Interview Questions
Recently Asked Questions and Answers
1. What is software?
Software is a set of instructions for the hardware.
2. What is Python and what are its applications?
Python is an object-oriented programming language that is easy to learn and simple to
implement.
Applications of Python
Python is a versatile language that has applications in almost every field
● Artificial intelligence (AI)
● Machine Learning (ML)
● Big Data
● Smart Devices/Internet of Things (IoT)
● Cyber Security
● Game Development
● Backend Development, etc.
3. What are the features of Python?
Features of Python:
● Easy to learn & code
● Open Source Programming Language
● Object-Oriented Language
● Dynamic Typed Language
● Large Standard Library
4. Is Python case-sensitive?
Yes, Python is case-sensitive. The username, UserName, and userName are
three different variables, and using these names interchangeably causes an error.
Code
username = "Rahul"
print(username)
print(userName)
Output
Rahul
NameError: name 'userName' is not defined
Q. Is Python a dynamically typed programming language?
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Yes, Python is a dynamically typed language. This means that in Python the type
checking of a variable is done only as code runs, and the type of a variable is allowed to
change over its lifetime. There is no need to declare the type of the variable
While programming languages like C, Java, C++, etc are statically typed languages
where we cannot change the data type of a variable during the execution of the
program.
Code
1.x = 6
[Link](type(x))
3.x = 'Rahul'
[Link](type(x))
Output
<class 'int'>
<class 'str'>
Question 4 of 4
Which code will give the output as
<class 'str'>?
x = 123
print(type(x))
x = '123'
print(type(x))
x = [123]
print(type(x))
x = 123.0
print(type(x))
6. What are the advantages of Python over Java?
Basis of Python Java
Comparison
Learning Compared to Python, it's difficult
Easy to learn
curve to learn
Typing Dynamically-typed Statically-typed
Syntax Easy to read and remember Difficult to read and remember
Applicati Artificial Intelligence, Data Science and Enterprise, Embedded and
ons Machine Learning applications Cross-platform applications
Code More lines of code compared to
Fewer lines of code compared to Java
Length Python
public class Simple {
public static void main(String
Example
print("Hello World") args[]){
Program
[Link]("Hello World");
}}
Q. What are the specifications, benefits of Python
compared to C.
Feature Python C
s
Python has a clean and
Syn
readable syntax, making it C has a more complex syntax compared to Python.
tax
easy for beginners to learn.
For
It uses indentation to define
mat It uses curly braces {} to define blocks of code.
blocks of code.
ting
Python is dynamically typed,
Typi meaning variable types can be C is statically typed, and variable types must be
ng changed over time, offering declared before use.
flexibility.
Me
mor
y Python has automatic memory
C requires manual memory management using
Ma management through a
functions like malloc() and free().
nag garbage collector.
em
ent
Exe Python is an interpreted
C is a compiled language, and the entire program is
cuti language, executing code line
compiled before execution.
on by line at runtime.
Perf
Python is generally slower
orm
than C due to its interpreted C is known for its high performance and efficiency.
anc
nature.
e
Co C has a well-established community, particularly in
Python has a large and active
mm systems programming and embedded systems, but it
community with extensive
unit may lack in modern web and application development
libraries and frameworks.
y libraries.
Question 3 of 3
What is a benefit of using Python over C?
Python has a more complex syntax compared to C.
C's low-level abstractions make it easier for beginners to learn.
Python provides a vast ecosystem of libraries and frameworks, enhancing
productivity.
None of the above
7. How to perform the arithmetic operations using Python?
Addition
The addition is denoted by
+ sign. It gives the sum of two numbers.
Code
print(2 + 5)
print(1 + 1.5)
Output
2.5
Subtraction
The subtraction is denoted by
- sign. It gives the difference between the two numbers.
Code
print(5 - 2)
Output
Multiplication
The multiplication is denoted by
* sign.
Code
print(2 * 5)
print(5 * 0.5)
Output
10
2.5
Division
The division is denoted by
/ sign.
Code
print(5 / 2)
print(4 / 2)
Output
2.5
2.0
Modulus
To find the remainder between two numbers, we use the Modulus operator
Code
print(6 % 3)
Output
Exponent
To calculate a power b, we use Exponent Operator
**
Code
print(2 ** 3)
Output
8. What is floor division?
To find integral part of quotient we use Floor Division Operator
//.
● a // b
Code
print(3 // 2)
Output
Q. What is the modulus operator and how does it work in
Python?
The modulus operator, also known as the modulus or remainder operator, is
represented by the percent sign (%) in Python. It is used to find the remainder of a
division operation.
