PAPER NAME: Basic Electrical Engineering

PAPER CODE: ELE1001

GROUP – A

MCQ (Choose the Correct Alternative)

(i) What is the magneto-motive force (mmf) of a wire with 100 turns carrying 2 A current?
(a) 200 AT
(b) 2 AT
(c) 50 AT
(d) 100 AT

(ii) The magnetic energy stored in a coil is given by

1
(a) 𝐿𝐼 2
2
1
(b) 4 𝐿𝐼 3
(c) 𝐿𝐼 2
1
(d) 2 𝐼𝐿2

(iii) The MMF of magnetic circuit is analogous to ___________ in an electric circuit

(a) Current
(b) Voltage
(c) Resistance
(d) Power

(iv) Kirchoff’s current law is used for

(a) mesh analysis
(b) finding out equivalent current
(c) finding out equivalent resistance
(d) nodal analysis

(v) In Thevenin’s theorem, to find the Thevenin’s equivalent resistance:

(a) All independent current sources are short circuited and independent voltage sources are
open circuited.
(b) All independent voltage and current sources are open circuited.
(c) All independent voltage and current sources are short circuited.
(d) All independent voltage sources are short circuited and all independent current sources are
open circuited.

(vi) The superposition theorem is applicable to:

(a) current only.
(b) voltage and power.
(c) voltage and current.
(d) voltage, current and power.

(vii) An ideal voltage source should possess

(a) zero source resistance
(b) infinite source resistance
(c) large value of current
(d) small value of current

(viii) The number of equations required to solve network by mesh analysis is equal to number of
(a) nodes
(b) independent loops
(c) branches
(d) source
(ix) The reluctance of magnetic circuit is analogous to ___________ in an electric circuit
(a) Current
(b) Voltage
(c) Resistance
(d) Power

(x) An ideal current source should possess

(a) zero internal resistance
(b) infinite internal resistance
(c) large value of current
(d) small value of current

(i) The r.m.s. value of a sine wave is 50A. Its peak value is
(a) 150 A
(b) 282.8 A
(c) 70.7 A
(d) 141.4 A

(ii) In a pure inductive circuit

(a) The current is in phase with the voltage
(b) The current lags behind the voltage by 90°
(c) The current leads the voltage by 90°
(d) The current can lead or lag by 90°

(iii) Power factor of an A.C. circuit is equal to:

(a) R/XL
(b) R/XC
(c) R/Z
(d) R/(XL+XC)

(iv) Calculate the power factor of a circuit with parameters R = 3Ω and XL = 4Ω.
(a) 0.6
(b) 1
(c) 0.5
(d) 0.8

(v) Form factor of a pure sinusoidal waveform is

(a) 0.5
(b) 1.11
(c) 2.22
(d) 1.5

(vi) Unit of apparent power is

(a) Watt
(b) VA
(c) VAr
(d) Watt-hour

(vii) In a pure capacitive circuit

(a) The current is in phase with the voltage
(b) The current lags behind the voltage by 90°
(c) The current leads the voltage by 90°
(d) The current can lead or lag by 90°

(viii) In a pure resistive circuit

(a) The current is in phase with the voltage
(b) The current lags behind the voltage by 90°
(c) The current leads the voltage by 90°
(d) The current can lead or lag by 90°
(ix) The power factor in a series RLC circuit at resonance is
(a) 1
(b) 0, lagging
(c) 0.707, lagging
(d) 0, leading

(x) In a series RLC circuit, the phase difference between the current in the capacitor and the current
in the resistor is?
(a) 0°
(b) 90°
(c) 120°
(d) 180°

(i) A d.c series motor should always be started with load, because at no-load it
(a) will not develop high starting torque
(b) draws small current
(c) cannot start
(d) will rotate at dangerously high speed

(ii) If the reading of the two wattmeters is equal while measuring power in a 3 phase induction motor
then the power factor of the load will be?
(a) 0.8 leading
(b) 0.8 lagging
(c) zero
(d) unity

(iii) The number of parallel paths in a lap connected armature winding of a 4 pole dc machine is
(a) 6
(b) 8
(c) 4
(d) 2

