

lô Aa¨vq
†iLv, †KvY I wÎfzR
Abykxjbx 6.1
cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`


‘Geometry’ ‘Geometry’ Geo- (earth) metrein - (measure)


(Space)

(Solid) ¯—…
(Three dimensional)

(Surface)

(Two-dimensional) : (line)

(one-dimensional) :

(point)

Plane Geometry)
 

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

.
(Space)

(Surface)

(Space)

(Line)

(Straight line)
(Curved line)

(Space)
(Point)
 

a b ab
a  b a  b a b

P Q
P Q PQ

0
P Q PQ PQ = 0 1
P Q- Q P PQ =
QP AB A
PQ = QP P Q 0 B

D B

P, Q PQ= a – b P Q
a b P

A C
P a P a-
AB CD P AB CD
a- P-

A ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ B
C ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ D
AB CD AB
a b
CD
A B
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
P
AB
P a P a
a P

0 1

¸iæZ¡cY~ © enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

−
K  M N A
 

x 2x
K L  N B D
C
ABC ABC
4 L3 M2 N1
K 30 L 60 M 120  300
metron-
−
K L  N
i.
 
ii. POQ
iii.  50 L 90 M 140 N 320
POR

Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii  180 L 270 M 280 N 320

A
P
E 60
A B O
F
C D B C

Q AB = AC
AB || CD PQ − BOC
i. PEB = EFD ii. AEF = EFD K 15 L 60 M 75  120
iii. BEF + EFD = 2 OBC
K 15  30 M 45 N 60
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii
A

A F E

B C
2

D E D

ABC BC = CA = AB = 2 D, E
B C
F
AD = BD, AE = CE, CE = 25
BC = ABC −
3 L4 M5 N6 K L

DE =  N

K3 L 25 M2  15 ABC

K3 L4 6 N9
P BCEF
40
R Q 3 3 3 27 3
O K3 L  N
4 4 8
K1 L3 M4 6
mvaviY Av‡jvPbv
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K  M N
Elements
 L M N
K  M N

61 : ¯’vb, Zj, †iLv I we›`yi aviYv

K  M N
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K L M 

K0 L1 M2 3
K L  N
K L  N
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

K0 L1 M2 3
i.
K2 3 M4 N5 ii.
iii.
 L M N

Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii

 
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
i.
ii.
K  M N
iii.

K L M 
Ki ii i iii M ii iii N i, ii iii

1 L2 M3 N4
i.
ii. K0 L1 M4 
iii. P Q
K PQ  QP L QP  PQ
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii M PQ + QP = 0  PQ = QP
P Q
K PQ = 0  PQ  0 M PQ  QP N PQ  0
i.
ii. enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
iii.

i.
Ki ii i iii ii.
M ii iii N i, ii iii iii.

62 : BDwK¬‡Wi ¯^xKvh©

Ki ii i iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi −
i.
 L M N ii.
iii.
K L  N
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii
1 L2 M3 N P Q −
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi i. P Q
ii. PQ
−
iii. PQ ≠ QP
i.
ii.
i ii Li iii
iii.
M ii iii N i, ii iii

Ki ii Li iii Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

 ii iii N i, ii iii
A B −
i. P, Q
ii. PQ = | a − b |
iii. a, b
 L
Ki ii Li iii M N
M ii iii  i, ii iii P a P a

63 : mgZj R¨vwgwZ

 
K  M N
P a a P i. ii.
iii.
 L M N
Ki ii i iii
64 : R¨vwgwZK cÖgvY M ii iii N i, ii iii

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

 L M N K  M N
Elements
K L  N K L  N

K  M N K1 L2 3 N4

 L1 M2 N3

K L M 
−  L M N

K  −
M N i.

Geometry ii.

 L M N iii.

K L  N Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii

gon −
 L M N i.
ii.

K  M N iii.

 L1 M2 N3 Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb


-

 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 

-
 
 

 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 

 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 

(Postulate) 
P Q 
P Q PQ 

P Q Q P PQ = 
QP PQ = QP P Q 


(Axioms)

P Q 
P Q a cm. PQ 

P Q PQ P Q
PQ = 
0 
P Q Q P a cm
PQ = QP

m„Rbkxj cÖkœe¨vsK DËimn


 

Abykxjbx 6.2
cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`

 

AB
C C A B
A, C B
AC + CB = AB A, C B
BAD A AC BAC
A B A B
CAD BD AC
AB A B




OP OQ O POQ
AOC AOD AOB
O POQ


AOC


A
AB A AB AC
AC AB A
O
BAC BAC C



  1

O B

AOB OC
A BAC CAD AOC COB
A BAC CAD AC AOB 1 AOC
AC COB
BAC CAD  2
 
C

A
O B

AB O OC OA
OB AOC COB
AOB
2 AOB
AOC COB


OA OB OC OD

 BOD AOC BOC

DOA

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

PQ A, B C
BAC
 
AB C AC B
AQ A AQ AP AP
AQ A PAQ PAQ
B C PBQ PCQ

P BAC Q, S R

.Q B

.S A .P

.R C D

A BAC CAD
A BAC CAD AC
AC BAC
CAD
P A B C Q
 
AB O OC OA
OB AOC COB
AOB
2 AOB AOC COB

OA OB OC OD
BOD AOC BOC DOA

BAD A AC BAC CAD

BD AC
1

C
(90−x)

x
O B

AOB OC
AOC COB
AOC AOD AOB
AOB 1
AOC COB
2

(180−x)
x

¸iæZ¡cY~ © enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

20 BOC
K 35 L 70  80 N 160 D
C

K L A B
O
M  K AOD  COD
M BOD N ADC

K 45 L 80  90 N 180 ABC B = 40, C = 60 B C

O BOC
A K 40 L 50
O 30 M 80  130
C D
8
B
AOC + BOD = K 8  41 M 49 N 82
K 320  300 −
M 270 N 250 i. 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm ii. 5 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm
iii. 6 cm, 8 cm, 12 cm
 
S
R
i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
P Q
ABC DEF − O
i. AB = DE, BC = EF AC = DF
ii. AB = DE, BC = EF B = E  POS L QOR
M ROS N POR
iii. A = D, B = E C = F
QOR
K QOS L POR
i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
 ROS N POS

†iLv, iwk¥, †iLvsk i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii

A B C
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
−
P Q PQ i. AC + CB = AB ii. AB − AC = BC
K  M N iii. A, C B

K L M  Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii

†KvY
K L  N

mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

K1 2 M3 N OP OQ O
a b K  M N
K  M N

K A L A B M A B  K L  N
B A B

K 30 L 60 M 90  180

 A B L A B M A B N A
B
AC + CB = AB C
K L  N
K L  N

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

K L  N

90
i. ii.
 L M N
iii.

