e-Notes 25-26
Grade 7 Subject Math Month January
Unit No: 16 , 17 , Topic Fractions , Decimals & percentages , Presenting &
18 Interpreting Data , Transformations
Fractions , Decimals & Percentages
Convert fractions into decimals by dividing i.e. numerator of the fraction becomes
dividend and denominator of th fraction becomes divisor.
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For e.g. = 5 ÷ 9 (build a house , write 5 inside the house and 9 outside the house)
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Terminating Decimals: A terminating decimal is a decimal that stops after a
number of decimal places. For e.g. ½ = 0.5 , ¾ = 0.75
Recurring decimals : A recurring decimal is a decimal that continue forever in a
repeating pattern. It is represented by putting a dot or a bar above the number
that repeats. For e.g. 5/9 = 0.555555555555……..can be written as 0.5̇
Comparing Fractions : Fractions can be compared by making the denominators
same or by converting fractions into decimals
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For e.g. 5 < 5 (denominators are same , numerators alone can be compared)
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> 7 (when numerators are same, smaller the denominator greater is the fraction)
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4 2
= ( 4/10 is 0.4 and 2/5 = 4/10 = 0.4)
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17 23
> 50 (By converting into percentage: 17/25 = 68/100 23/50 = 46/100)
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Presenting & Interpreting data
Pie Charts : A pie chart is a pictorial representation of data in the form of a
circular chart or pie where the slices of the pie show the size of the data.
• To calculate the percentage of the given data, we use the formula:
(Frequency ÷ Total Frequency) × 100
• To convert the data into degrees we use the formula:
(Given Data ÷ Total value of Data) × 360°
Example: Construct a pie chart to visually display the favorite fruits of the
students in a class based on the given data: Mango - 45; Orange - 30; Plum - 15;
Pineapple - 30; Melon - 30
Step 1: Create a table with the values and get the total.
Mango 45
Orange 30
Plum 15
Pineapple 30
Melon 30
Total 150
Step 2: Find the percentage of each value:
Mango = (45/150) × 100 = 30%
Orange = (30/150) × 100 = 20%
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Plum = (15/150) × 100 = 10%
Pineapple = (30/150) × 100 = 20%
Melon = (30/150) × 100 = 20%
Step 3: Finding the degree of each pie sector using the formula: (Given data/Total
Value of data) × 360°
Category Formula Degree
Mango (45/150) × 360 108°
Orange (30/150) × 360 72°
Plum (15/150) × 360 36°
Pineapple (30/150) × 360 72°
Melon (30/150) × 360 72°
With all the above degrees, with the help of a protractor draw a pie chart. Thus,
the pie chart looks like this:
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Transformations
Transformations involved in this chapter are
1. Translation
2. Reflection
3. Rotation
4. Enlargement
To describe a transformation mathematically, you need to be very precise for each
and every transformation.
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1. Use a vector ( ) to describe a translation.
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2. To describe a reflection, give the equation of the mirror line (y = -1)
3. To describe a rotation, give the coordinates of the center of rotation (1,3), the
angle (180˚) through which the object has been rotated and the direction of the
rotation (can be clockwise or anticlockwise).
4. To describe an enlargement, give the scale factor (k = 2) and the coordinates of
the center of enlargement (5, -2).
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