(iv) If the reading of one of the two wattmeters is zero while measuring power in a 3 phase induction
motor then the power factor of the load will be?
(a) 1
(b) 0.5
(c) 0.8 leading
(d) 0.8 lagging

(v) In a three phase delta connected system, the relation between phase voltage (VP) and line voltage
(VL) is
(a) VP = VL
(b) VP = √3 VL
(c) VP = VL /√3
(d) None of the above

(vi) The number of parallel paths in wave connected armature winding of a 4 pole dc machine is
(a) number of poles
(b) half the number of poles
(c) two
(d) four

(vii) In dc series motor the field flux is:

(a) proportional to the armature current
(b) is nearly constant
(c) inversely proportional to the armature current
(d) proportional to the square of the armature current
(viii) The speed of a dc shunt motor can be increased by:
(a) increasing the resistance in armature circuit
(b) decreasing the resistance in armature circuit
(c) increasing the resistance in field circuit
(d) decreasing the resistance in field circuit

(ix) The number of parallel paths in a lap connected armature winding of a dc machine is
(a) 2
(b) equal to half of the number of poles
(c) equal to the number of poles
(d) equal to twice the number of poles

(x) The phase voltages in a balanced three phase system are separated by
(a) 0°
(b) 60°
(c) 90°
(d) 120°

(i) A transformer will have maximum efficiency at a load such that

(a) copper loss > iron loss
(b) cannot be determined
(c) copper loss = iron loss
(d) copper loss < iron loss

(ii) Hysteresis loss in a transformer can be reduced by using

(a) laminated core
(b) silicon steel
(c) oil
(d) solid steel

(iii) The rating of a transformer may be expressed in

(a) KW
(b) KVA
(c) Horse power
(d) KVAR

(iv) Eddy current loss in a transformer can be reduced by using

(a) laminated core
(b) silicon steel
(c) oil
(d) solid steel

(v) The rotor of an induction motor rotates at

(a) synchronous speed
(b) less than synchronous speed
(c) greater than synchronous speed
(d) slip speed

(vi) The rotating magnetic field produced by stator currents rotates at

(a) synchronous speed
(b) rotor speed
(c) slip speed
(d) a speed higher than synchronous speed.

(vii) A transformer steps up the voltage by a factor of 100. The ratio of current in the primary to that
in the secondary is:
(a) 1
(b) 100
(c) 0.01
 (d) 0.1

(viii) A 10 kW, 6 pole star connected 50 Hz induction motor has a full load slip of 5%. What is the
synchronous speed of the motor?
(a) 1200 rpm
(b) 1500 rpm
(c) 1000 rpm
(d) 3000 rpm

(ix) A single-phase transformer has a primary voltage of 200 V and a secondary voltage of 100 V. If
the primary winding has 400 turns, find the number of turns on the secondary winding:
(a) 100 turns
(b) 200 turns
(c) 300 turns
(d) 400 turns

(x) Open circuit test on transformer is performed to determine

(a) copper loss
(b) iron loss
(c) eddy current loss
(d) dielectric loss

FILL IN THEBLANKS
1. Unit of magnetic flux intensity is_________.
2. Superposition Theorem is applicable for_________ circuit.
3. Current in electrical circuit is analogous to _________ in a magnetic circuit.
4. Maximum power will be transferred when load resistance is equal to_________.
5. Power factor of purely inductive circuit is _______.
6. At resonance the current through a RLC series circuit will be __________.
7. For a parallel RLC circuit the current at resonance is ____________.
8. The peak factor of pure sinusoidal waveform is _________.
9. A shunt generator is running at 100 rpm and has a generated emf of 20V. If the speed increases to 120 rpm
the generated emf will be nearly __________ volt.
10. In a balanced three-phase system, the line currents are __________ degree apart from each other.
11. We should change the ___________________ connection for reversing the direction of rotation of a dc motor.
12. The expression of reactive power in a balanced three phase circuit is _________.
13. The loss which can be calculated from a short circuit test on a transformer is __________.
14. At standstill, the value of slip for a three phase induction motor is __________ .
15. Open circuit test on a transformer is usually performed on __________side.
16. The magnetic field produced in the stator of a three phase induction motor rotates at ______________ .
17. A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another
without any change of power and __________________.
18. The speed of a 3 phase, 4 pole induction motor operating at 3% slip is __________.
19. _______________is an example of a unilateral element.
20. The emf generated in a dc machine is ______________ proportional to the speed of the machine.
21. Form factor of pure sinusoidal waveform is ______________.
22. In RC circuit the supply current always ______________ the applied voltage.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

