“ Don’t try just do it”
CHAPTER 3:
CREDITING
SOURCES
Instructor:
Dr. NGUYỄN THỊ THANH THÚY
Chapter 6: CREDITING SOURCES
Objectives
- Provide the ground rules for acknowledging how others
contributed to your work.
- Offer guidelines on format quoted material in text and
information on seeking permission to reprint or adapt
previously published material.
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Chapter 6: CREDITING SOURCES
• When to cite
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• Citing and
2 referencing
1. When to cite
Plagiarism can be described as academic theft,
where scholars use the ideas of others without
saying so.
Whether paraphrasing, quoting an author directly,
or describing an idea that influenced your work,
you must credit the source.
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1. When to cite
Just a few reasons to avoid plagiarism
1. It is a form of theft.
2. It is cheating, so it is wrong.
3. You are wasting your time as you are not learning how to write
like a scholar or developing your knowledge.
4. You are wasting your tutor’s time as they are not reading / giving
feedback on your work.
5. It makes your grade worthless, so you won’t be able to feel proud
of your work.
6. It is easily detectable and leads to serious consequences.
7. You will spend a lot of time worrying about being detected.
8. If it does remain undetected, it hurts others because of unfairness,
and yourself, because you will always know your grade is
meaningless.
2. Citing and referencing
2.1 Definition
Citing is mentioning a source in your essay, such
as an article or book, especially as an example or
proof of what you are saying.
Citing can be done through quoting or
paraphrasing.
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2. Citing and referencing
2.1 Definition
Quoting is repeating what someone has said in exactly the same
words
Introduce the quote with an in-text citation in parentheses. Any
sentence punctuation goes after the closing parenthesis.
According to Brown (2019), "Direct quote" (p. 1021).
Brown (2019) found that "Direct quote" (p. 1021).
[Some other introduction] "Direct quote" (Brown, 2019, p. 1021).
Ex: As Crane (2017) said, "Mindfulness has become a trend word
conveying a diversity of understandings dependent on context" (p.
586) and can encompass....
Mindfulness has a range of meanings as it "...has become a trend
word conveying a diversity of understandings dependent on
context" (Crane, 2017, p. 586) and can encompass....
2. Citing and referencing
2.1 Definition
If you're directly quoting more than 40 words, use a blockquote.
Block quotes don't need quotation marks. Instead, indent the text 1/2"
as a visual cue that you are citing. The in-text citation in parentheses
goes after the punctuation of the quote.
Ex: Shavers (2007) study found the following:
While research studies have established that socioeconomic status
influences disease incidence, severity and access to healthcare, there has
been relatively less study of the specific manner in which low SES
influences receipt of quality care and consequent morbidity and mortality
among patients with similar disease characteristics, particularly among
those who have gained access to the healthcare system. (p. 1021)
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2. Citing and referencing
2.1 Definition
Paraphrasing is expressing what someone has said in a
different way.
Always include the last name of the author(s) and the
year of the publication, so your reader can find the full
citation in the reference list.
Ex: Whereas Wood (2011) has a positive view of the current state of their
textile industry, some analysts are indicating that it is in decline.
2. Citing and referencing
2.2 Quote or paraphrase
Paraphrases allow you to demonstrate more academic
skills and are valued more highly.
Half of your essay could consist of paraphrases.
Quotes are not as common in academic writing so you
should not quote often.
However, there are occasions when it is better to quote,
e.g. when you want to include in your essay definitions,
strong statements or ideas that were expressed by others
in an original or authoritative way.
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2. Citing and referencing
2.2 Quote or paraphrase
Paraphrases allow you to demonstrate more academic
skills and are valued more highly.
Half of your essay could consist of paraphrases.
Quotes are not as common in academic writing so you
should not quote often.
However, there are occasions when it is better to quote,
e.g. when you want to include in your essay definitions,
strong statements or ideas that were expressed by others
in an original or authoritative way.
2. Citing and referencing
2.3 In-text citation
Source: NUS Libraries
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2. Citing and referencing
2.3 In-text citation
• Narrative citation’s examples:
Smith (2020) argues that employee engagement significantly
improves job performance.
According to Johnson and Lee (2019), trust plays a critical role in
online group-buying.
• Parenthetical citation’s examples:
Employee engagement has been found to enhance job
performance (Smith, 2020).
Trust is a key antecedent of consumers’ attitudes in online group-
buying contexts (Johnson & Lee, 2019).
Source: NUS Libraries
2. Citing and referencing
2.4 Reference list
Reference data must be correct and complete.
Arrange entries in alphabetical order by the surname of the
first author followed by initials of the author’s given name.
References with the same authors in the same order are
arranged by year of publication, the earliest first.
References with the same first author and different second or
third authors are arranged alphabetically by the surname of
the second author, or if the second author is the same, then by
the surname of the third author.
References by the same author with the same publication
date are arranged alphabetically b the title that follows the
date.
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2. Citing and referencing
2.4 Reference list
2. Citing and referencing
2.4 Reference list
1. Journal article
Author’s last name, Initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of
article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), Pages.
[Link]
Ex: Ashing‐Giwa, K. T., Padilla, G., Tejero, J., Kraemer, J.,
Wright, K., Coscarelli, A., Clayton, S., Williams, I., & Hills,
D. (2004). Understanding the breast cancer experience of
women: A qualitative study of African American, Asian
American, Latina and Caucasian cancer survivors.
Psycho‐Oncology, 13(6), 408-428.
[Link]
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2. Citing and referencing
2.4 Reference list
2. Book
Author’s last name, Initial(s). (Year of
publication). Title of book (Edition ed.). Publisher
location: Publisher. [Link]
Ex: Schmidt, N. A., & Brown, J. M. (2017). Evidence-
based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of
research (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.
2. Citing and referencing
2.4 Reference list
3. Book chapter
Author’s last name, Initial(s). (Year of publication).
Title of the chapter. In Editor(s) (Ed./Eds.), Title of book
([Link]-xx). Publisher.
Ex: McCormack, B., McCance, T., & Maben, J. (2013).
Outcome evaluation in the development of person-
centred practice. In B. McCormack, K. Manley, & A.
Titchen (Eds.), Practice development in nursing and
healthcare (pp. 190-211). John Wiley & Sons.
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2. Citing and referencing
2.4 Reference list
4. Online Newspaper article
Author’s last name, Initial(s). (Year, Month Day of
publication). Title of article. Newspaper. URL
Ex: Rogers, O. (2021, July 9). Why naming race is
necessary to undo racism. Psychology Today.
[Link]
who-are-we/202107/why-naming-race-is-necessary-
undo-racism
2. Citing and referencing
2.4 Reference list
5. Dissertation or Thesis
Author’s last name, Initial(s). (Year, Month Day). Title
of the dissertation or thesis [Doctoral dissertation or
Master's thesis, Name of University]. Source. URL
Ex: Valentin, E. R. (2019, Summer). Narcissism
predicted by Snapchat selfie sharing, filter usage, and
editing [Master's thesis, California State University
Dominguez Hills]. CSU ScholarWorks.
[Link]
925?locale=en
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“ Don’t try just do it”
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