STATISTICS FOR BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2
2025-26 SPRING
CLASS STUDY 2
Chapter 1: Data Preparation and Filtering
Step 1: Import the dataset into Jamovi. Use the "Filters" feature to select the two countries you
want to compare.
Instruction: Type the appropriate formula in the Data > Filters section to keep only the two
countries you selected.
[Screenshot 1: Insert the Jamovi screen you are filtering here]
Countries I Selected: Brazil and Mexico
Variable I will compare: Flavor (Flavor or Aroma)
Chapter 2: Establishing Hypotheses and Level of Significance
At the very beginning of the statistical analysis process, we must clearly define our hypotheses.
• Null Hypothesis : 𝑯𝟎 There is no difference analysis process, we must clearly define
our hypotheses.
• Alternative Hypothesis : 𝑯𝟏 There is a difference in the mean score of flavor between
the countries Brazil and Mexico
• Significance Level :𝛂 0.05
Chapter 3: Checking Assumptions
Before proceeding with the analysis, you should check whether the data is suitable for the t-test.
1. Assumption of Normality (Shapiro-Wilk Test):
• Kurtosis value: 0.094 and –0.118
• Skewness value: -0.281 and –0.300
• The W and p values obtained are: W= 0.981 for Brazil and Mexico p-value=.167 for
Brazil and .166 for Mexico
• Comment: The p-values are greater than 0.05
[Screenshot 2: Insert the "Descriptives" table in Jamovi here]
[Screenshot 3: Insert the table "Q-Q plot" in Jamovi here]
2. Homogeneity of Variances (Levene Test):
• The resulting F value is: 0.070
• The resulting p-value is: .792
• Comment: The p-values are greater than 0.05
Section 4: Findings and Analysis
Follow the path of Analyses > T-Tests > Independent Samples T-Tests in Jamovi.
Test Statistic Results:
• t value: -5.014
• Degrees of Freedom (df): 198
• p-value: smaller than .001
• Effect Size (Cohen's d): -0.709
[Screenshot 4: Insert Jamovi "T-Test Results" table here]
Section 5: Results and Interpretation
Make your decision by comparing the p-value you obtained with the α value you determined.
• Statistical Decision: _𝐻0 is rejected because p < is 0.05.
• Verbal Interpretation: As a result of the independent samples t-test, a statistically
significant difference was found between the mean flavor scores of Brazil (M=
74.73 SD=3.035) and [Mexico] (M = 76.93 SD= 3.169).
• According to the findings, the [t(198) = -5.014, p < 0,05. The flavor scores of the
[Mexico] group were significantly different from the [Brazil] group.