2. (a) State Thevenin’s theorem.

(b) Using Thevenin’s Theorem find current through 20Ω resistance of the circuit given in Fig. 2(b).
 Fig. 2(b)

(c) An iron ring is made up of three parts having l1 = 10 cm, A1 = 5 sqcm, l2 = 8 cm, A2 = 3 sqcm, l3 = 6
cm and A3 = 2.5 sqcm. It is wound with a coil of 250 turns. Calculate the current required to
produce a flux of 0.6 mWb in the ring. Consider, μr1 = 2670, μr2 = 1050, μr3 = 650, µ0= 4π × 10-7 H/m

3. (a) Find current through 10Ω resistance of the circuit given in Fig. 3(a) using mesh analysis.

Fig. 3(a)
(b) Define Self-inductance and Mutual inductance.
(c) When two identical coupled coils are connected in series the inductance of the combination is
found to be 80 mH. When the two connections are reversed a similar measurement indicates 20
mH. Find the coupling coefficient between the coils.

4. (a) Using Norton’s Theorem find current through 8Ω resistance of the circuit given in Fig. 4(a).

Fig. 4(a)
(b) Define unilateral and bilateral circuits.
(c) The mean length of the iron path of an electromagnet is 120 cm. Its cross sectional area is 16 sqcm.
It consists of an air gap of 1mm. It is excited by a coil with 500 turns. Determine the current
required to produce a flux of 1.5 mWb. The relative permeability of iron is 600.

5. (a) Find the current through 5Ω resistance in the circuit shown in Fig. 5(a) using Superposition
Theorem.

Fig. 5(a)

(b) State Norton’s theorem. Draw Norton’s equivalent circuit.

(c) The combined inductance of the two coils connected in series is 0.8 mH and 0.3 mH, depending
on the relative directions of currents in the coils. If one of the coils, when isolated, has a self-
inductance of 0.15 mH, then Calculate (i) mutual inductance (ii) coefficient of coupling.
6. (a) Determine the value of load resistance RL in Fig. 6(a)when maximum power will be transferred
through the load resistance and also find the amount of maximum power.

Fig. 6(a)

(b) Derive the expression of equivalent inductance of two inductors in series.

(c) A coil of 300 turns and carrying current of 2 A is wound uniformly over a steel ring of mean
circumference 30cm and cross-sectional area 10 sqcm. It is connected to a supply of 20 V d.c. If
the relative permeability of the ring is 1500. Find (i) reluctance, (ii) mmf and (iii) flux.

7. (a) Determine the equivalent resistance across AB terminals in Fig. 7(a) using star delta conversion.

Fig. 7(a)
(b) An iron ring of 20 cm mean diameter, and circular section of 1 cm in diameter has an air gap of 1
mm. It is wound uniformly with 600 turns of wire, carrying a current of 2.5 A. Neglect the magnetic
leakage. If the relative permeability (µr) of the iron is 300 and µ0= 4π × 10-7 H/m, then determine
(i) total reluctance (ii)the mmf and (iii) magnetic flux.
(c) State Fleming’s right hand rule.

8. (a) Find equivalent resistance across AB terminals in Fig. 8(a) using star- delta conversion.

Fig. 8(a)
(b) An iron ring of 30 cm mean diameter and circular section 2 cm in diameter has an air gap of 1 mm.
It is wound uniformly with 600 turns of wire, carrying a current of 2.5 A. Neglect the magnetic
leakage. If the relative permeability (µr) of the iron is 300 and µ0= 4π × 10-7 H/m, then determine
 (i) the reluctance of the iron part, (ii) total reluctance (iii)the magneto motive force, (iv) magnetic
flux.

