Phase 1: Database Foundations
1. Database Fundamentals
Data
Information
Database
Database Management System (DBMS)
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)
Advantages of DBMS
Disadvantages of DBMS
Database Users
Database Administrator (DBA)
Database Architect
Database Developer
Database Analyst
Database Components
Database Environment
Database Languages
Database Applications
Database Architecture
Three-Level Architecture
Data Abstraction
Data Independence
Metadata
Schema
Instance
Data Dictionary
2. Data Models
Hierarchical Data Model
Network Data Model
Relational Data Model
Entity-Relationship Model
Object-Oriented Data Model
Object-Relational Data Model
Semi-Structured Data Model
NoSQL Data Models
3. Relational Database Concepts
Relation
Tuple
Attribute
Domain
Degree
Cardinality
Relational Schema
Relational Instance
4. Keys
Super Key
Candidate Key
Primary Key
Alternate Key
Composite Key
Foreign Key
Unique Key
Natural Key
Surrogate Key
5. Constraints
Domain Constraint
Key Constraint
Entity Integrity Constraint
Referential Integrity Constraint
NOT NULL Constraint
UNIQUE Constraint
PRIMARY KEY Constraint
FOREIGN KEY Constraint
CHECK Constraint
DEFAULT Constraint
6. Entity Relationship Modeling
ER Model Fundamentals
Entity
Entity Set
Strong Entity
Weak Entity
Attributes
Simple Attribute
Composite Attribute
Single-Valued Attribute
Multi-Valued Attribute
Derived Attribute
Relationships
Relationship
Relationship Set
Degree of Relationship
Cardinality Ratio
Participation Constraints
ER Diagrams
ER Diagram Symbols
ER Diagram Design
ER to Relational Mapping
Enhanced ER Model
Specialization
Generalization
Aggregation
7. Relational Algebra
Selection
Projection
Union
Set Difference
Cartesian Product
Rename
Intersection
Join Operations
Division
8. Relational Calculus
Tuple Relational Calculus
Domain Relational Calculus
Phase 2: SQL Mastery
9. SQL Fundamentals
SQL Introduction
SQL Standards
SQL Syntax
SQL Data Types
10. Data Definition Language (DDL)
CREATE DATABASE
ALTER DATABASE
DROP DATABASE
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
DROP TABLE
TRUNCATE TABLE
RENAME TABLE
11. Data Manipulation Language (DML)
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
MERGE
12. Data Query Language (DQL)
SELECT Statement
SELECT
DISTINCT
Filtering
WHERE
AND
OR
NOT
Searching
IN
NOT IN
BETWEEN
LIKE
Wildcards
NULL Handling
IS NULL
IS NOT NULL
Sorting
ORDER BY
ASC
DESC
Pagination
LIMIT
OFFSET
13. Data Control Language (DCL)
GRANT
REVOKE
14. Transaction Control Language (TCL)
COMMIT
ROLLBACK
SAVEPOINT
SET TRANSACTION
15. SQL Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Comparison Operators
Logical Operators
Special Operators
Bitwise Operators
16. SQL Functions
String Functions
UPPER()
LOWER()
LENGTH()
CONCAT()
TRIM()
SUBSTRING()
Numeric Functions
ROUND()
FLOOR()
CEIL()
ABS()
Date Functions
NOW()
CURRENT_DATE()
DATE_ADD()
DATE_SUB()
DATEDIFF()
Conversion Functions
Aggregate Functions
COUNT()
SUM()
AVG()
MIN()
MAX()
17. SQL Clauses
GROUP BY
HAVING
18. SQL Joins
Inner Join
Left Outer Join
Right Outer Join
Full Outer Join
Cross Join
Self Join
Natural Join
19. Subqueries
Single Row Subquery
Multiple Row Subquery
Multiple Column Subquery
Correlated Subquery
Nested Subquery
20. Set Operators
UNION
UNION ALL
INTERSECT
EXCEPT
MINUS
21. Views
Simple View
Complex View
Materialized View
22. Common Table Expressions (CTE)
CTE
Recursive CTE
23. Window Functions
ROW_NUMBER()
RANK()
DENSE_RANK()
NTILE()
LEAD()
LAG()
24. SQL Programming
Stored Procedures
User Defined Functions
Triggers
Cursors
Exception Handling
Phase 3: Database Design
25. Functional Dependencies
Functional Dependency
Full Functional Dependency
Partial Dependency
Transitive Dependency
Multivalued Dependency
Join Dependency
26. Normalization
First Normal Form (1NF)
Second Normal Form (2NF)
Third Normal Form (3NF)
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
Fifth Normal Form (5NF)
Domain-Key Normal Form (DKNF)
Denormalization
27. Database Design
Requirement Analysis
Conceptual Design
Logical Design
Physical Design
Schema Design
Data Modeling
Phase 4: Database Internals
28. File Organization
Heap File Organization
Sequential File Organization
