Input is electrical power. Stator is input terminal.
Output is mechanical power. Rotor is output terminal.
Output speed is constant irrespective of the load and is equal to synchronous speed.
Output speed can be controlled precisely by controlling the frequency of the input electrical
frequency and the speed of the motor is given by
120𝑓𝑒
𝑛𝑚= 𝑛𝑠𝑦𝑛= rpm
𝑃
Torque-speed characteristic
If rotor is rotated in the same direction of
Stator is input terminal. 3 phase AC is
supplied which creates a rotating magnetic rotating magnetic field then the poles of
field stator magnetic field attracts the opposite
poles of the rotor. Rotor and stator is locked
Rotor is output terminal. It can be permanent in synchronism.
magnet or electromagnet.
Rotor then moves at the speed of stator
magnetic field or synchronous speed
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But if there is no initial rotation of the rotor, the
motor does not start because of inertia of the rotor
So a damper winding is used which is a squirrel
cage. It starts the motor based on the same
principle of induction motor.
Once the motor reaches near-synchronous speed,
rotor coil is energized making it an
electromagnet.
Machine is now locked in synchronism and no
current flows in the damper winding
Torque-speed characteristic
Initially operating on leading PF
As 𝐼𝐹 is unchanged 𝐸𝐴 is unchanged
𝑉𝜑 is unchanged As 𝐸𝐴 and 𝑉𝜑 is constant, as P increases sin∂ or ∂ must increase
Therefore 𝐼𝐴 is increases and becomes more lagging
𝐼𝐿
∆ connected 𝐼𝐴 =
3
𝜃 = (cos−1 0.8)
The angle of current is positive because leading pf
Now we don‘t know
the new pf so
calculate ∂
𝐸𝐴 and 𝑉𝜑 is constant
∆ connected 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝐴 ∗ √3
𝑝𝑓 = cos 𝜃
Initially operating on lagging PF
As 𝐼𝐹 changes 𝐸𝐴 changes
𝑃 ∝ 𝐼𝐴 cos 𝜃 ∝ 𝐸𝐴 sin 𝜕 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝜑 is unchanged
𝐼𝐴 becomes more leading
Consumes Q
Under excited
Supplies Q
over excited
Now we don‘t know the
new pf so calculate ∂
𝑃 ∝ 𝐸𝐴 sin 𝜕 is constant
For lagging pf 𝜃 is positive
For leading pf 𝜃 is negative
Synchronous motor can be used to correct a pf of a system
To calculate transmission line current use From trigonometry
𝑄 = 𝑃 ∗ tan 𝜃
𝑄
𝜃 = tan−1
𝑃
We need to calculate the pf of the total system first
We need to calculate the pf of the total system first
𝑄
Pf=cos 𝜃 and 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑃
For lagging pf 𝜃 is positive
For leading pf 𝜃 is negative
Synchronous motors are not self starting