9. (a) State and prove maximum power transfer theorem. Also state the value of efficiency at which
maximum power is transferred from source to load.
(b) An iron ring of 10 sqm cross section and 100 cm mean circumference has a 0.2 cm saw-cut made
in it. Calculate the current required in a magnetising coil having 1000 turns to produce flux of
1mWb in the air gap. Iron is such that when flux density is 1 Wb/m 2, the relative permeability
µr=400. Consider no leakage. µ0= 4π × 10-7 H/m.

10. (a) Find current through 1Ω resistance of the circuit given in Fig. 9(a) using nodal analysis.

Fig. 9(a)
(b) Explain B-H characteristics of magnetic material.
(c) An iron ring of mean length 25cm and cross sectional area 5sqcm has a winding of 150 turns. A
current of 2A flows in the winding to produce a flux of 0.3mWb. Determine (i) the magnetic field
intensity H and (ii) the relative permeability of the iron ring.

11. (a) Determine the rms value, average value, form factor and peak factor for the following waveform.

(b) The equation of an alternating current is 𝑖 = 65.35𝑠𝑖𝑛314.16𝑡 A. Determine its (a) frequency (b)
maximum value (c) rms value (d) average value (e) form factor
(c) Prove that the current through a pure capacitor leads the applied alternating voltage by 90˚.

12. (a) Determine the rms value, average value, form factor and peak factor for the following waveform.

(b) Prove that the average power consumption in a pure capacitor is zero when a.c. voltage is applied.
(c) An ac series circuit has R = 10Ω; L = 0.05H and C = 100µF and is connected across 250V, 50 Hz
sinusoidal supply. Determine impedance, current, power factor of the circuit, power consumed by
the circuit and maximum current of the circuit.

13. (a) Determine the rms value, average value, form factor and peak factor of a pure sinusoidal voltage
waveform.
(b) The equation of an alternating current is 𝑣 = 70.77𝑠𝑖𝑛500𝑡 V. Determine its (a) frequency (b)
maximum value (c) rms value (d) average value (e) form factor
(c) An ac series circuit has R = 40Ω; L = 0.45H and C = 300µF and is connected across 230V, 50 Hz
sinusoidal supply. Determine impedance, current, power factor of the circuit, power consumed by
the circuit and maximum current of the circuit.
14. (a) A coil draws a current of 5 A when connected to a 240 V, 50 Hz alternating power source and
consumes 200 W. Calculate the impedance, resistance, power factor and inductance of the coil.
(b) Derive the resonating frequency for the parallel circuit shown in the following figure with the help
of phasor diagram.

(c) Define RMS value and average value of an alternating quantity.

15. (a) A resistance of 25 Ω , inductance of 0.15 H and a capacitance of 80µF are connected in series across
a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. Determine:
(i) the impedance of the circuit
(ii) the current
(iii) power factor
(iv) power consumed by the circuit
(v) resonant frequency or the frequency at which maximum current flows
(vi) circuit current at resonance or the amount of maximum current
(vii) Draw the phasor diagram
(b) A two element series circuit consumes 700 W and has a p.f. of 0.707 leading. If the applied voltage
is 𝑣 = 141𝑠𝑖𝑛(314𝑡 + 30𝑜 ), determine the circuit constants.

16. (a) A choke coil is connected in series with a 25µF capacitor. With a constant supply voltage of 200V
the circuit takes its maximum current of 50A at 50Hz frequency. Calculate (i) the resistance and
inductance of the choke coil; (ii) the voltage across the capacitor.
(b) Draw and explain the phasor diagrams of series R-L and series R-C circuits.
(c) A 320 V, 50 Hz voltage applied to a coil of L = 0.5 H and R = 250 Ω in series with a capacitor C.
What value must C have in order that the total voltage across the coil shall be 250 V?

