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sleepyheadbg
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Blood circulation (70 mcq questions) 1. Which of the following best describes the structural adaptation of arteries to handle high-pressure blood? a) Thin walls with extensive valves b) Thick tunica media with elastic fibers c) Large lumen with low-pressure capacity d) Only a single layer of squamous endothelium 2. In the human heart, the mitral valve prevents backflow from: a) Left atrium to pulmonary vein b) Right ventricle to right atrium c) Left ventricle to left atrium d) Aorta to left ventricle 3. During the cardiac cycle, "Isovolumetric Contraction" is characterized by: a) Closed AV valves and closed semilunar valves b) Open AV valves and closed semilunar valves c) Closed AV valves and open semilunar valves d) Open AV valves and open semilunar valves 4. Which of the following indicates the correct pathway of blood flow through the heart? a) Right atrium — Right ventricle > Aorta > Tissues b) Left atrium — Left ventricle > Pulmonary artery > Lungs c) Right atrium — Right ventricle > Pulmonary artery > Lungs d) Left atrium — Right ventricle > Aorta > Tissues 5. The "lub" sound, the first heart sound, is produced when: a) Semilunar valves close b) Atrioventricular valves close c) Blood rushes into the aorta d) The AV node sends an impulse 6. The function of the Hepatic Portal System is to: a) Transport blood from the liver to the heart b) Transport blood from the alimentary canal to the liver c) Deliver oxygenated blood to the intestines d) Collect lymph from the hepatic tissues 7. Ina fetus, the opening connecting the two atria is called the: a) Foramen ovale b) Ductus arteriosus c) Fossa ovalis d) Ligamentum arteriosum 8. Which of the following is responsible for initiating the cardiac impulse? a) Purkinje fibers b) AV Node c) SA Node d) Bundle of His 9. What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart? a) Decreases heart rate and increases force of contraction b) Increases heart rate and decreases force of contraction c) Decreases heart rate and decreases force of contraction d) Increases heart rate and increases force of contraction 10. Which statement is FALSE regarding cardiac output? a) It is the product of heart rate and stroke volume b) It is lower in trained athletes at rest c) It represents the blood volume pumped by one ventricle per minute d) Its average value is about 5 L/min 11. The "Dub" sound (second heart sound) is caused by: a) Closing of AV valves b) Opening of semilunar valves c) Closing of semilunar valves d) Opening of AV valves 12. The coronary sinus brings deoxygenated blood from the: a) Lungs b) Heart walls c) Liver d) Kidneys 13. In the Electrocardiogram (ECG), the T- wave represents: a) Atrial depolarization b) Ventricular depolarization c) Ventricular repolarization d) Atrial repolarization 14. What would happen if the Purkinje fibers are damaged? a) Atrial contraction would stop b) Ventricular contraction would be delayed or impaired c) The SA node would stop functioning d) Blood would flow backward into the veins 15. If the chordae tendineae are ruptured, which of the following is most likely to occur? a) The heart rate will decrease b) The mitral valve will prolapse into the left atrium c) The pulmonary valve will not open d) The SA node will fail 16. Which statement regarding blood pressure is accurate? a) Diastolic pressure is the maximum pressure during ventricular contraction b) Systolic pressure is the minimum pressure during ventricular relaxation c) Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures d) A normal reading is 140/90 mmHg 17. Why is the left ventricular wall thicker than the right? a) It pumps blood against higher resistance (systemic circulation) b) It receives blood directly from the lungs c) It holds a larger volume of blood d) It contains more oxygen 18. Which ion is essential for the contraction of cardiac muscle? a) Na+ b) K+ c) Ca2+ d) Cl- 19. What is the role of the AV node in the heart? a) Initiates the electrical signal b) Speeds up the