C
Ki ii Li iii  ii iii N i, ii iii

A O B
i.
O
ii.
K 
iii.
M N

45
Ki ii i iii M ii iii N i, ii iii

K  M N
i. ii.
181
iii.
 L M N
 
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii
15
 75 L 105 M 165 N 195
15 90 15 75 O A

K L  N i. AOC
ii. AOC > 180
A iii. AOC < 180
D

O B C i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii

DBC
K ABD L ABC M OBC  DBO
i. 100 80 ii. 110 70
iii. 120 60

 L M N
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii
180

 L M N
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
60

K0 L 45  60 N 90  −
x 60

x
60 45 K 30 L 90 M 120  135
60 + 135 = 195, 180
K 60 L 70  75 N 90
60 x + 45 = 180 x = 180 105 75

 30 L 60 M 120 N 150
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

− K  M N

i.  −
ii. 45
iii.

 45 L 60 M 80 N 90

i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
K 145  135 M 60 N 45
i. CAD < 90 D
C
ii. CAD = 90 − x
x
K 90 L 75  45 N 35
iii. BAC + CAD = 90
A B  −
C B
a
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii
a a
NZ XY ⊥ NZ YO − D
0
A
60 b
x
i. XYO O
E
ii. OYZ a
N Z
iii. NYZ Y
K 30  60 M 90 N 180
AOD = 180
 
AOB + BOC + COD = 180
3a = 180 a = 60 A C
b 150
K AOB L DOC M BOE  DOB E z xy F

AOE
B D
K 150 L 180  240 N 270
AB CD x =
AOE = a + a + a + 60 = 3a + 60 = 360 + 60
= 4  60 = 240 K 150  30 M 35 N 130
z = 150
 −
y = z = 150  x + y = 180
B
C x + 150 = 180  x = 180 − 150 = 30
C C

A B D A B x P
O A O C D
120

AOC BOC E
Q
F

K  M N B

x
 BAC = DAC L BAC + DAC = 90 K 30  60 M 65 N 90
M BAC ≠ DAC N BAD = BAC x = AQE
AQE = 180 − 120 = 60  x = 60

K L M 
D F
AOC BOC
x+20
A B
O M
x+10
K L  N
C E

CD EF AB DOM =
 AOC + BOC = 90 L AOC = BOC
M AOC + BOC = 180 N AOB  90  85 L 78 M 77 N 76

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

64 : mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi F
P
1 2
A B
P 3 4
5 6
M 65 C D
A B 7 8 Q

E
C D
N
i. 1 5, 2 6
Q
ii. 3 6, 4 5
AB CD PQ CNM =
iii. 1, 4, 6
K 65 L 105 M 110  115

i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii

−

i.

ii.
iii.

 180 L 120 M 90 N 60 Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii

−
180
i.
 
ii. A

iii. C
P Q

D
i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii R S

Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi B

 −
K CDR, CDS L QCD, RDS
PQ || RS AB C D PQ RS
 DCQ, CDS N SDC, PCD
PCD
K CDR  CDS M ADR N ACQ

 ACQ, SDC L PCD, CDS

M PCD, QCD N ACQ, PCD

wewfbœ ¯‹z‡ji wbe©vwPZ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

45 180 − x
K 0  45 M 90 N 180 K 90  x M 180 N x + 90
A = x B A B = ? 15
K x L y M 90 + x  90 − x K 165  75 M 345 N 345

A D
 360 L 180 M 90 N 0

O

A B
C B
AB
K AB L AB
BOC
K1 2 M3 N4
 AB N AB

K L M 
K L M 
AOC
60
O A D
C K 30 L 60 M 90  120

B 50
 L M N
K 60  130 M 150 N 90
120 50
K 40 L 50  60 N 90  40 L 130 M 150 N 90
50
K 100  180 M 120 N 130 K 40 L 130  310 N 180

 L F
D
M N ?
O
A B
O 30 60
− C E
K L M  DOF =
A B A B B = ?  90 L 60 M 150 N 160
K 60 L 90  45 N 30 60
 
K 90 L 30  120 N 180 P
E
A B
P
150
A B C D
E F
Q
C D
F AB || CD; PQ
0 i. AEF = DFE ii. BEF = DFE = 180
EFD iii. BEP = CFQ
K 150 L 60  30 N 45

Ki ii i iii M ii iii N i, ii iii

 L
M N i. 120 60 ii. 110 70
iii. 100 80
 L M N

− Ki L ii iii M iii  i, ii iii

i. 
ii. 35
iii.
K 145 L 125  55 N 35
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii
−
i. ii. K 30 L 45  55 N 60

iii.
A
C
P Q
Ki i ii M ii N i, ii iii
D
R S
C B

D PQ ॥ RS AB C D PQ RS
x

B A
i. ABD = 90
K CDR, CDS L QCD, RDS
ii. ABD = 90 − x
 DCQ, CDS N SDC, PCD
iii. ABC − ABD = x

 ACQ, SDC L PCD, CDS

Ki ii Li iii  ii iii N i, ii iii
M PCD, QCD N ACQ, PCD
 −
C
D E
M
A B
B 25

30 C D
A E N
O F
i. AOB + DOE = 95 ii. BOC + COD = 90 AMN = 50 MND =
iii. BOC + DOE = 125
 50 L 130 M 40 N 120
EMB = 50 BMN =
Ki ii i iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
K 50 L 60  130 N

