Hydropower Engineering Tutorial
Chapter 5
1. Draw the general arrangement of component of a typical RoR plant.
2. Write down the General requirement of Headwork.
3. What are the indicator of good quality of Headwork?
4. Explain with example, types of intake with their suitability.
5. Draw a neat sketch of side intake with all components. How do you calculate hydraulic
loss at trash rack?
6. Explain with sketches, control of bed load and floating debris in RoR intakes.
7. Differentiate between pressurized and non-pressurized intakes in RoR system.
8. What are the main purpose of settling basin? Explain design principle and design criteria
of settling basin design.
9. What do you mean by sediment flushing in settling basin? Explain intermittent and
continuous flushing system and its advantages.
10. Find out the dimension of a settling basin with turbulent flow for a high-head hydropower
plant, which utilizes a discharge of 60 m3/sec. the sediment particles coarser than 0.15 mm
(w=1.5cm/sec) have to be trapped in the basin. Draw plan and sections (cross and
longitudinal) showing major components and flushing arrangement. If you have allocated
about 10% volume for sediment storage and overall trapping efficiency of settling basin in
40%, find out the frequency of flushing of settling basin when the sediment concentration
is 2000 ppm.
11. Design a de-silting basin with continuous flushing for a design discharge of 23.5 m3/sec in
the power canal of rectangular section with flow depth and width of 4.2m and 3.5m
respectively. Turbidity of river flow is 8.5 gm/lit. Sediment particle size to be settled in the
basin is more than equal to 0.2mm for ambient temperature of 250C. Flow velocity and
mean depth of flow in the basin are assumed to be 0.22 m/sec and 4.5m respectively. Take
a near values of bed slope in the transition part and basin is with 1:10 and 1:50 respectively.
12. Design side intake with coarse trash rack for a project in which river bed level is 315.0 m,
weir crest level is fixed to 317.5 m. Form hydrological analysis and in for proposed
headwork design condition (for given undersluice bed level and opening, weir length and
height), the highest flood level in 100 year return period is 320.83 m. The canal water level
is fixed as 317.3 m. The turbine discharge of the project is [Link] No) m3/sec. eg.
4.1,4.2,4.3… … … [Link] no. assume suitable data if necessary.
Reference Books:
• Fundamental of Hydropower engineering By Sanjeeb Bral
• Water power engineering by Dandekar and sharma.
• High head power plant by Emil Mosonyi
• Hydraulic Structure by P. Novak
• NTNU book series
Nirajan Devkota
Asst. Prof. Thapathali Campus, Institute of Engineering
Hydropower Engineering Tutorial
Chapter 6
13. Explain the importance of tunnel lining.
14. Discuss with sketch, type of tunnel supports and their necessity.
15. What do you mean by hydraulic design of tunnel? Explain the selection criteria of tunnel
alignment.
16. Discuss various tunneling methods used in hydropower projects what is the purpose of
shotcreting? Discuss the procedure.
17. Describe advantages and disadvantages of different tunnel shapes based on geometry with
neat sketches.
18. The design discharge through the tunnel of a hydropower project is ([Link] No) m3/sec is
conveyed by three number of penstock to the turbine of 2m diameter each. Take the length
of tunnel is 7 km, diameter of tunnel is 10m, friction factor of tunnel is 0.016, friction factor
of penstock is 0.04 and velocity of wave in penstock=1800m/sec. If the surge tank of 30m
diameter has been provided at the end of the tunnel, find the following
a. Maximum up-surge c. Water hammer pressure
b. Maximum down- surge d. Time of oscillation of wave.
19. A power canal bed width 15m, may be assumed to be rectangular in shape with a steady
state depth of flow of 3m. The canal supplies water to a power house with three turbines,
each turbine rated at a discharge of 30 m3/sec. if the load in the power house is suddenly
thrown off so that two of the turbine have to be shut down, what would be the height of the
surge in the canal?
20. Write down the function and behavior of surge tank.
21. Explain with sketch different types of surge tanks. And selection criteria of surge tank.
𝐿 𝑥𝐴𝑠𝑡
22. Prove that the time period of oscillation 𝑇 = 2𝜋√ 𝑔 𝑥 𝐴𝑡
23. In a pumped – storage hydropower project, water is delivered from the upper impounding
reservoir through a low pressure tunnel and four high – pressure penstocks to the four
pumped – turbine units. The elevation of the impounding reservoir water level is 500 m
and the elevation of downstream reservoir water level is 200m the maximum reservoir
storage which can be utilized continuously for period of 48 hrs is 15 × 106 m3. The low
pressure tunnel is constructed as follows.
Length =4km, diameter = 8m and the friction factor = 0.028. The high pressure
penstock are constructed as follows:
Length of each penstock = 500m, diameter = 2m friction factor =0.016.
• Determine the maximum power output from the installation.
• If a simple surge chamber 6m in diameter is provided at the end of low
pressure tunnel estimate
o Maximum upsurge and down surge in the surge chamber for sudden
rejection of one unit.
o Maximum down surge for sudden demand of one unit.
24. Write down the requirement and function of forebay.
25. With sketches, explain design criteria of forebay.
Nirajan Devkota
Asst. Prof. Thapathali Campus, Institute of Engineering
Hydropower Engineering Tutorial
26. Design a forebay using following data:
Turbine discharge=20m3/sec
Storage requirement= 4min
Length of penstock= 500m
Diameter of penstock=2m
No of penstock=2
Limiting velocity= 0.2 m/sec
27. Explain with mathematical expression analytical and graphical method of penstock
optimization.
28. A penstock having diameter 3.8 m supply water from head of 100 m, there is a possibility
of the 30% increase in the pressure head due to the transient condition of the flow. If the
efficiency of the joint and design stress is 85% and 1250 kgf/cm2 respectively. Find the
thickness of penstock.
29. A penstock carries 10 m3/sec of water of head of 25 m. the cost of pipe is given by 35hd2
rupees/m. where h = head and d= diameter of penstock. An annual fixed charge is 8% of
the pipe line cost. The head loss in friction is 0.025Q2/12.1d5 m/m of length of pipe.
Efficiency is 80% and setting price is 70 rupees/KW annual. Calculate the most economical
diameter.
30. A penstock of discharge capacity of 5 m3/sec is to be functioned in hydropower station
with a design head of 50m. Determine the economic diameter of the penstock. Take overall
efficiency of the plant is 85%.
Reference Books:
• Fundamental of Hydropower engineering By Sanjeeb Bral
• Water power engineering by Dandekar and sharma.
• High head power plant by Emil Mosonyi
• Hydraulic Structure by P. Novak
• NTNU book series
Nirajan Devkota
Asst. Prof. Thapathali Campus, Institute of Engineering