17. (a) Derive the expression of resonance frequency in a series RLC circuit. What is the power factor of
a series resonating circuit? Draw the phasor diagram of a series RLC circuit at resonance.
(b) Two coils having impedance of Z₁= (10+j5) Ω and Z₂= (8+j6) Ω are connected in parallel across a
voltage source of 200V. Evaluate (i) the current flowing through each coil, (ii) the total current,
(iii) the overall power factor and (iv) the total active power and reactive power.

18. (a) A resistance of 25 Ω , inductance of 0.45 H and a capacitance of 140µF are connected in series
across a 200 V, 50 Hz supply. Determine:
(i) the impedance of the circuit
(ii) the current
(iii) power factor
(iv) power consumed by the circuit.
(v) voltage across each element
(vi) resonant frequency or the frequency at which maximum current flows
(vii) circuit current at resonance or the amount of maximum current
(viii) Draw the phasor diagram
(b) A coil has an inductance of 40mH and a resistance of 15Ω. It is connected across a supply voltage
𝑣 = 100 𝑠𝑖𝑛 314𝑡. Obtain a similar expression for the supply current.
19. (a) When a resistor and a coil in series are connected to a 240 V alternating supply, a current of 5 A
flows lagging 60𝑜 behind the supply voltage, and the voltage across the coil is 220V. Find the
resistance of the resistor and resistance and reactance of the coil.
(b) A capacitor of 100 Ω reactance is connected in parallel with a coil of 70.71 Ω resistance and 70.71
Ω reactance to a 250 V ac supply. Determine branch currents, supply current, overall power factor
and total power consumed.
20. (a) Describe the three-phase power measurement with the help of two Wattmeters. Draw the circuit
diagram and phasor diagram. Also find the expression of the power factor of a 3-phase load.
(b) What is back emf?
(c) A 6-pole Lap wound dc shunt generator has a useful flux per pole of 0.03 Wb. The armature has
400 conductors and resistance of 0.4Ω. Calculate the terminal voltage when the armature is
rotating at 1000 rpm and armature current is 40A.

21. (a) A 4-pole dc shunt motor working on 200V dc supply takes a line current of 3A at no load while
running at 1500 rpm. Determine the speed when the motor takes a line current of 50A. Assume
armature and field resistance as 0.2Ω and 400Ω respectively.
(b) Define the critical field resistance of a dc shunt generator.
(c) A three-phase 220 V load has a power factor of 0.8. Two wattmeters are connected to measure
the power which shows the input to be 10 kW. Find out the reading of each wattmeter.

22. (a) Derive the relationship between the line voltage and phase voltage in a star connected and delta
connected 3 phase circuit
(b) Derive the torque equation of a DC motor.
(c) An 8 pole lap connected armature has 40 slots with 12 conductors per slot, generating a voltage
of 5000 Volts. Determine the speed at which it is running if the flux per pole is 50 mWb. Also
calculate the terminal voltage at full load of 20A if the armature resistance is 0.5 Ω and the
machine is running as a shunt generator having a shunt field resistance of 250 Ω.

23. (a) A 200V dc series motor runs at 800 rpm when operating at its full-load current of 20A. The
armature and field resistance are 0.5 Ω and 0.1 Ω respectively. What will be the speed if (i) the
load torque is increased by 20% (ii) the motor current is 10A. The magnetic circuit can be
assumed unsaturated. .
(b) “DC series motor should not start at no-load condition”- Explain with suitable characteristics.
(c) Three similar series circuits each having resistance of 10 Ω and capacitance of 50 μF are connected
in star to a 3-phase, 200V, 50 Hz balanced supply. Evaluate (i) line current, (ii) power factor, (iii)
active power.

24. (a) A three phase load in which each phase consists of resistance of 20 Ω, inductance of 0.10 H and
capacitance of 100 μF in series is connected to 200 V, 50 Hz, 3 phase, balanced ac supply.
Considering the delta connection evaluate (i) line current, (ii) phase current (iii) power factor, (iv)
active power
(b) Derive the emf equation of a DC generator.

