb+ing) of the subordinate clause.
3) then write the rest part.
4) use subject with the principal clause.
5) Principal clause remains unchanged.
Ex: Since the boy worked hard, he made a good result.
Simple: Working hard, the boy made a good result.
Rule-2
In case of Be verb in subordinate clause:
1) Use being/ Because of + Pronoun/noun(possessive form)+ being.
Ex: Since he was weak, he could not work hard.
Simple: Because of his being weak, he could not work
hard.
Rule- 3
When the subject of clauses are different:
Simple:
1) Subject of subordinate clause
2) Verb+ing ( be verb → being; Have verb → having)
Ex: Since the weather was foul, we did not go out.
Sim: The weather being foul, we did not go out.
Rule-4
• ‘If’ is Replaced by –
• ‘by’ + (verb+ing)
Ex: If you work hard, you will succeed in life.
Simple: By working hard, you will succeed in life.
Rule-5
If-not/unless, is replaced by -
‘without’+( verb+ing)
Ex:
If you do not work hard, you will fail in the examination.
Sim: Without working hard, you will fail in the examination.
Rule-6
• ‘Though’ is replaced by -
- In spite of/despite+ Possessive form of the subject+ (verb+ing)
Ex:
Though he tried heart and soul, he could not succeed in life.
Sim: In spite of his trying heart and soul he could not succeed in life.
Rule-7
So that is replaced by-
to/in order to.
Ex:
He works hard so that he may prosper in life.
Sim: He works hard to/in order to prosper in life.
Rule-8
• ‘so + adjective + that’ is replaced by- ‘Too + adjective + to’
Ex:
• The boy is so foolish that he cannot understand it.
• Sim: The boy is too foolish to understand it.
Rule-9
When(if mentions time) is replaced by-
For short time – At
For month or Season – In
For age- at the age of.
Ex:
She woke up when it was midnight.
Simple: She woke up at midnight.
When it is spring, the cuckoo sings.
Sim: In Spring the cuckoo sings.
When Samira was four, she went to school.
Sim: At the age of four, Samira went to school.
Rule-10
• If the clause says about a continuous fact then use-
At the time of instead of ‘when’
Ex:
• When I was eating the phone rang.
Sim: At the time of my eating, the phone rang.
Rule -11
If Complex sentence is made with relative pronoun(who, what, which, that etc.),
omit it and make (verb+ing).
Com: The Doctor who is working in the hospital is known to all.
Sim: The doctor working in the hospital is known to all.
Note: If the verb is in the past participle it remains unchanged. Ex:
The picture which was drawn by Liza is very fine.
Sim: The picture drawn by Liza is very fine.
Transformation
Complex to Compound
Rule 1: If there is Since/As/When, change is to be made in the
subordinate clause .
1) Omit since /as /when
2) write down the rest part.
3) join clauses by using and/and so/and therefore
4) write the main clause unchanged.
Example:
Since the boy worked hard, he made a good result.
The boy worked hard and made a good result.
Rule-2
To change complex sentences with ‘if’
1) Omit if+subject
2) use ‘and’ to join two clauses.
Example:
If you work hard, you will succeed in life.
Compound: Work hard and you will succeed in life.
Rule-3
To change complex sentences with ‘If-not/unless’.
Use ‘or’/’otherwise’ to join two clauses.
Example:
If you do not work hard, you will fail in the examination.
Work hard or you will fail in the examination.
Rule- 4
• To change complex sentences with ‘though’
• Use ‘but’ to join two clauses in compound sentence.
Example-
• Though he tried heart and soul, he could not succeed in life.
• He tried heart and soul but he could not succeed in life.
Rule-5
• To change complex sentences with ‘so that’
• “and want/wants/wanted to” is used to join two clauses.
Example-
• He works hard so that he may prosper in life.
• Compound: He works hard and wants to prosper in life.
Rule-6
• To change complex sentences with ‘so + adjective + that’
• Use ‘and therefore’ to make it a compound sentence.
Example:
• The boy is so foolish that he cannot understand it.
Compound: He is foolish and therefore cannot understand it.
Sample Practice (IELTS Writing Task 1 - Academic)
Writing Report:
The bar chart below shows the expenditure of France and the UK in consumer goods in
2010.
Expenditure in Consumer Goods
500000
450000
400000
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
Cars Computers Books Perfume Camera
France UK
IELTS Bar Chart Sample Answer
The chart illustrates the amount of money spent on five consumer goods (cars, computers, books,
perfume and cameras) in France and the UK in 2010. Units are measured in pounds sterling.
Overall, the UK spent more money on consumer goods than France in the period given. Both the
British and the French spent most of their money on cars whereas the least amount of money was
spent on perfume in the UK compared to cameras in France. Furthermore, the most significant
difference in expenditure between the two countries was on cameras. In terms of cars, people in the
UK spent about £450,000 on this as opposed to the French at £400,000. Similarly, the British
expenditure was higher on books than the French (around £400,000 and £300,000 respectively). In
the UK, expenditure on cameras (just over £350,000) was over double that of France, which was
only £150,000. On the other hand, the amount of money paid out on the remaining goods was
higher in France. Above £350,000 was spent by the French on computers which was slightly more
than the British who spent exactly £350,000. Neither of the countries spent much on perfume which
accounted for £200,000 of expenditure in France but under £150,000 in the UK.
Thank you