Level 2 Standard Physics Basic Formula Notes
Quick revision formula sheet covering important physics formulas.
Motion and Mechanics
Velocity v = s/t
Acceleration a = (v-u)/t
Final velocity v = u+at
Equation of motion v² = u²+2as
Force F = ma
Momentum p = mv
Work Energy and Power
Work W = Fs cosθ
Power P = W/t
Kinetic Energy KE = 1/2 mv²
Potential Energy PE = mgh
Gravitation
Gravitational force F = GMm/r²
Weight W = mg
Pressure P = F/A
Density ρ = m/V
Heat and Thermodynamics
Heat Q = mc∆T
Thermal expansion ∆L = αL∆T
Efficiency = Output/Input × 100
Electricity
Current I = Q/t
Ohm's law V = IR
Resistance R = ρl/A
Power P = VI
Magnetism
Magnetic force F = BIL sinθ
Magnetic flux Φ = BA cosθ
Induced emf ε = -dΦ/dt
Optics
Refractive index n = c/v
Lens formula 1/f = 1/v - 1/u
Magnification m = v/u
Waves
Wave speed v = fλ
Frequency f = 1/T
Angular frequency ω = 2πf
Modern Physics
Photon energy E = hf
Mass energy relation E = mc²
de Broglie wavelength λ = h/p