25. (a) Three equal impedances each of (8 + j10) Ω are connected in star. This is further connected to
440V, 50 Hz three phase supply. Calculate the (i) phase voltage (ii) phase current (iii) line current
(iv) active power (v) reactive power (vi) apparent power (vii) power factor.
(b) Draw and explain the torque vs speed characteristics of the dc shunt and series motor.
(c) A dc generator has an armature emf of 100V when the useful flux per pole is 10 mWb, and the
speed is 800 rpm. Calculate the generated emf with the same flux and speed of 1000 rpm.

26. (a) A 450 V DC series motor runs at 600 rpm taking a current of 40 A. Evaluate the speed when the
load is reduced so that the motor is taking a current of 30A. Total resistance of the armature and
field circuit is 0.8 Ω. Assume the flux is proportional to the field current.
(b) Draw and explain the open circuit characteristics of a dc generator.
(c) Three impedances each of resistance 15 Ω and series inductive reactance of 5 Ω are connected (i)
in star and (ii) in delta across a three phase 220 V supply. Find the line current and total power
consumed in each case.

27. (a) The power to a 3- phase load connected to a 400 V, 50 Hz supply was measured by two wattmeter
methods and the readings were 2000 W and 500 W. The second reading is taken by interchanging
the current coil terminal. Evaluate: (i) total input power (ii) power factor (iii) line current.
(b) Why is the starter needed to start a DC motor?
(c) A dc shunt motor runs at 600 rpm taking 10 A from 220 V supply. Armature and field resistances
are 0.2 Ω and 220 Ω respectively. Evaluate the armature current and back emf.
28. (a) A 400V, 6-pole DC shunt motor has wave wound armature winding with 250 conductors. The
armature and field circuit resistances are 0.3Ω and 200Ω respectively and the flux per pole is
0.04Wb. Find the speed and electromagnetic torque developed if the motor draws 10A from the
supply.
(b) Explain why the field flux control method of speed control of a DC motor cannot be used to obtain
a speed below the rated speed of the motor.
(c) A three phase load in which each phase consists of resistance of 20 Ω, inductance of 0.10 H and
capacitance of 100 μF in series is connected to 200 V, 50 Hz, 3 phase, balanced ac supply.
Considering star connection, evaluate (i) line current, (ii) power factor, (iii) active power.

29. (a) Derive the e.m.f equation of a single phase transformer and show that the voltage ratio of the
primary and secondary windings is the same as their turns ratio.
(b) Analyse with the help of necessary diagrams, how a rotating magnetic field is produced in the air
gap of a 3 phase induction motor.
(c) A 40 kVA single phase transformer has 600 primary turns and 50 secondary turns. The primary
is connected to a 3000 V, 50 Hz supply. Evaluate: (i) the maximum flux in the core, (ii) the
secondary e.m.f, (iii) the primary and secondary currents.

30. (a) Prove that for a single phase transformer

𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒
𝐾𝑉𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐾𝑉𝐴𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 √
𝑃𝑐𝑢

Where, KVAmax = KVA delivered by the transformer at which maximum efficiency occurs, KVArated
= Rated KVA of the transformer, Pcore = iron loss, and Pcu = full load copper loss.
(b) What is slip in a 3 phase induction motor? Why is slip always positive in case of a 3 phase induction
motor? Show that the frequency of the rotor induced e.m.f (fr) in an induction motor is slip times
its stator frequency (f).
(c) The short circuit test performed on a single phase, 10 kVA, 200/400 V, 50 Hz transformer gives
the following test results: Vsc = 25 V, Isc = 12.5 A, Wsc = 200 W
Estimate: (i) equivalent winding resistance, (ii) equivalent winding leakage reactance.

31. (a) Draw the equivalent circuit and phasor diagram of a single phase transformer under leading
power factor load.
(b) Define slip in 3 phase induction motor. What is its value at starting and at synchronous speed?
Why does an induction motor normally run at the speeds below synchronous speed? How can the
direction of rotation of the 3 phase induction motor be reversed?
(c) The e.m.f per turn of a single phase 10 kVA, 2000/200 V, 50 Hz transformer is 10 V. Evaluate: (i)
the number of primary and secondary turns, (ii) maximum value of flux, and (iii) net cross
sectional area of the core for a maximum flux density of 1.5 Wb/m2.

