Part-1
Bangladesh Network Infrastructure:
Submarine cable-> (SMW-4,SMW-5,SMW-6)
ITC-> International Terrestrial Cable
IIG->International Internet Gateway
NTTN-> National Telecommunication Transmission Network
ISP->Internet Service Provider
IXP->Internet Exchange Point
NIX->National Internet Exchange
BDIX->Bangladesh Internet Exchange BTRC->Bangladesh
Telecommunication Regulatory Commission
BSCCL->Bangladesh Submarine Cable Company Limited
IGW->International Gateway
ICX-> Interconnection Exchange
SEA-ME-WE 4/5/6
1. BTRC (Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory
Commission)
The telecom and internet regulatory authority of Bangladesh.
Main Functions:
- Issues telecom licenses
- Regulates ISPs and operators
- Allocates spectrum
- Creates telecom policies
2. BSCCL (Bangladesh Submarine Cables PLC)
The authority responsible for Bangladesh submarine cable connectivity.
Main Functions:
- Manages submarine cable bandwidth
- Operates landing stations
Landing Stations:
- Cox’s Bazar
- Kuakata
Official Website: [Link]
3. Submarine Cable
Fiber optic cables installed under the sea for international internet
connectivity.
Bangladesh is connected to:
- SEA-ME-WE 4
- SEA-ME-WE 5
- SEA-ME-WE 6
Purpose:
- International internet connectivity
4. ITC (International Terrestrial Cable)
Land-based international fiber connectivity through India.
Purpose:
- Backup internet connection
- Redundancy
- Cross-border bandwidth
5. IIG (International Internet Gateway)
Receives international bandwidth from submarine cables and ITC providers
and distributes it to ISPs and operators.
Example Companies:
- Mango Teleservices
- Fiber@Home
- Summit Communications
6. NTTN (Nationwide Telecommunication Transmission Network)
Nationwide fiber backbone network used for telecom and internet transport.
Main Functions:
- City-to-city fiber connectivity
- Backbone transport
- Tower connectivity
7. ISP (Internet Service Provider)
Provides internet access to users.
Example ISPs:
- Link3
- Dot Internet
- Amber IT
8. IXP (Internet Exchange Point)
A local traffic exchange point where ISPs and networks exchange local
internet traffic.
Benefits:
- Lower latency
- Faster local access
- Reduced international bandwidth usage
9. NIX (National Internet Exchange)
A national-level local traffic exchange concept used to keep domestic
internet traffic within the country.
10. BDIX (Bangladesh Internet Exchange)
Bangladesh's local internet exchange ecosystem where ISPs exchange
local traffic.
Benefits:
- Faster local speed
- Lower latency
- Reduced bandwidth cost
11. IGW (International Gateway)
Handles international voice call routing.
Purpose:
- International voice communication
12. ICX (Interconnection Exchange)
Connects different telecom operators for voice communication.
Purpose:
- Operator-to-operator voice routing
13. Mobile Operators in Bangladesh
Major Mobile Operators:
- Grameenphone
- Robi Axiata
- Banglalink
- Teletalk Bangladesh
14. Simplified Internet Flow
User ->ISP/Mobile Operator-> NTTN Backbone -> BDIX (Local Traffic) ->
IIG (International Traffic) -> Submarine
Cable / ITC -> Global Internet
Part 2
Various Networking Equipments
1. Console Cable
Console Cable
Used to configure routers, switches, and firewalls directly from a PC/laptop.
Types:
● USB to Console
● RJ45 Console Cable
● USB to Serial
Purpose:
● Initial device configuration
● Troubleshooting
Example:
● Cisco Console Cabl
2. RJ45
RJ45 Connector
RJ45 is the standard Ethernet connector used in LAN networking.
Purpose:
● Ethernet connection
● LAN communication
3. Crimper Tool
Crimping Tool
Used to attach RJ45 connectors to UTP cables.
Purpose:
● LAN cable making
● RJ45 pin fixing
Used with:
● Cat5e
● Cat6 cable
4. Patch Cable
Patch Cable
Short Ethernet cable used to connect devices.
Purpose:
● PC to switch
● Patch panel to switch
Types:
● Straight-through
● Crossover
5. Cable Tester
Cable Tester
Used to test LAN cable connectivity and pin order.
Purpose:
● Detect cable fault
● Check continuity
● Verify RJ45 pinout
6. Cable Tracker / Tone Generator
Cable Tracker
Used to identify and trace cables.
