March revision

Q1:Write what the following statements indicate:

1. A location on Earth where water is stored, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers
and soil. Reservoir
2. Transformation of water vapor into liquid as a result of decrease in
temperature. Condensation
3. The movement that occurs when warm, less dense air rises and cold, denser air
sinks. Convection
4. The science of studying and predicting weather. Meteorology
5. The force exerted by air on the surrounding environment, or weight of a
column of air above an area. Atmospheric pressure
6. A severe shortage of available water in a place. Drought
7. Strong winds carrying sand and dust from a very dry area. Sandstorm
8. The rise of water level above a riverbank and subsequent flooding of
surrounding lands. Flood
9. A scientist who uses a variety of instruments to study [Link]
10. The state of the weather over a long period of time. Climate
11. The sudden flooding of land. Flash flood
12. The phenomenon that occurs when winds pass through mountain ranges.
Rain shadow effect
13. A device that records wind speed. Anemometer
14. A device that determines the magnitude and speed of rainfall tracks,
thunderstorms and tornadoes. Weather radar
15. A device that records rainfall amount. Rain gauge
Q2: Complete the following statements:
1-The lake’s water level drops as a result of evaporation.
2-The main source affecting the water cycle is the Sun.
3-Among the environmental challenges facing flamingos are drought and climate
change.
4-The sun’s energy is distributed to more warm places and more cool places.
5-The sand loses the heat faster than water .

6-Humid air contains a large amount of water vapor.

7-When gas or liquid is heated, its density decreases.
8-The hot air rises upwards.
9-The two main factors of the water cycle are gravity and solar energy.

10-Areas near the equator have a hot climate.

11-The sun is considered the main driver of wind on the Earth.
12-Wind direction is determined by two factors: amount of solar radiation and
Earth’s rotation.
13-As the light intensity increases the transpiration rate increases
14-The Condensation process is accompanied by a release or loss of energy.
15-Meteorologists use a weather radar instrument to track thunderstorms and
hurricanes..
16-The air pressure on the top of the mountain is lower than its pressure at its
bottom .
17- Evaporation Causes shallow river to dry up .
Q3:Explain the meaning:
1. Transpiration
A type of evaporation that occurs in the stomata of plant leaves, releasing water
vapor into the air.
2. Condensation
The process in which water vapor changes into liquid when temperature
decreases.
3. Evaporation
The change of liquid water into water vapor by heat.
4. Convection
Movement of warm air upward and cold air downward.
5. Atmospheric pressure
The force exerted by air on the surrounding environment, or weight of a column
of air above an area.
6. Barometer
Instrument that measures air pressure.
7. Humidity
Amount of water vapor in the air.
8. Meteorology
Science of studying and predicting weather.
9. Anemometer
Instrument that measures wind speed.
10. Weather Radar
Device used to track rainfall, storms, and hurricanes.
11- Drought
A long period with little or no rainfall that causes water shortage.
12- Flood
The overflow of water that covers land which is usually dry.
13- Sandstorms
Strong winds that carry sand and dust in dry areas.
14-Rain gauge
It can record how much falls in a given area.
15- Convection current
It is circular motion of fluids resulting from density differences due to heating and
cooling.

Q4:Put ( √ ) or ( X ) next to the following statements:

1- Flamingos migrate to a salt lake in Turkey, but it suddenly dries up.( √ )
2- Flamingos feed on algae found in freshwater lakes. ( X )
3- Climate change affects the breeding grounds of flamingos. ( √ )
4- Energy from the sun is distributed in the same quantity and manner across the
Earth’s surface. ( X )
5- Cold air replaces hot air. ( √ )
6- The rate of transpiration from plant leaves decreases in the morning. ( X )
7- Water vapor gains energy during the condensation process. ( X )
8- The water cycle is the movement of water between different bodies of water. (
√)
9- Convection causes the movement of water through the water cycle in nature. (
√)
10- Hot air is denser than cold air. ( X )
11- Convection currents move vertically. ( √ )
12- Using solar panels is one way to improve agricultural methods.( √ )
13- The rain shadow occurs on the windward side. ( X )
14- Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases. ( √ )
15- Weather is the state of the atmosphere over a long period of time. ( X )
16- Clouds are made up of water vapor. ( X )
17- The properties of the atmosphere differ at the top of a mountain compared to
the foot of a mountain. ( √ )
18- Sand loses heat faster than water. ( √ )
19- Solar energy is distributed equally across the Earth’s surface. ( X )
20- Cold air is denser than hot air. ( √ )
21-Evaporation , melting and condensation are processes occur when water
particles gain thermal energy. ( X )
22- Floods occur as a result of severe, dry sandstorms. ( X )
23- Knowing the humidity and wind speed are elements of weather. ( √ )
24- Warm air becomes denser due to the expansion of its molecules. ( X )
Q5:Give reason for each of the following:
1- Water and ice crystals are returned to Earth by clouds.
Because they fall as precipitation such as rain, snow, or hail by the effect of
gravity.
2- Water seeps into the Earth’s interior.
Due to gravity, soil and rocks have spaces that allow water to pass through.
3- Flamingos migrate to warmer climates.
To find suitable temperature, food, and safe breeding places.
4- The water cycle is a continuous process.
Because water keeps moving through evaporation, condensation, and
precipitation.
5-About 10% 0f water vapor in air comes from the plant .
Because of the process of transpiration that happen in plant leaves as the plant
loses its excess water through stomata in the form of water vapor .
6- Hot air rises.
Because it is lighter (less dense) than cold air.
7- The amount of water in nature is constant.
Because water is recycled through the water cycle.
8- Water bodies are called reservoirs.
Because they store large amounts of water on Earth.
9- Evaporation and condensation are opposite processes.
Because evaporation changes liquid into gas by gaining heat, while condensation
changes gas into liquid by losing heat.
10- Snow forms on high mountain peaks.
Because the temperature there is very low so water freezes.
11- The atmospheric properties differ at the mountain’s summit compared to its
properties at the mountain’s base.
Because air pressure and temperature decrease as altitude increases.
12- The temperature in the desert is high during the day and low at night.
Because sand heats up and cools down quickly.
13-The climate in the area around the equator is hot.
Because the sun rays fall perpendicular which will be focused on a smaller area,
so their effect is greater, so we feel hotter.
Q6: Choose the correct answer:
1- A /An…………… is used to determine wind speed.
A- anemometer B- barometer C- radar D- thermometer
2- …………. Is the amount of water vapor present in the air.
A- Air density B- Atmospheric pressure C- Humidity D- Temperature
3- The density of air molecules increases at the ……… of a mountain.
A- summit B- top C- slope D- mid-point
4- One of the devices used to carry measuring instruments is the …
A- thermometer B- weather balloons C- rain gauge D- barometer
5- …………. affects weather and climate.
A- Mountain B- Soil type C- Bodies of water D- All of the previous
6- …………. can be described as very fast.
A- Air density B- Wind C- Humidity D- Temperature
7- The state of the atmosphere over a short period of time is …………
A- humidity B- weather C- climate D- clouds
8- A …………. can write a report on the weather.
A- firefighter B- meteorologist C- astronaut D- pilot
9- Sandstorms occur in …………. Regions.
A- polar B- coastal C- desert D- glacial
10- All of the following are damages caused by floods except …………
A- disruption of the economy B- damage to buildings
C- drowning of livestock D- moderation of the weather
11- Drought occurs as a result of ……………
A- moderation of temperature B- high temperature
C- low temperature D- a and c together
12- …………. is considered the first step in the process of weather forecasting and
understanding how it changes.
A- Data analysis B- Connection between things
C- Data collection D- Using maps
Q7: Answer the following questions:
1-How does the amount of energy emitted from the sun affect the rate of
transpiration in plant leaves?
When the amount of energy from the sun increases, the rate of transpiration
increases because more water evaporates from the leaves.
2-What are the stages of weather study?
(Gathering data, collecting data), analyzing the data, putting it all together
(making connections between data, and making weather forecasts).
3-What are the effects of drought, sandstorms and floods?
They cause damage to crops, loss of animals, destruction of buildings, and harm
to the environment and economy.
Q8: Compare the following:
1-Evaporation and condensation
Evaporation Condensation
It is the change of matter from It is the change of matter state
liquid state (water) into gas state from gas (water vapor) into liquid
(water vapor) by gaining thermal state (water) by losing thermal
energy. energy.

2-Precipitation and surface runoff

Precipitation Surface runoff
Water that falls from clouds to Water that flows over the land
Earth as rain, snow, or hail. into rivers, lakes, and seas.

3-Atmospheric pressure and humidity

Atmospheric pressure Humidity
The amount of force that air The amount of water vapor
exerts on its surroundings. present in the air.

4-Weather and climate

Weather Climate
The state of the atmosphere over The state of the atmosphere over
a short period of time. a long period of time.
Q9 : Critical thinking :
1-Look at the following figure then write the correct answers :

1-What are the challenges that face the farmers in the desert ?

dry desert soil fertile and fruitful also the very little rain as more water
evaporates than falls by precipitation.

2-How do the farmers face these challenges ?

Farmers grow crops that are able to withstand the heat and low-fertility soil. Also
they have found new ways to irrigate crops, including reusing water and
improving soil quality .

3-Energy can be generated in the desert through solar energy and wind .
2- Observe the picture then answer the following questions :
1-The rain shadow phenomena occurs in …………….. areas .
( coastal - mountainous )
2-The …………………… of a mountain can be cultivated .
(facing wind – rain shadow)
3-observe the table then complete and answer the following question:
Property Mountain top Mountain foot
Temperature Lower Higher
Atmospheric pressure Lower Higher
Air density Lower Higher
Amount of oxygen Lower Higher

Why do climbers get tired quickly when climbing to the top of a mountain ?
Due to the lower amount of oxygen , temperature .