Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Schools Division Office of Bayugan City
VICTORIANA PELING TAGBE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Name: _________________________________ Teacher: Jonathan F. Gabais
Subject: Practical Research 2 Date: __________________
Quantitative research uses scientifically collected and statistically analyzed data to investigate observable
phenomena. A phenomenon is any existing or observable fact or situation that we want to unearth further or
understand. It is scientific for the fact that it uses a scientific method in designing and collecting numerical data.
Once data is collected, it will undergo statistical analysis like Pearson’s r, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for
analysis. Since data is analyzed statistically, it is imperative that the data obtained must be numerical and
quantifiable, hence its name quantitative research.
Characteristics of Quantitative Research Quantitative research is commonly used in natural sciences research
problems because of the following characteristics:
1. Large Sample Size. To obtain more meaningful statistical result, the data must come from a large sample size.
2. Objectivity. Data gathering and analysis of results are done accurately, objectively, and are unaffected by the
researcher’s intuition and personal guesses.
3. Concise Visual Presentation. Data is numerical which makes presentation through graphs, charts, and tables
possible and with better conveyance and interpretation.
4. Faster Data Analysis. The use of a statistical tools gives way for a less time-consuming data analysis.
5. Generalized Data. Data taken from a sample can be applied to the population if sampling is done accordingly, i.e.,
sufficient size and random samples were taken.
6. Fast and Easy Data Collection. Depending on the type of data needed, collection can be quick and easy.
Quantitative research uses standardized research instruments that allow the researcher to collect data from a large
sample size efficiently. For instance, a single survey form can be administered simultaneously to collect various
measurable characteristics like age, gender, socio-economic status, etc.
7. Reliable Data. Data is taken and analyzed objectively from a sample as a representative of the population, making
it more credible and reliable for policymaking and decision making.
8. High Replicability. The Quantitative method can be repeated to verify findings enhancing its validity, free from
false or immature conclusions.
Advantages of Quantitative Research
1. Very objective
2. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to predict outcomes.
3. Findings are generalizable to the population.
4. There is conclusive establishment of cause and effect
5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical software.
6. Fast and easy data gathering
7. Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated.
8. Validity and reliability can be established
Kinds of Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is a broad spectrum that it can be classified into smaller and more specific kinds: descriptive,
correlational, ex post facto, quasi-experimental, and experimental.
Descriptive design is used to describe a particular phenomenon by observing it as it occurs in nature. There is no
experimental manipulation, and the researcher does not start with a hypothesis. The goal of descriptive research
is only to describe the person or object of the study. An example of descriptive research design is “the
determination of the different kinds of physical activities and how often high school students do it during the
quarantine period.” The correlational design identifies the relationship between variables. Data is collected by
observation since it does not consider the cause and effect, for example, the relationship between the amount of
physical activity done and student academic achievement.
Ex post facto design is used to investigate a possible relationship between previous events and present conditions.
The term “Ex post facto” which means after the fact, looks at the possible causes of an already occurring
phenomenon. Just like the first two, there is no experimental manipulation in this design. An example of this is
“How does the parent’s academic achievement affect the children obesity?”
A quasi-experimental design is used to establish the cause-and-effect relationship of variables. Although it
resembles the experimental design, the quasi-experimental has lesser validity due to the absence of random
selection and assignment of subjects. Here, the independent variable is identified but not manipulated. The
researcher does not modify pre-existing groups of subjects. The group exposed to treatment (experimental) is
compared to the group unexposed to treatment (control): example, the effects of unemployment on attitude
towards following safety protocol in ECQ declared areas.
Experimental design like quasi- experimental is used to establish the cause-and-effect relationship of two or
more variables. This design provides a more conclusive result because it uses random assignment of subjects and
experimental manipulations. For example, a comparison of the effects of various blended learning to the reading
comprehension of elementary pupils.
Directions: On the space provided, write TRUE if the statement describes quantitative research and FALSE if it
is incorrect.
________1. Quantitative data can be presented using tables and graphs.
________2. The results of quantitative research can be used to generalize and predict.
________3. Quantitative research is flexible so at any stage, the study may change.
________4. Quantitative data are more credible, reliable, and useful than qualitative data.
_______5. The research study cannot be replicated or repeated because it is unique in every case.
_______6. Data are in the form of numbers and analyzed statistically.
_______ 7. Data analysis is an on-going process. It can be done at any stage of the process.
_______ 8. The behavior of the participants is observed and is critical to the analysis of results.
_______9. Analysis of data is less time-consuming.
______ 10. In quantitative research, the researcher participates and engages the participants in the study
Direction: Write YES on the blank if the question requires for quantitative approach and NO if it does not.
__________1. Are high grades in Mathematics a good indicator for employment after graduation?
__________2. Will taking brain enhancers increase examination scores?
__________3. Are there changes in consumer behavior before and after online selling was popularized?
__________4. Do online learning materials enhance the computer skills of students?
__________5. Are there changes in the study habits of public-school students before and after the Covid-19
pandemic?
__________6. What kind of pick-up lines are most appealing to both genders at the early adult stage?
__________7. Is there a difference in the academic performance of students using online, blended and modular
learning modalities?
__________8. Will student’s and parent’s attitudes towards distance learning change over time?
__________9. Which of the four SHS tracks (Academic, Tech-Voc, Sports, Arts & Design) is greatly affected by the
Covid-19 pandemic?
__________10. What are the factors affecting the delayed completion and submission of assignments/tasks given to
students using modular learning modality?