Hash File Organization
Indexed File Organization
29. Indexing
Index Fundamentals
Types of Indexes
Primary Index
Secondary Index
Clustered Index
Non-Clustered Index
Dense Index
Sparse Index
Composite Index
Unique Index
Full-Text Index
Bitmap Index
Hash Index
B-Tree Index
B+ Tree Index
30. Query Processing
Query Parsing
Query Translation
Query Evaluation
Query Execution
31. Query Optimization
Cost-Based Optimization
Rule-Based Optimization
Execution Plans
Explain Plans
Statistics
Index Tuning
Phase 5: Transaction Management
32. Transactions
Transaction Fundamentals
Transaction States
ACID Properties
Transaction Scheduling
33. Concurrency Control
Concurrent Transactions
Serial Schedules
Conflict Serializability
View Serializability
Lock-Based Protocols
Two-Phase Locking (2PL)
Timestamp Protocol
Validation Protocol
Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC)
34. Deadlocks
Deadlock Fundamentals
Deadlock Prevention
Deadlock Avoidance
Deadlock Detection
Deadlock Recovery
35. Recovery System
Failure Classification
Log-Based Recovery
Checkpoints
Shadow Paging
Backup Recovery
Disaster Recovery
Phase 6: Security & Administration
36. Database Security
Authentication
Authorization
Access Control
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
Encryption
Auditing
Data Masking
SQL Injection Prevention
37. Database Administration
Installation
Configuration
User Management
Monitoring
Logging
Backup
Recovery
Performance Tuning
High Availability
Capacity Planning
Phase 7: Distributed Databases
38. Distributed Database Systems
Distributed Database Architecture
Data Fragmentation
Data Replication
Data Partitioning
Distributed Transactions
Commit Protocols
Two-Phase Commit (2PC)
Three-Phase Commit (3PC)
Distributed Concepts
CAP Theorem
BASE Properties
Consensus Algorithms
Sharding
Horizontal Scaling
Vertical Scaling
Phase 8: Modern Databases
39. MongoDB
MongoDB Architecture
BSON
Collections
Documents
CRUD Operations
Aggregation Framework
Indexing
Replication
Sharding
Transactions
40. Redis
Redis Architecture
Strings
Lists
Sets
Sorted Sets
Hashes
Pub/Sub
Streams
Persistence
Caching
41. Apache Cassandra
Cassandra Architecture
Partitioning
Replication
Consistency Levels
Data Modeling
42. Amazon DynamoDB
Partition Key
Sort Key
Global Secondary Index
Local Secondary Index
Streams
Auto Scaling
43. Search Engines
Elasticsearch
OpenSearch
Meilisearch
Phase 9: Data Warehousing
44. Data Warehousing Fundamentals
OLTP
OLAP
Data Warehouse
Data Mart
ETL
ELT
Star Schema
Snowflake Schema
Fact Tables
Dimension Tables
Phase 10: Java Database Development
45. JDBC
JDBC Architecture
JDBC Drivers
Connection API
Statement Interface
PreparedStatement Interface
CallableStatement Interface
ResultSet Interface
Batch Processing
Transaction Management
46. Object Relational Mapping (ORM)
Java Persistence API (JPA)
Hibernate ORM
Entity Mapping
Association Mapping
JPQL
Criteria API
Spring Data JPA
Phase 11: Advanced Database Engineering
47. Database Internals
Storage Engine Architecture
Buffer Management
Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)
Query Engine Architecture
48. Distributed Query Processing
49. Change Data Capture (CDC)
50. Event Sourcing
51. Database Observability
52. Database Reliability Engineering
53. Multi-Tenant Database Design
54. High Availability Architecture
55. Cloud Database Architecture
56. Distributed SQL Databases
CockroachDB
YugabyteDB
PlanetScale
Google Spanner
Phase 12: Real-World Database Projects
Beginner Projects
1. Student Management System
2. Library Management System
Intermediate Projects
1. Hospital Management System
2. Inventory Management System
3. Hotel Reservation System
Advanced Projects
1. Banking Management System
2. E-Commerce Platform
3. Food Delivery Platform
4. Social Media Platform
5. Learning Management System
Recommended Learning Path
Database Foundations
↓
SQL Mastery
↓
Database Design
↓
Database Internals
↓
Transaction Management
↓
Security & Administration
↓
Distributed Databases
↓
Modern Databases
↓
Data Warehousing
↓
Java Database Development
↓
Advanced Database Engineering
↓
Real-World Projects
This is a complete end-to-end roadmap from "What is DBMS?" to Advanced Database
Engineer level.