60

K 90 L 120 M 100  135

 
 CHF = 60 BGE
M 120
E
 60 L 90 N 180
G
A B

C D
H

AGH + CHG =
K 60 L 90 M 150  180

AwZwi³ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

 EF AB CD G H (i) AGH, GHD KGH =

GHD KG CD
AB CD AG CD

AG KG CD
AGH EHD
AGH = EHD

 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  (ii) EGB = AGH

AGH = EHD
E  EGB = EHD
G
A B
E
C D
H
G
F A B
L
K
EF AB CD G H
C D
H
F
 EGB = GHD
EF AB CD G H
AGH = GHD
AGH EHD KG,
AGH HL, EHD KG
E
 HL.
G
A B
K
C D
H
F KG, AGH
1
EF AB CD G H  KGH = AGH
2
HL, GHD
(i) AGH = GHD
1
 GHL = GHD
(ii) EGB = GHD 2
 
AGH = GHD P
E
1 1 A B
AGH = GHD
2 2
F G
C D
 KGH = GHL
Q
 KG  HL
 AB  CD, PQ PQ AB CD E F

EGF EGF + FEG + EFG =

AEF = EFD PEB = EFD

1 1
BEF DFE G EGF + BEF + EFD
2 2
EGF = =
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  EGF +
1
(BEF + EFD)
2
=
P
1
E EGF + (EFC + EFD)
A B 2

F = [ BEF = EFC]
C D
1
EGF + 
Q 2
PEB EFD
AEF EFD EGF +
1
2
2
EGF +
P
E
A B
 EGF =
K F
C D
 EF AB CD GH
Q
PQ AB CD E F

AEF = EFD PEB = EFD

AB CD

AEF, EFD
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
KEF = EFD,
KE CD
G
AB CD AE CD
X
A B
Y
C D
AE KE E Z F
CD
H
AEF EFD
AB, CD EF GH
AEF = EFD
AB, CD EF X, Y Z
BEP = AEF [ EF AB CD
PEB = EFD AB CD
BEF DFE G
EGF =

AB EF GH
 
 AXH = GZF [ AB CD EF
CD EF GH AB  CD

 GYD = GZF [
AXH = GYD GZF EF AB CD P Q

AB CD AB EF
 EPB = 90
 AB CD CD EF
 EQD = 90
E PQD = 90
 EPB = PQD
A B
P
C D  AB  CD
Q

m„Rbkxj cÖkœe¨vsK DËimn

 ABC BC D ACD ABC + BAC + ACB = 180

C CE || BA  ABC- AB  AC A AD, BC D

A + B + C =
BC AB + AC  ADB
BC. D, ABC AB + AC  BD
 ABC BC D C + DC.
BA || CE

ACD  ABC.
 

Abykxjbx 6.3
cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`

 A

C
B

ABC AB = BC = CA ABC

A A

B C
B C ABC AB = AC  BC
ABC A, B, C AB, BC, ABC
CA BAC, ABC, BCA 
AB, BC, CA


 
A


B C

ABC AB, BC, CA

ABC



C
B

ABC BAC, ABC, BCA

ABC
 A D

B C E F

F
E

DEF DFE DEF

EDF DEF


H
K
GHK GKH GHK
HGK GHK

B D
C

ABC BC D ACD
ABC BAC
ACD

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

 
EF = FD
CDF AED
 CD = AD [ D, AC
AE = CF [

 C = A
 CDF  AED
 FD = ED  (ii)
(i) (ii)
i.
EF = FD = ED
ii.
DEF
iii.

i ii i iii  ii iii  i, ii iii

A

F E
D
C

B D C
A B
O ABC AB = BC = AC
AD, BE CF BC, CA AB D, E
BOC BOD COD  AOD F BC, AC AB
  AD = BE = CF
BOC
AOC BOD  COD  AOD
BOC + COD = 90 ABD ACF
AB = AC [ ABC
BD = AF
B = A
 ABD  ACF
A AD = CF  (i)
BCE ACF
E D

BE = CF (ii)
(i) (ii)
B C
F
 AD = BE = CF [
ABC
AB = BC = AC F, D E BC, AC AB
DEF
DEF

BEF CDF
BE = CD [
BF = CF [ F, BC F B C E

B = C [ ABC BC E
F ACE
 BEF  CDF  (i) ABF
 
ACE + ABF  2 AB + AC  2AD
AD E AD = DE E, C

ACE = A + B  (i) [

ABF = A + C  (ii) ABD CDE

(i) (ii) BD = CD, [D, BC
ACE + ABF = A + B + A + C AD = DE
ADB = CDE
ABC A + B + C = 2
 ABD  CDE
 ACE + ABF = A + 2
 AB = CE
ACE + ABF  2 (2) ACE
ABC D AB + AC AC + CE  AE
[
 BD + DC

A
AC + AB  AD + DE [ AB = CE]
AB + AC  AD + AD [ DE = AD]
E
D
 AB + AC  2AD

B C
ABC D B,
D C, D
AB + AC  BD + CD
A
BD AC E
F E

B C
D
ABE
AB + AE  BE [
H

AB + AE  BD + DE(i) [ BE = BD + DE ] ABC AD, BE CF

CDE CE + DE  CD(ii)
(i) (ii) AD + BE + CF  AB + BC + AC
AB + AE + CE + DE  BD + DE + CD AD H AD = DH C,
AB + AE + CE  BD + CD DE H

AE + EC = AC
 AB + AC  BD + CD ABD CDH
ABC BC D AB + AC BD = CD [ D, BC
AD = DH
 2AD
ADB = HDC [
A  ABD  CDH
 AB = CH
ACH
AC + CH AH
B C
D [

ABC BC D A, D AC + AB  AD + DH [ AB = CH]

