Hydropower Engineering tutorial III
1. Write down the requirement and function of forebay.
2. With sketches, explain design criteria of forebay.
3. Design a forebay using following data:
Turbine discharge=20m3/sec
Storage requirement= 4min
Length of penstock= 500m
Diameter of penstock=2m
No of penstock=2
Limiting velocity= 0.2 m/sec
4. Explain with mathematical expression analytical and graphical method of penstock
optimization.
5. A penstock having diameter 1.8 m supply water from head of 150m, there is a possibility
of the 30% increase in the pressure head due to the transient condition of the flow. If the
efficiency of the joint and design stress is 40% and 1250kgf/cm2 respectively. Find the
thickness of penstock. [t=1.65cm]
6. A penstock carries 8 m /sec of water of head of 25 m. the cost of pipe is given by 35hd2
3
rupees/m. where h = head and d= diameter of penstock. An annual fixed charge is 8% of
the pipe line cost. The head loss in friction is 0.025Q2/12.1d5 m/m of length of pipe.
Efficiency is 80% and setting price is 70 rupees/KW annual. Calculate the most economical
diameter. [1.54m]
3
7. A penstock of discharge capacity of 5 m /sec is to be functioned in hydropower station
with a design head of 50m. Determine the economic diameter of the penstock. Take overall
efficiency of the plant is 85%. [1.46m]
8. Differentiate between the reaction and impulse turbine.
9. Classify the type of turbine.
10. What is advantages of pelton turbine over francis turbine?
N× P
11. What is specific speed of turbine? Derive Ns = H5/4 .
12. The quantity of water available for a hydroelectric station is 275 m3/sec under the head of
18m. Assuming the speed of the turbine N to be 150 rpm and their efficiency to be 82%.
Determine the least number of machines, all of the same sixe, that will be need if
a. Francis turbine whose Ns must not exceed 395 [6nos]
b. Kaplan turbine whose Ns must not exceed 690 are chosen. [2nos]
What would be the individual output of the units in two cases? [384.24rpm, 665.5rpm]
13. A pelton wheel has to develop 500 KW under a net head of 300m, while running at a speed
of 500 rpm. If the coefficient of velocity for the jet =0.97, speed ratio = 0.46 and the ratio
of te jet diameter is 1/10th of wheel diameter. Calculate:
a. Quantity of water supplied to the wheel c. Diameter of jets and
b. Diameter of pitch circle d. No of jets
Take overall efficiency of wheel as 80%.
14. Middle Marsyangdi HEP has net head of 98m and design discharge 80 m3/sec having
efficiency of 90%. there is used 2 no of francis turbine. Determine the diameter and specific
By ND sir
Hydropower Engineering tutorial III
speed of each turbine. Determine also the elevation of turbine with reference to the water
surface in tailrace.
15. Chilime HEP (assumed) has proposed to be design with 4 units of vertical shaft pelton
turbines to be coupled with 7000 KVA, 3 phase ,50 Hz generators. The generators are
provided with 10 pairs of pole. The gross design head is 505 m and the transmission
efficiency of head race tunnel and penstock together is to be 94%. The four units
together will provide for a power of 348000 Hp at a guaranteed efficiency of 91%. The
nozzle efficiency is 0.98. find :
a. Jet diameter and number of diameter.
b. The nozzle tip diameter
c. The pitch circle diameter of the wheel
d. The specific speed and
e. Number of buckets on the wheel.
16. The following data refer to a proposed hydroelectric power plant: turbines:- total power to
be produced 30MW, normal operating speed 150 rpm, net head available 16m; draft tube:-
maximum kinetic energy at exit of draft tube 1.5% of H, efficiency of draft tube 85%,
vapour pressure 3m of water, atmospheric pressure 10.3 m of water.
a. What size, type, and number of units would you select for the proposed plant?
b. Starting from first principles, determine the turbine setting relative to the tailrace
water level.
17. Define draft tube with its functions? Derive its mathematical expression of draft tube and
efficiency of draft tube.
18. Write short notes on:
a. Cavitation
b. Governor and its mechanism for pelton and francis turbine.
c. Performance characteristics of turbine.
d. Setting of turbine with mathematical expression.
19. Draw plan and sections of a power house showing carious components. Assume a francis
turbine is used in this powerhouse to generate the electricity of 10MW.
20. Draw plan and section of power house for Question no 15.
21. Explain with sketches types of power house and their suitability considering the field
conditions.
22. Explain the general arrangements for a power house. How would you fix the approximate
dimension of a power house?
23. Why vertical shaft arrangement is preferred while laying turbine and generators in a power
house? Explain briefly.
By ND sir