signal to the ventricles c) Delays the signal to ensure proper atrial emptying d) Connects the right and left ventricles 20. The "bundle of His" is located in the: a) Atrial septum b) Ventricular septum c) Wall of the right atrium d) Apex of the heart 21. Blood group AB is considered a universal recipient because: a) The RBCs have both A and B antigens, and the plasma has no anti-A or anti-B antibodies b) The RBCs have no antigens c) The plasma has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies d) It is the rarest blood group 22. An Rh-negative person who receives Rh- positive blood for the first time will: a) Have an immediate severe reaction b) Develop anti-Rh antibodies c) Die immediately d) Have no reaction ever 23. Which of the following is a symptom of erythroblastosis fetalis? a) High hemoglobin levels in the fetus b) Anemia and jaundice in the newborn c) Blood clotting in the mother d) Increased white blood cells in the father 24. Which of the following is a non-granular leukocyte? a) Neutrophil b) Eosinophil c) Basophil d) Monocyte 25. Platelets are also known as: a) Erythrocytes b) Leukocytes c) Thrombocytes d) Lymphocytes 26. Which of the following plasma proteins is essential for blood coagulation? a) Albumin b) Globulin c) Fibrinogen d) Prothrombin 27. What is the role of calcium ions in blood clotting? a) They activate prothrombinase b) They destroy platelets c) They prevent clot formation d) They convert fibrinogen to fibrin directly 28. Serum differs from blood plasma in that it lacks: a) Albumin b) Clotting factors c) Antibodies d) Glucose 29. Which of the following is the most active phagocytic cell? a) Neutrophil b) Monocyte c) Lymphocyte d) Basophil 30. The life span of a human red blood cell is approximately: a) 10 days b) 30 days c) 120 days d) 1 year 31. Erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates RBC production, is secreted by: a) Bone marrow b) Liver c) Kidney d) Spleen 32. What causes the "S1" heart sound? a) Closure of the aortic valve b) Closure of the mitral valve c) Opening of the tricuspid valve d) Contraction of the atria 33. The pressure in the left ventricle during systole is about: a) 80mmHg b) 100mmHg c) 120 mmHg d) 140 mmHg 34. Which vessel brings back oxygenated blood from the lungs? a) Pulmonary artery b) Pulmonary vein c) Aorta d) Vena cava 35. In which part of the circulatory system is the velocity of blood flow the lowest? a) Aorta b) Arteries c) Veins d) Capillaries 36. The structural unit of the cardiovascular system that allows for exchange of materials is the: a) Artery b) Vein c) Capillary d) Arteriole 37. Which of the following is a characteristic of closed circulation? a) Blood directly bathes tissues b) Blood pressure is very low c) Blood flows through a network of vessels d) The heart is absent 38. The volume of blood in the human body is approximately: a) 2-3 liters b) 5-6 liters c) 8-9 liters d) 10-12 liters 39. Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by: a) Thickening of the heart muscle b) Plaque buildup in arteries c) Weakening of the veins d) Low blood pressure 40. Which of the following is not a risk factor for coronary heart disease? a) Smoking b) Regular exercise c) High fat diet d) High blood pressure 41. The instrument used to measure blood pressure is: a) Barometer b) Sphygmomanometer c) Stethoscope d) Electrocardiograph 42. Which of the following is the largest artery in the body? a) Pulmonary artery b) Aorta c) Carotid artery d) Renal artery 43. The "pacemaker" of the heart is located in the: a) Right atrium b) Left atrium c) Right ventricle d) Left ventricle 44. The cardiac cycle time for a heart rate of 72 beats per minute is: a) 0.5 sec b) 0.8 sec c) 1.0 sec d) 1.2 sec 45. Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system? a) Transporting oxygen b) Draining excess interstitial fluid c) Producing red blood cells d) Pumping blood to the lungs 46. The structural, one-way valves that prevent the backflow of blood are found in: a) Arteries b) Veins c) Capillaries d) Arterioles 47. The "first" heart sound is longer and lower in pitch compared to the "second" heart sound. a) True b) False 48. What is the effect of Vagus nerve stimulation on the heart? a) It increases heart rate b) It decreases heart rate c) It increases force of contraction d) It has no effect 49. Which of the following is not a component of plasma? a) Fibrinogen b) Albumin c) Platelets d) Globulin 50. What is the main function of leukocytes? a) Oxygen transport b) Nutrient transport c) Immune defense d) Blood clotting 51. Which blood group is known as the universal donor? a) AB+ b) AB- c) O+ d) O- 52. What causes the yellow color of plasma? a) Hemoglobin b) Bilirubin c) Iron d) Platelets 53. Which of the following constitutes the "formed elements" of blood? a) Plasma and serum b) RBCs, WBCs, and platelets c) Fibrin and prothrombin d) Water and ions 54. The process of white blood cells passing through capillary walls is called: a) Phagocytosis b) Diapedesis c) Hemolysis d) Chemotaxis 55. Which of the following is not a function of the blood? a) Temperature regulation b) Transport of waste c) Production of digestive enzymes d) Transport of hormones 56. The average blood pressure of a healthy human is: a) 100/60 mmHg b) 120/80 mmHg c) 140/90 mmHg d) 150/100 mmHg 57. What is the function of the tricuspid valve? a) Prevent backflow from left ventricle to left atrium b) Prevent backflow from right ventricle to right atrium c) Prevent backflow from aorta to left ventricle d) Prevent backflow from pulmonary artery to right ventricle 58. Which of the following is not a feature of the heart's conduction system? a) SA node b) AV node c) Purkinje fibers d) Chordae tendineae 59. The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute is called: a) Stroke volume b) Cardiac output c) Blood pressure d) Heart rate 60. The systemic circulation carries blood from the: a) Heart to the lungs b) Lungs to the heart c) Heart to the body tissues d) Body tissues to the lungs 61. What is the function of the pulmonary artery? a) Carries oxygenated blood to the lungs b) Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs c) Carries oxygenated blood to the body d) Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart 62. Which of the following is not a symptom of heart failure? a) Shortness of breath b) Swelling in legs c) Increased stamina d) Fatigue 63. The liquid part of the blood that remains after clotting is called: a) Plasma b) Serum c) Lymph d) Hemolymph 64. Which of the following is the correct order of the blood clotting process? a) Fibrinogen —> Fibrin > Prothrombin > Thrombin b) Prothrombin > Thrombin — Fibrinogen > Fibrin c) Fibrin > Fibrinogen > Thrombin > Prothrombin d) Thrombin > Prothrombin — Fibrin > Fibrinogen 65. Which of the following is a characteristic of white blood cells? a) They are smaller than red blood cells b) They contain hemoglobin c) They have a nucleus d) They are not involved in immune response 66. What is the role of the spleen in the circulatory system? a) It produces red blood cells b) It filters blood and removes old red blood cells c) It pumps blood d) It produces platelets 67. Which of the following is a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies? a) Neutrophil b) Lymphocyte c) Monocyte d) Eosinophil 68. What causes the opening and closing of heart valves? a) Electrical signals b) Pressure changes in the heart chambers c) Nerve impulses d) Muscle contraction 69. The left ventricle pumps blood into the: a) Pulmonary artery b) Pulmonary vein c) Aorta d) Vena cava 70. The "bundle of His" is also known as the: a) SA node b) AV node c) Atrioventricular bundle d) Purkinje fiber Answer Key: B Se Co oa SQ i) We © S wo fale 12. sh 14. flo’ 16. ee 18. 19% 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Sie 328 &) © @ &) &) a> @ @ ©& & & 35> &) @ @ 23> @ & b @ bd @ 33. 34. 35. 36. SHE 38. 39. AO. Al. 42. 43. 44. AS. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. SIIE BY. DSF 54. CO WUC) @) @) Ou a>) Wd) Co) Wu) Co) Ce) @) SW) OP ane 6h 2) ca ©) ca) ©) ca on ©) a) ca) on) © ©) Ber anonr Nn HON AAS I) LO) 1) 9) LO) KO}

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