 
AB + AC  AD + AD ABC B C O
AB + AC  2AD
2AD  AB + AC(i) BOC = 90 +
1
A
2
BE CF AD
2BE  AB + BC(ii)
2CF  AC + BC (iii)
ABC A + B + [
(i), (ii) (iii)
C =180  (i)
2AD + 2BE + 2CF  AB + AC + AB + BC +
BOC BOC + [
AC + BC
OBC + OCB = 180
2(AD + BE + CF)  2(AB + BC + AC)
1
 AD + BE + CF  AB + BC + AC OBC = B [BO CO ABC
2

OCB =
1
C
ACB
ABC BA D 2
BA = AD BCD
1 1
BOC + B + C = 180
2 2
D 1 1
BOC + B + C = A + B + C [ (i)
2 2
A 1 1
BOC = A + B – B + C – C
2 2
1 1
C
B BOC = A + B + C
2 2
ABC AB = AC A 1 1 1 1
BOC = A + B + C + A
BA D BA = AD C, D 2 2 2 2
1 1
BCD BOC = (A + B + C) + A
2 2
1 1
BOC =  180 + A
2 2

ABC AB = AC  BOC = 90 + 1 A

2
 ABC = ACB  (i) ABC AB AC B C
BA = AD
O
AC = AD
1
ACD AC = AD BOC = 90 − A
2
 ACD = ADC  (ii)
BCD BCD + DBC +
A
CDB = 180
BCD + ABC + ADC = 180 (i) (ii)
BCD + ACB + ACD = 180 B C

BCD + BCD = 180 [ACB + ACD = BCD]

2BCD = 180 E O F
BCD = 90
ABC AB AC E F
BCD
ABC B C O
B C O
1
BOC = 90 + A
2
1
BOC = 90 − A
2
A

O
ABC
A + B + C = 180 [
B C
BOC
 
BOC + OBC +OCB = 180  AB = BD
1 1 AB = BC + CD [ BC = CD]
OBC = EBC = (A + C)
2 2 AB = BC + BC
1
OCB = BCF  AB = 2BC
2
1
= (A + B)
2

1
BOC + (A + C + A + B) = 180
2
1
BOC + 2 (180 + A) = 180 A E
[ A + B + C = 180]
1 1
BOC +  180 + A = 180
2 2
D
1 B C
BOC + 90 + A = 180
2 ABC BC D
1
BOC = 180 − 90 − A ACD
2
1 ACD = BAC + ABC
 BOC = 90 – A
2 C BA CE
C A

B 2A
C B
AB = 2BC BA CE AC
BAC = ACE  (i)
A BA CE BD
ABC = ECD  (ii)
(i) (ii)
 BAC + ABC = ACE + ECD
D C B
BAC + ABC = ACD
C B = 2A  ACD = BAC + ABC
AB = 2BC
BC D BC = CD D, A

A
ACB
ACD = [
D
ABC ADC
B C
ABC AC
BC = CD
AC AB

ACB ACD AB − AC < BC

 ABC  ADC AB AC AD D, C
B = D
BAC = CAD
BAD = BAC + CAD [ B = 2A
1
1 1 A = B] ACD
= B + B =B 2
2 2 [ AD = DC]
ACD = ADC
ABD
 ACD-
B = D = DAB
BDC  ACD
 
 BDC  ACD 2BD = AC
 BDC- 1
 BD = 2 AC
ADC  BCD
 ADC  BCD ABC AB  AC A AD, BC

 BDC- D ADB
BDC  BCD
 BC  BD A

BD BC
AB − AD  BC
[ AD = AC]
 AB − AC  BC B
D
C

ABC B D, ABC AB  AC A
1 AD, BC D ADB
AC BD = AC
2
A
D

B C
ABD AB ADB
ACD AC ADC
A
D AB  AC
F
 ADB  ADC
B C
E
ABC B D,
AC B, D
1
BD = AC
2 ADB + ADC = 180

F, AB E, BC F, D E, D ADB  ADC
ADB 
 ADB

FD, AC AB

 FD  BC
DE, BC AC D
P

 DE  AB
AFD = B A
C
B

AFD AB CD P, CD
DFB = PA = PB
AFD BFD
AF = BF
FD
CD AC = BC  PC ⊥ AB]
AFD = BFD
PCA = PCB [
 AFD  BFD
APC BPC
FAD = FBD
AC = BC,
ABD
PC
DAB = ABD
ACP BCP [
 AD = BD
APC  BPC [
BDE CDE BD = CD
 BD + BD = AD + CD
 
 PA = PB AC + CE  AE

ABC A BC
D
ABC AC + AB  AD + DE [ AB = CE]

AB + AC  2AD AB + AC  AD + AD [ AD = DE]
1  AB + AC  2AD
AD = 2 BC
1
AD = BC
2
C

C
D

A B
E
A B
AB E D, E
ABC A BC
D
AB + AC  2AD
ABC D E BC
C E
AB
D  DE \ AC

A B
 DEB = CAE

AD E AD = DE
E, C  DEA = DEB
DEB DEA
AE = EB
DE = DE
ABD CDE
DEB = DEA
BD = CD [D, BC
 DEB  DEA
AD = DE
 AD = BD
ADB = CDE
1
 ABD  CDE  AD = BC  D, BC
2
 AB = CE 1
BD = BC]
ACE 2

¸iæZ¡cY~ © enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

2x
A
3y x
O K y = 180 − 3x L x = 90 − y
 y + x = 60 N y = 90 − 2x
B C
ABC ABC  ACB
ABC BOC =
K AB  AC L AB = AC  AB  AC N AB  BC
K 90 L 100  120 N 130
ABC AB = AC B = 25 A
8
K 30 L 60  65 N 130
PQ || RS, AB G H
K 8  41 M 49 N 82
−
 
A i. AOB + BOC = 90
G
P Q ii. AOC + COD = 115
iii. COD = BOC
R S
H
B i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
i. AGQ = GHS
ii. QGH + GHS = 180 A
iii. AGQ = RHB

Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii B C

ABC C = 2 A A
AOB BOC −
K 10  30 M 45 N 60
C
B 
PQR QR S
D A
O A
i. 2x
3cm
ii.
x
B C
iii.
x
 30 L 45 M 60 N 90
Ki ii Li iii  ii iii N i, ii iii
BC
K 6cm L 2 3cm  3 3cm N 4 3cm
B C D
25
A 30 E
O
K L  N
wÎfzR
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K 90  180 M 270 N 360
ABC A = x, B = 2x C = 3x

K L
 L M N
 N
A + B + C = 180 x + 2x + 3x = 180
6x =180 x = 30
K  M N  C = 3  30 = 90
ABC a, b c

K  M N
1 1
K (a + b + c) L (a + b + c)
2 3
K 45  60 M 90 N 120
 (a + b + c) N 2 a + b + c)
3 2 4

K  M N
K L M 
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 AB = AC ≠ BC L AB = AC = DC
M AB ≠ AC ≠ BC N AB = 2AC = BC
i.
3
ii.
iii.
K L  N

Ki ii Li iii  ii iii N i, ii iii

K L  N
 
i. 90    180
ii.
 ACD = 40 + 50 = 90
iii. 32
ABC  ACD-
58
A

Ki ii i iii M ii iii N i, ii iii

B D
C
i. 60 K 90 L 100  120 N 180
ii.  ABC A = B = C = 60

iii.  ACD + ACB = 180

ACD + 60 = 180  ACD = 180 − 60 = 120
x
Ki ii i iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
A
−
30
i.
50 x
ii. B D
30 C
iii.
K 80 L 100  115 N 120
ABC AB = BC
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii  ACB = BAC
ABC + BAC + ACB = 180
ABC AD −
50 + 180 − x + 180 − x = 180
i. AD ⊥ BC A
2x = 230  x = 115
ii. ABD
x
iii. ABC A
6x
B C
D
4x 2x

B C
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii
 45 L 70 M 80 N 90
− ABC + ACB + BAC = 180
i. ABC 180 − 4x + 180 − 2x + 360 − 6x = 180
ii. ABC 720 − 12x = 180 12x = 540  x = 45
iii. AB = AC 40 50
A

K 60 L 70 M 80  90
4 4 180
 180 − (40 + 50) = 90

B C 8
5

K 37  41 M 42 N 49

Ki ii i iii M ii iii N i, ii iii

x-8
wÎfz‡Ri ewnt¯’ I AšÍt¯’ †KvY
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 90
x
ACD
90 + x − 8 + x = 180
A
98
2x − 8 = 90 x=  x = 49
2
50
 49 − 8 = 41
B 40
C D
K 70 L 80  90 N 100
 
D
A
y x
y
30 40
B C
y
K 10 L 20 M 30  70 150 z 60
y = 30 + 40 = 70
w

z
A D
K 20  30 M 40 N 60
w
75
x
K 105 L 110 M 115  120
55
B E x
C

AB ॥ DC x= K 85 L 95  90 N 100

y
K 45 L 55  75 N 100
AB║DC AC K 75 L 80 M 85  90

 BAC = ACD
evû I †Kv‡Yi me©mgZv
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
−
A
i. ACD
i.
ii. BCD
ii.
iii. ACB B D
C
iii.
B  Q 

Ki ii i iii M ii iii N i, ii iii 40 40

O 
C 

A P

i.
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii
90
AB CD
ii.
i. AB CD
iii.
ii. AB = CD
iii. AB ≠ CD
Ki ii Li iii  ii iii N i, ii iii

Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii

 − wÎfz‡Ri me©mgZv
PQR QR S
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
P
ABC  DEF B = E C = F

Q R S  BC = EF L AC = EF M AB = DE N BC = DE
PQR ABC DEF AB = DE, AC = DF BAC = EDF
K 30 L 45 M 50  60
PRS K ABC = DEF  ABC  DEF
K 60 L 90  120 N 150 M ABC  DEF N ABC  DEF
B = E A = D AB DE
 PRS  PQR L PRS = PQR K ABC = DEF  ABC  DEF
M PRS  QPR N PRS = QPR M ABC  DEF N ABC  DEF
 −
 
A D

Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii

ABC D E AB AC −
B E
1
C F i. DE || BC ii. DE = BC
2
AB = DE, BC = EF, ABC = DEF 1
iii. BC = DE
2

K L  N
i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
ABC D E AB AC DE =
? Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
1 1
K
2
AB 
2
BC M 2AC N 2AE  −
A D
ABC  DEF ABC = DEF AB = DE
?
 BC = EF L BC = DE
B C E F
M AB = EF N AC = DF
ABC BC ? ABC  DEF
BC
K AB − AC  BC  AB + AC  BC  EF L DE M DF N AC
M AB  AC + BC N AB − BC  AC B
K D  E M F N C
ACB
ABC ABC  ACB
K DEF  DFE
M EDF N BAC
K AC  AB L AB  BC M AB  BC  AC  AB
 −
ABC DEF
AC = DF AB = DE
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
ABC =?
K EDF  DEF
i. M EDF + EFD N EFD
ii.
AC ABC = 90
iii.
DF DEF = 90
AC = DF AB = DE
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii

 ABC  DEF L ABC  DEF

A
M ABC = DEF N ABC  DEF
ABC AC  AB
B C
K ABC  BAC  ABC  ACB
ABC − M ABC  BAC N ABC  ACB
i. ABC  ACB AC  AB
ii. AC  AB ABC  ACB
iii. AB + AC  BC
A