Purpose:
● Cable tracing
● Detect cable path
● Network troubleshooting
7. Media Converter
Media Converter
Converts Ethernet signal to fiber signal and vice versa.
Purpose:
● Fiber connectivity
● Long-distance communication
8. ODF (Optical Distribution Frame)
Optical Distribution Frame
Used for organizing and terminating fiber optic cables.
Purpose:
● Fiber cable management
● Fiber patching
● Protection
Commonly used in:
● Data centers
● ISP POP sites
9. Cable Manager
Cable Manager
Used to organize cables inside network racks.
Purpose:
● Clean cable routing
● Easy maintenance
● Better airflow
10. Patch Panel
Patch Panel
Used to terminate and organize LAN cables.
Purpose:
● Structured cabling
● Easy cable management
Common Ports:
● 24 Port
● 48 Port
11. Modular Jack / Keystone Jack
Keystone Jack
Female RJ45 connector used in wall outlets and patch panels.
Purpose:
● LAN termination
● Structured cabling
12. Punch Down Tool (Module Puncher)
Punch Down Tool
Used to insert UTP wires into keystone jacks or patch panels.
Purpose:
● Cable termination
● Structured LAN installation
13. PoE (Power over Ethernet)
Power over Ethernet
PoE sends power and data through the same Ethernet cable.
Purpose:
● Power IP cameras
● Power Access Points
● Power VoIP phones
Benefits:
● No separate power cable needed
Devices:
● PoE Switch
● PoE Injector
14. Microsoft Visio
Microsoft Visio
Diagram and network design software by Microsoft.
Purpose:
● Network topology diagram
● Rack design
● Data flow diagram
● Office layout
Commonly used by:
● Network engineers
● System administrators
15. UTP Cable Categories
Unshielded Twisted Pair
Common LAN cable types.
Cabl Speed
e
Cat5 1 Gbps
e
Cat6 1–10 Gbps
Cat6 10 Gbps
A
Cat7 High-speed
16. Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
Uses light for data transmission.
Types:
● Single Mode Fiber (SMF)
● Multi Mode Fiber (MMF)
Benefits:
● High speed
● Long distance
● Low interference
17. Rack Cabinet
Network Rack
Metal cabinet used to mount networking devices.
Contains:
● Switch
● Router
● Patch Panel
● ODF
● UPS
Types:
● Wall Mount Rack
● Floor Standing Rack
18. UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
Uninterruptible Power Supply
Provides backup power to networking devices.
Purpose:
● Prevent shutdown
● Protect equipment
19. SFP Module
Small Form-factor Pluggable
Used in switches/routers for fiber connectivity.
Types:
● 1G SFP
● 10G SFP+
● Single Mode
● Multi Mode
20. Basic Network Rack Structure
ISP Fiber
↓
ODF
↓
Media Converter / SFP
↓
Router
↓
Switch
↓
Patch Panel
↓
User Devices
Part 3
Major Network Vendor
🏢 Top Networking Companies
● Cisco Systems
● Huawei
● Juniper Networks
● HPE Aruba
● Dell Technologies
● Ubiquiti
● Fortinet
● Palo Alto Networks
Cisco History
Cisco Systems was founded in 1984 by Leonard Bosack and Sandy Lerner
(Stanford University).
Key points:
● First success: Multi-protocol router
● Helped build the foundation of modern Internet routing
● Expanded into:
○ Switching
○ Security
○ Collaboration
○ Data center
○ Service provider networks
Today Cisco is one of the largest enterprise networking companies in
the world.
Cisco Simulation & Lab Tools
[Link] Packet Tracer
● Beginner-friendly simulator
● Used for CCNA practice
● Drag & drop network devices
2. GNS3
GNS3
● Real Cisco IOS image support
● Advanced network lab
● Used for CCNP/CCIE practice
3. EVE-NG
EVE-NG
● Professional-grade emulator
● Multi-vendor lab (Cisco, Juniper, Fortinet)
● Used in enterprise & training institutes
4. Cisco CML
Cisco Modeling Labs
● Official Cisco simulator
● Cloud + local lab support
● Real Cisco IOS images
Cisco Product Line
🔀 Routing Products
● ISR (Integrated Services Router)
● ASR (Aggregation Services Router)
● Service Provider routers (NCS series)
🔁 Switching Products
● Catalyst series (Enterprise switch)
● Nexus series (Data center switch)
● Meraki switches (Cloud-managed)
Access Point (Wireless)
● Cisco Catalyst WiFi AP
● Meraki MR series (cloud wireless)
Security Products
● ASA Firewall
● Firepower NGFW
● SecureX platform
● VPN & IDS/IPS systems
Collaboration Tools
● Webex
● Webex Meetings
● Webex Teams (messaging, calling, meeting)
IP Phone System
● Cisco IP Phones (8800 series etc.)
