LESSON 4
CLASS IX
SLO: Students should be able to
1.3.1 Distinguish among the
memory measuring units such as
bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes,
and gigabytes in computer memory;
1.3.2 Compare the types of primary
memory, i.e., Random Access
Topic: 1. The Computer System Memory (RAM) and Read Only
Subtopic:
Memory (ROM);
1.3 Memory Measurement Units
1.4 Software and Hardware Engineering
differentiate between software
engineering and hardware
engineering, based on their roles,
significance, and applications in
computer science;
SLOs will be discussed with the students
What do you mean by word memory?
Students will give the responses
Units of Memory
Which oen of the follwoing is correct
byte>kilobyte>bit>megabyte>gegabyte.
kilobyte>byte>bit>megabyte>gigabyte.
bit>byte>kilobyte>gegabyte>megabyte.
bit>kilobyte>byte>megabyte>gegabyte.
The students will answer with justification.
Units of Memory
Unit Symbol Size in Bits Size in Bytes Relation
Smallest unit of data
Bit b 1 —
(0 or 1)
Nibble — 4 0.5 4 bits = 1 nibble
Byte B 8 1 8 bits = 1 byte
Kilobyte KB 8,192 1,024 1 KB = 1,024 bytes
Megabyte MB 8,388,608 1,048,576 1 MB = 1,024 KB
Gigabyte GB 8,589,934,592 1,073,741,824 1 GB = 1,024 MB
Terabyte TB 8,796,093,022,208 1,099,511,627,776 1 TB = 1,024 GB
Petabyte PB 9,007,199,254,740,990 1,125,899,906,842,620 1 PB = 1,024 TB
Exabyte EB 9,223,372,036,854,770,01,152,921,504,606,840 1 EB = 1,024 PB
The teacher will ask students to give examples where these units are used???
Think Why??
When someone loses their memory, why do they never forget how to walk and talk??
Students will give respoonses.
Main Memory
Main Memory – Definition
Main memory stores data and programs currently being executed by the
computer and also stores the results produced by the ALU after processing the
data.
It consists of ROM, RAM, and Cache and is also called primary memory.
Differntiate between RAM and ROM
Feature RAM (Random Access Memory) ROM (Read Only Memory)
Volatile memory – data is lost when Non-volatile memory – data is retained
Type of Memory
power is off without power
Can only be read (cannot be easily
Read/Write Can be read from and written to
rewritten)
Stores programs and data currently in Stores BIOS and essential programs for
Purpose
use by the CPU startup
Installed in memory slots on the A single IC chip installed on the
Installation
motherboard motherboard
Loaded from secondary storage (HDD, Pre-stored during manufacturing or
Data Source
SSD, USB) programmed later
SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, DDR (DDR1,
Types PROM, EPROM, EEPROM
DDR2, DDR3, DDR4, DDR5)
Temporary workspace for running Permanent storage for startup
Usage
programs instructions
Hardware Engineering vs Software Engineering
Students will give the responses
Software Engineering
Aspect Software Engineering Hardware Engineering
Concerned with the design, development, testing, and
Deals with the systematic design, development, testing,
Definition maintenance of the physical components of computer
and maintenance of computer programs.
systems.
Focuses on creating software that is reliable, efficient, Ensures that hardware machines are reliable, fast, and
Role
and meets user needs. efficient.
Provides the logic and functionality of computer Provides the foundation and physical platform on which
Significance systems; without software, hardware cannot perform software operates; without hardware, software cannot be
tasks. executed.
Operating systems, business applications, educational
Microprocessors, memory devices, storage devices,
Applications software, scientific applications, and entertainment
input/output devices, and communication equipment.
software.
Students will give examples of software engineering
CLASSWORK
Distinguish among the memory measuring units such as bits, bytes, kilobytes,
megabytes, and gigabytes in computer memory;
Compare the types of primary memory, i.e., Random Access Memory (RAM) and
Read Only Memory (ROM);
Differentiate between software engineering and hardware engineering, based on their
roles, significance, and applications in computer science;