K L
a a
 N

B C
b

ABC
K 
 
M N ABC AB = AC, A = 80 B =
K 40  50 M 60 N 100
1 L2 M3 N4
ABC AB = AC, 2B = A C = ? K  M N
B
ACB = 50
A
A

C
 45 L 60 M 90 N 180 B D
C
1 1 2?
ABC
K L
 130 L 100 M 90 N 40
 N

K 90  60 M 45 N 120  180 L 90 M 120 N 360

6
−
K 38 L 41  42 N 49  L M N
−
K1 2 3 A

3 4 5
M2 4 6 80 100
B D
N3 4 7 C
A + B =

K3 L4 M5 6 K 60 L 90 M 80  100

95
A
K  M N

8
40 C
B
K 8  41 M 49 N 82 AB = AC A =
K 40 L 60 M 80  100
A
65 70
K 90  45 M 60 N 30
60
K 60  30 M 180 N 690
B C
ABC A AD AB = AC
ABC = ACB A
i. BD = DC
 AB = AC L BAC = ABC ii. AD ⊥ BC
M AB = BC N ACB = BAC iii. ABD = BAD
50 B C
D

i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii

K 10  40 M 50 N 90 −
i.
A
ii.
iii.
40 C
B

AB = AC A = Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii

K 40 L 60 M 80  100
 
P A

10
Q R
PQR −
i. PQ + PR  QR ii. PQ − PR  QR B C
D
iii. QPR  PQR
ABC
BAD
Ki i ii M iii N i, ii iii
 30 L 45 M 60 N 90
BA║CE − ABC ABC + CAB =
A
E K 60 L 90  120 N 180

B D A
C
i. ACD = ABC + BAC 6 cm
ii. ACE = BAC
iii. DCE = ABC
B 3 cm C
Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii BAC
i.  30 L 45 M 60 N 65

ii. 60 ACB

iii. n (n − 2) K 30 L 45  60 N 90

 −
A
Ki ii Li iii  ii iii N i, ii iii
PQR PR P = 45 O, PR D E

−
i. PQ = QR ii. OP = OQ = OR B F C

iii. O, PQR AB = BC = AC D, E, F AB, AC BC

Ki ii Li iii M ii iii  i, ii iii DEF =

K 90 L 45  60 N 30
A BC = 10 cm DE =
K 10 cm L 2 cm  5 cm N 6 cm
120 ABC + ACB =
B C D K 60 L 180  120 N 90

ABC − 
i. AB + AC  BC ii. AB − AC  BC 3  30
iii. A + B = 60 4 

i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii

K 30 L 45  60 N 20

5 L4 M7 N6
iii.
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

i.
Ki ii i iii M ii iii N i, ii iii
ii.

i.
 
ii. 100 80 ABC BAC = 90 AD, BC
iii. 180 360 1 = 32 3
 32 L 44 M 48 N 64
Ki ii Li iii  ii iii N i, ii iii 3 = 6(x + 1) 4 = 7x − 3 = x
K 15 L 12 M 10  7

i. AD = (2y + 3) BC = (12 − 8y) BC =

ii. 180 K4 8 M 10 N 14

iii. Note :
AD = BD = CD

i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii 

x
y
i.
150 z 60
w
ii.
z =
 30 L 20
iii.
M 40 N 60
w =
K 110 L 105
i ii Li iii M ii iii N i, ii iii  120 N 115

Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi y =

K 80 L 75
 M 85  90
A
x =
2 3
K 100  90
M 95 N 85
1 4
B C
D

¸iæZ¡c~Y© m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

 

 DEF- E F O
 PQR Q R O

DE + DF > OE + OF.
1 2QOR = 180 − QPR.
EOF = 90 + D.
2
PQR PO = QO =
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  RO.

  3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 

D

P
O

D
E F
 DEF E F
Q R
EO FO O
PQR Q R OQ OR
O
DE + DF > OE + OF
D

P

S
O O

E F
Q R
FO DE S PQR Q R
QO RO O
2QOR = 180 − QPR.
DFS- DF + DS > SF
DF + DS > OF + OS ......(i)
OQR −
EOS-
QOR + OQR + ORQ = 180
OS + ES > OE ........(ii)
1 1 [QO RO
i) (ii) QOR + PQR +
2 2
DF + DS + OS + ES > OF + OS + OE PQR PRQ
PRQ = 180
DF + DE + OS > OF + OS +
1
OE [ DS + ES = DE] QOR + (PQR +
2
 DF + ED > OE + OF OS
PRQ) = 180 ............(1)
  OQR −
QPR + PQR + PRQ = 180
 ABC B C O
PQR + PRQ = 180 −
QPR ........................(2)
(1) (2)
1 1
BOC = 90 + A. QOR + (180 − QPR) = 180
2 2
AB AC B C 1
QOR + 90 − QPR = 180
2
P
1
1 QOR = 180 − 90 + QPR
BPC = 90 − A. 2
2
1
QOR = 90 + QPR
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  2
2QOR = 180 + QPR (
 
P


C
P A K

O Q R
B
O
AC K
Q R
CK = AC
PQR Q R
QO RO O P, O
PO = QO = RO.
PAC CRK-
PC = CR [ C, PR-

POQ QOR − OQ, PQR AC = CK

OQP = OQR ACP = RCK
OQ  APC  CRK
 AP = RK.
PQ = QR [ PQR
PAC = CKR
 POQ  QOR
APC = CRK
 PO = QO .....................(i)
POR OQR-
ORP = ORQ OR, PRQ AP || RK
OR AK || QR
PR = QR  AC || QR
 POR  OQR  PA = QA, QA RK
 PO = RO .......................(ii)
(i) (ii)
AK QR
PO = QO = RO

 AK = QR
 
AC + CK = QR
P, Q, R A, B, C P − Q; Q −
AC + AC = QR [ CK = AC]
R; R − P; A − C P−B
2AC = QR
 QR = 2AC
AC || QR QR = 2AC.
 B, QR PQ +
PQ + PR  2PB.
PR  2PB.
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  PB L PB = BL L,

 R
P P

A C
Q R
B
Q R
B

P, Q, R A, B C L

P − Q; Q − R; R − P; A − C P−B

 PQR- PQ, QR PR A, B
C.
AC || QR QR = 2AC.
 