32. (a) Derive the condition for maximum efficiency in a single-phase transformer.
(b) A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3-ɸ induction motor has a slip of 2% at no load and 4% at full load. Estimate: (i)
synchronous speed, (ii) no load speed, (iii) full load speed, (iv) frequency of rotor current at no
load, (v) frequency of rotor current at full load.
(c) A transformer is rated at 100 kVA. At full load its copper loss is 1200 W and its iron loss is 960 W.
Evaluate:
(i) the efficiency at full load, unity power factor,
(ii) the efficiency at half load, 0.8 power factor,
(iii) the kVA delivered by the transformer at which maximum efficiency occurs.

33. (a) A 5kVA, 1000/200V, 5Hz single phase transformer has the following test results:
O.C. Test (Low voltage side): 200 V 1.2 A 90 W
S.C. Test (High voltage side): 50 V 5A 110 W
Solve for the parameters of the equivalent circuit of the transformer and the efficiency of the
transformer at full load and 0.75 power factor lagging.
 (b) A 3-phase, 6 pole, 50 Hz induction motor has a slip of 2% at no load and 5% at full load. Determine
(i) synchronous speed, (ii) no-load speed, (iii) full load speed, (iv) frequency of rotor current at
full load, (v) frequency of rotor current at standstill.

34. (a) A single phase, 50Hz transformer has 80 turns on the primary winding and 280 in the secondary
winding. The voltage induced across the primary winding is 240 Volts. Solve for (i) the maximum
flux density in the core, (ii) induced emf in the secondary winding. The net cross- sectional area
of the core can be taken as 0.02 m2.
(b) Explain the working principle of the 3-phase induction motor.
(c) Explain why the short circuit test is performed on the high voltage side of a transformer. Why is
the core loss almost negligible in this test?

35. (a) A 50 kVA, 2400/120V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has the following test results:
O.C. Test (Low voltage side): 120 V 9.65 A 396 W
S.C. Test (High voltage side): 92 V 20.8 A 810 W
Determine the parameters of the equivalent circuit of the transformer and the efficiency of the
transformer at half load and 0.85 power factor lagging.
(b) A 3-phase, 6 pole, 50 Hz induction motor has a slip of 1% at no load and 3% at full load. Determine
(i) synchronous speed, (ii) no-load speed, (iii) full load speed, (iv) frequency of rotor current at
full load, (v) frequency of rotor current at standstill.

36. (a) Draw and explain the no-load phasor diagram of a single phase transformer.
(b) A transformer is rated at 100kVA. At full load its copper loss is 1200W and its iron loss is 960W.
Calculate (i) the efficiency at full load, 0.8 power factor
(ii) the efficiency at half load,0.7 power factor
(iii) the load kVA at which maximum efficiency will occur
(iv) the maximum efficiency at 0.85 power factor
(c) Draw and explain the torque-slip characteristics of three phase induction motor.

37. (a) The efficiency of a 10 kVA, 2000/400 V single phase transformer at unity factor is 97% at full load
and also at half load. Find the iron and copper loss at full load.
(b) Explain why the open circuit test is performed on the low voltage side of a transformer.
(c) The frequency of the emf in the stator of a 4 pole induction motor is 50 Hz, and that in the rotor is
2 Hz. What is the slip and at what speed is the motor running?

38. (a) Draw the phasor diagram of a single phase transformer under lagging power factor load.
(b) In a 25 kVA, 2000 V/ 200 V transformer the iron and full load copper losses are 200 W and 400 W
respectively. Calculate the efficiency at half load 0.8 power factor lagging. Determine also the
maximum efficiency at the same power factor and the corresponding load.
(c) A 3-phase induction motor is wound for 4 poles and is supplied from a 3-phase, 50 Hz system.
Calculate (i) synchronous speed, (ii) speed of motor when slip is 0.04 and (iii) the rotor frequency
when the motor runs at 600 rpm.