WE XL CLASSES Page 1 of 1
NEET • JEE • All Boards | Est. 2007, Rishra, West Bengal
Fittig, Wurtz-Fittig & Ullmann Reactions | Electrophilic Substitution in Haloarenes Class: XII Time: 45 min Max Marks: 60
ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS Q12. Correct Answer: (B) o- and p-dichlorobenzene
Explanation: Cl is o-,p-directing, so electrophilic chlorination of
Q1. Correct Answer: (A) Na / dry ether chlorobenzene mainly yields a mixture of ortho- and
para-dichlorobenzene, with para predominating due to less
Explanation: Wurtz-Fittig reaction uses sodium metal in dry
steric hindrance.
ether to couple an alkyl halide with an aryl halide, forming an
S
alkylbenzene. Q13. Correct Answer: (B) steric hindrance disfavours
ortho substitution
E
Q2. Correct Answer: (B) aryl halide using Na/dry ether
Explanation: Both ortho and para positions are activated by
Explanation: Fittig reaction is the coupling of two aryl halide
S
resonance, but steric hindrance from the bulky -Cl group
molecules with sodium metal in dry ether to give a diaryl
S
reduces ortho attack, so the para isomer predominates.
(biphenyl-type) product.
S E
Q3. Correct Answer: (B) Biphenyl
A
Explanation: 2 C6H5Br + 2Na → C6H5-C6H5 (biphenyl) +
Q14. Correct Answer: (B) NO2+
Explanation: Conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4 generate the
L
2NaBr.
S S S
nitronium ion, NO2+, which is the actual electrophile attacking
the ring.
C A SE
Q4. Correct Answer: (B) Toluene
Q15. Correct Answer: (C) Arenium ion (sigma complex)
Explanation: C6H5Br + CH3Br + 2Na → C6H5-CH3 (toluene) +
Explanation: The electrophile adds to the ring to form a
2NaBr.
L L S
resonance-stabilised arenium ion (sigma complex), which then
S
Q5. Correct Answer: (B) aryl halide using Cu powder, loses a proton to restore aromaticity.
X C A SE
heat
Explanation: Ullmann reaction couples two molecules of aryl
E XL L S
halide using copper powder on heating to form a biaryl
S
compound.
W E C A SE
Q6. Correct Answer: (C) Copper
Explanation: Ullmann reaction specifically requires activated
X L C L
copper powder, distinguishing it from the Fittig reaction (Na).
S
Q7. Correct Answer: (C) Ullmann reaction
W E A
Explanation: 2 C6H5I + Cu, ∆ → C6H5-C6H5 + CuI2; this is the
Ullmann reaction, typically run with aryl iodides.
L L
Q8. Correct Answer: (B) Fittig uses Na, Ullmann uses
W EX LC
Cu
Explanation: Fittig reaction employs sodium metal in dry ether,
while Ullmann reaction employs copper powder with heating;
both give biaryl products from aryl halides.
W EX
Q9. Correct Answer: (B) provide an inert, moisture-free
medium for the reaction
Explanation: Dry ether provides a moisture-free, inert solvent;
if moisture were present, sodium would react with water
W
instead of the halides.
Q10. Correct Answer: (B) resonance stabilisation of
C-Cl bond making it stronger and shorter
Explanation: Delocalisation of the chlorine lone pair into the
ring gives partial double-bond character to the C-Cl bond,
making it shorter, stronger, and resistant to nucleophilic
substitution.
Q11. Correct Answer: (B) ortho-para directing and
deactivating
Explanation: Halogens are o-,p-directing due to resonance
(lone pair donation) but deactivating overall due to their strong
-I effect, which dominates over the +R effect.
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