PBQ BLR−
PB = BL [ B, QR-
QB = BR
PQM − PR = QR
PBQ = LBR
 QPR = PQR
 PBQ  BLR
PRM
 PQ = LR
PR = MR PR = QR, QR = MR]
PLR-
RPM = PMR
PR + LR  PL
QPR = RPM = PQR + PMR
[ PL = PB + BL]
QPM = PQM + PMQ
 PR + LR  PB + BL [ LR = PQ
PQM
PR + PQ  PB + PB PB = BL]
QPM + PQM + PMQ = 180
 PQ + PR  2PB
QPM + QPM = 180
 PQR PR = QR, QR M QR 2QPM = 180
= MR  QPM = 90 1

PQ + PM > 2PR

P, Q, R PQ D
QPM = 1
PR E
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 

A
1
DE = QR
2
F E PQ + QR > 2QE

B C
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
D

ABC- AD, BE CF
A

Q
D E
R

P M B C
D
PQR PR = QR QR M
PQR P, Q, R
QR = MR PQ + PM > 2PR
PQ D
PR E

PQM − P
PQ + PM > QM
PQ + PM >QR + RM
E
D F
PQ + PM >QR + QR QR = MR]
PQ + PM > 2QR
Q R
 PQ + PM >2PR [QR = PR]
PQR PQ PR D, E
1
Q DE = QR
2
R
DE F DE = EF R, F
P M

PQR PR = QR QR M
RM = QR PDE EFR
QPM = 1 PE = ER [E, PR
 
DE = EF ABC BC Q
PED = REF AB + AC > 2 AQ
PDE = EFR  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 PD = ER
DQ = FR

EPD = ERF [
 PQ || RF
DQ || RF
QDRF DQ RF
A
DF QR
 DF = QR
DE = EF
B C
1
 DE = DF ABC ABC > ACB.
2
1 AC > AB.
 DE = QR
2

Q
AC AB
(i) AC = AB
P
E
R (ii) AC < AB
(i) AC = AB ABC =
F ACB ABC 
PQR E, PR PQ + ACB
QR > 2QE (ii) AC < AB
QE F QE = EF P, F ABC < ACB

AC AB AB
AC > AB
QER PEF ABC BC Q AB + AC >
QE = EF 2AQ.
ER = PE
E, PR ]
ABC BC Q A, Q
QER = PEF
AB + AC > 2AQ
  QER = PEF
AQ E AQ = QE
 QR = PF
 PQF PQ + PF > QF [ E, C

PQ + QR > QE + EF
PQ + QR > QE + QE
 PQ + QR > 2QE ABQ ECQ
BQ = CQ [Q, AC

AG = EQ
A
AQB = EQC
ABC  BQC
AB = BC ............ (i)
B C
AEC AC + CE > AE
AC + AB > AQ + QE
AB + AC > AQ + AQ
ABC ABC >ACB
 AB + AC > 2AQ
AC >AB
 
 ABC BC ACD (i) (ii) [ ACE + ECD
BAC + ABC = ACE + ECD = ACD]
BAC + ABC = ACD
ACD = BAC + ABC

 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  B D

C
ABC BC D ACD
A

ACD  BAC
ACD  ABC
B D
C
ABC ACD ABC, ACB
BAC ABC
ABC + ACB + BAC = 2 
A E  i)
AC C
BD
B D
C
ABC BC D ACB ACD

ACD ACD = BAC +

ABC ACB + ACD = 2
C BA CE  ii)
(i) (ii)
ACB + ACD = ABC +
ACB + BAC
( ) BA ║ CE
ACD = ABC + BAC
AC
ACD  ABC
 BAC = ACE
ACD  BAC
( BA ║ CE BD (i)
 ABC = ECD
(ii)
A
 ABC
A

F E

B C
D
B C

ABC- AD, BE CF ABC- AD, BE CF

AB + AC > 2AD

 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 

 
A

 ABC B = D, AC
B C
D

1
BD = AC
G 2

ABC AD AB = BC ABD 

AB + AC > 2AD BCD AB2 = BD2 + AD2

AD G  10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
AD = DG C, G

D
ABD CDG
AD = DG
BD = CD
[ D, BC
B C

ADB = CDG ABC B = AC D

 ABD  CDG
 AB = CG A
ACG AC + CG > AG

E D
AC + CG > AD + DG [ AG = AD + DG]
AC + CG > AD + AD [ AD = DG]
[ AB = CG] B C
AC + AB > 2AD
ABC B = D, AC
 AB + AC > 2AD
1
BD = AC
2
A
AB E D, E

F E

ABC E D AB 
AC
B D C
 ED  BC
ABC AD, BE CF
AD + BE
+ CF < AB + BC + AC  AED = BED =
AED BED
[ E, AB
AE = BE
DE

AB + AC > 2AD  (i) AED = BED [

AB + BC > 2BE  (ii)  AED  BED

 AD = BD
BC + CA > 2CF  (iii)
1
(i), (ii) (iii) AD = AC
2
AB + AC + AB + BC + BC + AC > 2AD + 2BE + 2CF 1
 BD = AC
2(AB + BC + AC) > 2(AD + BE + CF) 2

AB + BC + AC > AD + BE + CF
 AD + BE + CF < AB + BC + AC
 
A ABC BC, CA AB D, E F
D 1
FE  BC FE = BC
2
F, E FE K
B C EK = FE C, K
ABC B = D, AC AB =
BC ABD  BCD
2 2 2
AB = BD + AD AFE CEK-
AE = EC [ E, AC
FE = EK.
ABD BCD- AEF = CEK
AB = BC  AFE  CEK
AD = CD [ D, AC  AF = CK
BD AFE = EKC
 ABD  BCD FAE = ECK
AB = BC
ABC AF  CK
 FK  BC
D, AC BD ⊥ AC
 FE  BC
ABD
FK = BC
ADB =
FE + EK = BC
AB2 = AD2 + BD2
FE + FE = BC
 ABD  BCD
2FE = BC
AB2 = BD2 + AD2
1
 ABC BC, CA AB  FE = BC
2
D, E, F
A