● Unified Communications Manager (Call Manager)
Data Center Solutions
● Cisco UCS (Unified Computing System)
● Nexus switches
● ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure)
Service Provider Solutions
● High-capacity routers (ASR, NCS)
● Optical networking
● 5G core & edge infrastructure
Management & Analytics
● Cisco DNA Center
● Cisco Prime
● ThousandEyes (network monitoring)
Cisco Product Selling Channel Model
1. OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer)
● Cisco designs & produces hardware/software
● Some components made by third-party vendors
● Final product sold under Cisco brand
2. Authorized Distributor
● Buy directly from Cisco
● Supply to reseller or large enterprises
● Example: global IT distributors
3. Partner / Reseller
● Certified Cisco partners
● Sell + install + support Cisco products
● Provide enterprise solutions
4. End Customer
● Banks, telecom companies, universities, government
● Use Cisco products in real infrastructure
Part 4
Cisco Packet Tracer Explained
Download and Install Cisco Packet Tracer from netacad cisco site.
Part 5
Computer Networking Fundamentals (LAN, WAN & Devices)
PC, Laptop,Hub,Switch,MAC address Table,IP,LAN,Router,Routing
Table,Firewall,WAN,Cloud,Collision Domain,Broadcast Domain
1. End Devices (PC, Laptop)
● PC / Laptop: End-user devices
● Used to access network services (internet, servers)
● Works as client in client-server model
2. Hub & Switch + MAC Table
🔹 Hub
● Layer 1 device
● Sends data to all ports
● Creates one collision domain
🔹 Switch
● Layer 2 device
● Sends data only to correct device using MAC address table
● Learns MAC addresses dynamically
📋 MAC Address Table
● Stores: MAC ↔ Port mapping
● Helps switch forward data intelligently
🌐 3. IP, LAN, Router & Routing Table
🔹 IP Address
● Logical address of device
● Example: [Link]
🔹 LAN (Local Area Network)
● Small area network (home, office)
🔹 Router
● Layer 3 device
● Connects different networks (LAN ↔ WAN)
📋 Routing Table
● Stores network paths
● Helps router decide best path for data
4. Firewall & Cloud + WAN
🔹 Firewall
● Security system
● Controls incoming/outgoing traffic
🌍 WAN (Wide Area Network)
● Large geographic network (country/world)
● Example: Internet
☁️ Cloud
● Remote servers over internet
● Example: AWS, Google Cloud
5. Collision Domain & Broadcast Domain
Domain: A domain is a network that has different network devices
connected to it.
💥 Collision Domain
Collision domain is a single physical line that a collision can occur. In
other words, it is a network domain that allows only one device to transfer
data at a time. If one more device tries to send data at the same time in a
collision domain, collision occurs. This means that there will be data loss.
● Area where data collisions can happen
● Hub = single collision domain
● Switch = separate collision domains per port
📢 Broadcast Domain
Broadcast Domain simply shows a network. In other words, it is the area
that a broadcast traffic can sent and received. All the devices that receive
this broadcast traffic are in the same broadcast domain. If a device sends
broadcast traffic, all the other devices in the same broadcast domain
receive this broadcast traffic.
● Area where broadcast messages are received
● Switch = same broadcast domain
● Router = separates broadcast domains
Collision Domain vs Broadcast Domain
1 hub, 1 Collision Domain 1 hub, 1 Broadcast Domain
5 Port Hub, 1 Collision Domain 5 port hub, 1 Broadcast Domain
3 Switch Ports, 1 Broadcast
3 Switch Ports, 3 Collision Domains
Domain
24 Port Switch, 24 Collision 24 Port Switch, 1 Broadcast
Domains Domain
3 Router Ports, 3 Collision Domains 3 Router Ports, 3 Broadcast
Domains
10 Port Router, 10 Collision 10 Port Router, 10 Broadcast
Domains Domains