Syntax:
Reminder = Dividend % Divisor
Where:
● dividend is the number being divided
● divisor is the number dividing the dividend
● result is the remainder of the division
More Information
Question 4 of 4
What will be the output after executing the following code:
number = 15
if number % 5 == 0:
print("Fizz")
else:
print("Buzz")
Fizz
Buzz
15
0
Q. What is the output of 1 % 4 and 2 % 4?
● The output for 1%4 is:
print(1 % 4) # Output: 1
● The output for 2%4 is:
print(2 % 4) # Output: 2
Question 3 of 3
What will be the output for the following code?
print(5%7)
1
3
9. What is Operator Precedence in Python?
The operator precedence determines which operator is executed first if there is more
than one operator in an expression.
The operator precedence in Python is listed in the following table. It is in descending
order (the upper group has higher precedence than the lower ones).
Operators Meaning
() Parentheses
** Exponent
Unary plus, Unary minus,
+x, -x, ~x
Bitwise NOT
Multiplication, Division, Floor
*, /, //, %
division, Modulus
+, - Addition, Subtraction
<<, >> Bitwise shift operators
& Bitwise AND
^ Bitwise XOR
| Bitwise OR
Comparisons, Identity,
==, !=, >, >=, <, <=, is, is not, in, not in
Membership operators
not Logical NOT
and Logical AND
or Logical OR
BODMAS
The standard order of evaluating an expression
● Brackets (B)
● Orders (O)
● Division (D)
● Multiplication (M)
● Addition (A)
● Subtraction (S)
Expression:
(5 * 2) + (3 * 4 + 4 / 2)
Step by Step Explanation
(5 * 2) + (3 * 4 + 4 / 2)
(10) + (3 * 4 + 2)
(10) + (12 + 2)
(10) + (14)
24
Code
print((5 * 2) + (3 * 4 + 4 / 2))
Output
24
10. What is a Variable?
Variables are like containers for storing values.
Assigning Value to Variable
The following is the syntax for assigning an integer value
10 to a variable age
age = 10
Here the equals to
= sign is called an Assignment Operator as it is used to assign values to variables.
Q. What are Data Types?
Rephrased Question: What are different data types in Python?
In programming languages, every value or data has an associated type to it known as
data type.
Some commonly used data types
Data Type Type
Text Type str
Numeric
int, float
Types
Sequence
list, tuple
Types
Mapping Type dict
Set Type set
Boolean Type bool
This data type determines how the value or data can be used in the program. For
example, mathematical operations can be done on Integer and Float types of data.
More Information
● Text Types: The Text Data Type holds sequence of characters.
● Numeric Types: The Numeric Data Type holds numeric values.
● Sequence Types: The Sequence Data Type holds collection of items.
● Mapping Type: The Mapping Data Type holds data in key-value pair form.
● Set Type: The Set Data Type hold collection of unique items.
● Boolean Type: The Boolean Data Types holds either
True or False.
Question 4 of 4
What is the data type used to represent a collection of elements with no duplicate
values in Python?
list
tuple
set
dict
12. What are the numeric data types in Python?
The Numeric Data Types in Python are:
● Integers
● Float
● Complex Numbers
Code
a = 10
print("Type of a: ", type(a))
b = 10.0
print("Type of b: ", type(b))
c = 10 + 20j
print("Type of c: ", type(c))
Output
Type of a: <class 'int'>
Type of b: <class 'float'>
Type of c: <class 'complex'>
13. What is meant by mutability? Name some mutable
data types?
Mutable means capable of being changed. In Python, objects whose value can be
changed are said to be mutable.
Some of the mutable data types in Python are list, dictionary, set and user-defined
classes.
14. What is meant by immutability? Name some
immutable data types?
Immutable means capable of not being changed. In Python, objects whose value cannot
be changed are said to be immutable.
Some of the immutable data types in Python are tuple, integer, boolean, string, etc.
Question 2 of 2
Which of the following is an example of an immutable data type in Python?
List
Integer
Dictionary
Set
Q. What are the differences between the mutable and
immutable data types?
Rephrased Question: What is immutability and mutability?
Mutable and Immutable are terms primarily used to refer to whether an object can
be changed (modified) after it's created.