1 F E
FE  BC FE = BC
2
DEF B
D C
 11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ABC AB = BC = AC
DEF
A

1
FE = BC
F 2
E
1
DE = AB
2
B C 1
D FD = AC
2
ABC AB = BC = CA BC, CA AB AB = BC = AC
D, E F 1 1 1
AB = BC = AC
2 2 2
A DE = FE = FD
 DEF

F E K
 ABC B C O

B
1
BOC = 90 + A
D C 2
 
ABC AO = ABC
BO = CO A = B = C = 60

 12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  1

 BOC = 90 +  60
2
= 90 + 30 = 120
A 1
AOB = 90 + C
2
1
O = 90 +  60
2

B C = 120
AOC = 120
ABC B C O
AOB, AOC BOC-
AOB = AOC = BOC = 120
OBC = OCB = OCA =
A
OAC = OAB = OBA = 30
 AOB  AOC  BOC
O  AO = BO = CO

 ABC ACD ABE

B C
ABC B C O
1
BOC = 90 + 2 A
ACD = BAC + ABC
ACD + ABE > 2

 13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 

ABC-
A + B + C = 180 [
A
1 1 1
A + B + C = 90 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
B + C = 90 − A
2 2 2
 (i) E B C D
BOC-
[
BOC + OBC + OCB = 180 ABC ACD ABE
1 1
BOC + B + C = 180
2 2
1 A F
BOC + 90 − A = 180 [(i)
2
1
BOC = 180 − 90 + A
2
1
 BOC = 90 + 2 A B C D
ABC BC D ACD
BAC ABC
A
ACD = BAC + ABC
C BA CF
O
B C
ABC- AB = AC = BC AO = BO = CO
BA  CF AC
 BAC = ACF  (i)
BA  CF BD
1
BOC = 90 + A [  ABC = FCD  (ii)
2
(i) (ii)
 
BAC + ABC = ACF + FCD
BAC + ABC = ACD
 ACD = BAC + ABC

ACD = BAC + ABC  (i)

A
ABE = BAC + ACB  (ii)
(i) (ii)
ACD + ABE = BAC + ABC + BAC + ACB
ACD + ABE = A + B + C + A
ACD + ABE = 180 + A
E B C D

ABC ACD ABE
180]
ACD + ABE > 2  ACD + ABE > 2

wewfbœ ¯‹z‡ji wbe©vwPZ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

 ABC AB  AC B C O
A AD BC D
 DF2 = EF2 + DE2

ABC
1
BOC = 90 + A
2  ABC B = D
ADB
AC
 14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
1
BD = AC.
2
A
ABC AB = BC D AC
O
DA2 + DC2 = 2BD2.
B C
D  16bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 

A

D
A D
B C

B C F
E
A
DEF = 90
E D

ABC  ACB AC B C
F
 AB. AB = BC ABC AC
ABC B C O D, BC DA2
BOC = 90 + + DC2 = 2BD2 ABC B = 90,
1
A A = C = 45
2
DF, BC
 15bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
DFC
E = 90 DE EF DF DC DCF = FDC = 45
 
[ C = 45] AB AC
 DF = FC, 9
DE = AE
DFC
A BC D
DC2 = DF2 + FC2
ADB
= DF2 + DF2 ............... [ DF = FC]
DC2 = 2DF2 .....................(i)  17bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
AED ABC
AD2 = ED2 + AE2 BC : AB : AC = 18 : 12 : 9
= ED2 + ED2 ............ [ ED = AE]
BC : AB : AC = 6 : 4 : 3
AD = 2ED2 ................(ii)
2

DF, BC ED, AB EDBF

C
DE = BF (i) (ii)
6
DC2 + AD2 = 2DF2 + 2ED2 3
= 2(DF2 + ED2)
A B
= 2(DF2 + BF2) [ DE = BF] 4
BDF DF2 + BF2 = BD2 AB AC D E
AD2 + DC2 = 2BD2 1
DE = BC
 AD2 + DC2 = 2BD2 2
BC = 18
 ABC BC = 18
1
AB = 12 AC = 9 DE =  18 9 9
2

m„Rbkxj cÖkœe¨vsK DËimn

 ABC ABC  ACB AB2 = AD2 + BD2 + 2BDCD

ABC  PQR Q R M
ABC AC  AB
A AE, BC E
PQR
AEB 1
QMR = 90 + P
2
 ABC B = D
 PQR D PQ + PR 
AC
QD + DR

1  ABC A = BC
BD = AC
2
D
ABC AB = BC D AC
ABC
DA2 + DC2 = 2BD2
AB2 + AC2 = BC2
 PQR PQ PR M N 1
AD = BC
2

1  ABC AB AC D E; D, E
MN  QR MN = QR
2
PQ = PR QPR = 70 QMN
 ABC C = A 1
DE  BC DE = BC
AD, BC D 2
ABC B C O
1
ADB BOC = 90 + 2 A
 

Aa¨vq mgwš^Z m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

 AB AC D E
DE  BC BD  CF AD = BD [ AB D]
A AE = CE [ AC E]
120 DBCF BD = CF
D
F BD  CF
E
 AD = BD = CF
( ADE ECF
B C
AD = CF AE = CE
120 ECB AED = CEF [
 ADE  CEF
ADE  CEF 1
D AB DE =
1 2
D AB DE = BC
2 BC
 25bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
120 180 − 120 = 60
A
AB D DF  BC
120 AC E
D F ADE  CEF
E
DE = EF
1
B C  DE = DF [ DF E]
2
AEF = 120 BCFD BD = CF
AED = 180 − 120 = 60 BD  CF DF  BC
AED = BCE = 60 BCFD
AB AC D E DF  BC BD DF = BC 
 CF 1 1
DE = DF = BC [ DF = BC]
ADE  CEF 2 2
1
 DE = BC
2