Immutable Data Types Mutable Data Types
Cannot be changed after creation Can be modified after creation
Can be used as dictionary keys Cannot be used as dictionary keys
Reduces potential bugs from unintended
More prone to bugs if not handled carefully
side effects
Examples: int, float, str, tuple Examples: list, dict, set
A shallow copy references the same objects in the
Creating a new instance doesn't affect the
original object; a deep copy creates an independent
original object
object.; deep copy creates an independent object
For some operations, immutable data types
Adding an element to a list or modifying a dict in-place
might require the creation of many
can be efficient
temporary objects, which can be inefficient
Question 5 of 5
What is the value of
my_str at the end of the code?
my_str = 'Hello'
my_str += ' World'
'Hello World'
'Hello'
' World'
'HelloWorld'
16. What is type conversion or type casting?
Converting the value of one data type to another data type is called Type
Conversion or Type Casting.
We can convert
● String to Integer
● Integer to Float
● Float to String and so on.
String to Integer
int() converts valid data of any type into integer
Code
a = "5"
a = int(a)
print(type(a))
print(a)
Output
<class 'int'>
Integer to String
str() converts data of any type into a string.
Code
a = input()
a = int(a)
b = input()
b = int(b)
result = a + b
print("Sum: " + str(result))
Input
Output
Sum: 5
Similarly,
● float() -> Converts to a float data type
● bool() -> Converts to a boolean data type
17. What is a String?
A String is a stream of characters enclosed within quotes.
Stream of Characters
● Capital Letters ( A – Z )
● Small Letters ( a – z )
● Digits ( 0 – 9 )
● Special Characters (~ ! @ # $ % ^ . ?,)
● Space
Some examples:
● "Hello, World!"
● "some@[Link]"
● "1234"
18. What is String Slicing?
Obtaining a part of a string is called String Slicing.
Syntax:
variable_name[start_index:end_index]
● end_index is not included in the slice.
Code
message = "Hi Ravi"
part = message[3:7]
print(part)
Output
Ravi
Slicing to End
If the end index is not specified, slicing stops at the end of the string.
Code
message = "Hi Ravi"
part = message[3:]
print(part)
Output
Ravi
Slicing from Start
If the start index is not specified, slicing starts from the index 0.
Code
message = "Hi Ravi"
part = message[:2]
print(part)
Output
Hi
Extended Slicing
Syntax:
variable[start_index:end_index:step]
Step determines the increment between each index for slicing.
Code
a = "Waterfall"
part = a[1:8:2]
print(part)
Output
aefl
19. How to reverse a string?
A string can be reversed using extended slicing.
Syntax:
variable[start:end:negative_step]
-1 for step will reverse the order of the characters.
Code
string_1 = "Program"
string_2 = string_1[::-1]
print(string_2)
Output
margorP
20. What is string capitalize() in Python?
The
capitalize() method converts the first character of a string to an uppercase letter and all
other alphabets to lowercase.
Code
sentence = "proGraMmiNg"
capitalized_string = [Link]()
print(capitalized_string)
Output
Programming
21. What is string replace() in Python?
The
replace() returns a new string after replacing all the occurrences of the old substring
with the new substring.
Syntax:
str_var.replace(old, new)
Code
sentence = "teh cat and teh dog"
sentence = [Link]("teh", "the")
print(sentence)
Output
the cat and the dog
22. What is round() function?
Rounds the float value to the given number of decimal digits.
Syntax:
round(number, digits(optional))
digits -> defines the number of decimal digits to be considered for rounding.
● When digits not specified, the default value is 0.
Code
a = round(3.14159, 2)
print(a)
a = round(5.6777)
print(a)
Output
3.14
23. How to write comments in Python?
A comment starts with a hash
It can be written in its own line next to a statement of code.
Code
n = 5
# Finding if Even
even = (n % 2 == 0)
print(even) # prints boolean value
Output
False
Q. What are Iterators in Python?
An iterator is a special object in Python that allows us to traverse through a collection of
items one at a time.
In Python, we implement two special methods known as iterators methods:
Method Description
__iter__() Called to initialize the iterator. It must return an iterator object.
Called to iterate over the iterator. It must return the next value in the data
__next__()
stream.
More Information
Python iterable and Python iterator are different. The main difference between them is,
iterable in Python cannot save the state of the iteration, whereas in iterators the state of
the current iteration gets saved.
Iterating over an iterator
tup = ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')
tup_iter = iter(tup)
print("Inside loop:")
for index, item in enumerate(tup_iter):pPYA4LJZ
print(item)
if index == 2:
break
Expand
Create an iterator named
tup_iter by calling the iter() function on the tup tuple. The code iterates over the tup_iter
iterator, printing each item in the tuple to the console. The loop breaks after the third
item is printed. The next() method is used to get the next element from the iterator
object.
Question 5 of 5
What is the purpose of the
__iter__() method in Python iterators?
It initializes the iterator.
It returns the next value in the data stream.
It creates the iterator object.
It defines the collection of items to be iterated.